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1、reviewarticleQuantuminformationandcomputationCharlesH.Bennett&DavidP.DiVincenzoIBMResearchDivision,T.J.WatsonResearchCenter,YorktownHeights,NewYork10598,USA...............................................................................................................
2、.............................................................................................................................................................Ininformationprocessing,asinphysics,ourclassicalworldviewprovidesanincompleteapproximationtoanunderlyingquantu
3、mreality.Quantumeffectslikeinterferenceandentanglementplaynodirectroleinconventionalinformationprocessing,buttheycanÐinprinciplenow,butprobablyeventuallyinpracticeÐbeharnessedtobreakcodes,createunbreakablecodes,andspeedupotherwiseintractablecomputations.Informationan
4、dcomputationtheoryhaveundergoneaspurtofclassicalinformationandquantumentanglement.Classicalinfor-newgrowth,andarenewaloftheirhistoricconnectiontobasicmationcanbecopiedatwill,butcanonlybetransmittedforwardinphysics,astheyhaveexpandedtotreattheintacttransmissionandtime
5、,toareceiverinthesender'sforwardlightcone.Entanglementprocessingofquantumstates,andtheinteractionofsuch`quantumincontrast,cannotbecopied,butcanconnectanytwopointsininformation'withtraditionalformsofinformation.Wemayspace±time.Conventionaldataprocessingoperationsdestr
6、oywonderwhythisdidnothappenearlier,asquantumprinciplesentanglement,butquantumoperationscancreateitanduseitforhavelongbeenacceptedasfundamentaltoallofphysics.Perhapsvariouspurposes,suchasspeedingupcertainclassicalcomputa-thefoundersofinformationandcomputationtheory,su
7、chastionsandassistinginthetransmissionofclassicalinformationorShannon,TuringandvonNeumann,weretooaccustomedtointactquantumstates.Partofthenewquantuminformationtheorythinkingofinformationprocessinginmacroscopicterms,notyetisthequalitativeandquantitativestudyofentangle
8、ment,anditshavingbeforethemthepowerfulexamplesofthegeneticcodeandinteractionswithclassicalinformation.ever-shrinkingmicroelectronic