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1、REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,VOLUME84,APRIL–JUNE2012GaussianquantuminformationChristianWeedbrookCenterforQuantumInformationandQuantumControl,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineeringandDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,M5S3G4,CanadaandResearchLaboratoryofElectroni
2、cs,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USAStefanoPirandolaDepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofYork,DeramoreLane,YorkYO105GH,UnitedKingdomRau´lGarcı´a-Patro´nMax-Planck-Institutfu¨rQuantenoptik,Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse1,Garching,D-85748,Germanya
3、ndResearchLaboratoryofElectronics,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USANicolasJ.CerfQuantumInformationandCommunication,EcolePolytechnique,Universite´LibredeBruxelles,1050Brussels,BelgiumandResearchLaboratoryofElectronics,MassachusettsInstituteof
4、Technology,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USATimothyC.RalphCentreforQuantumComputationandCommunicationTechnology,SchoolofMathematicsandPhysics,UniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Queensland4072,AustraliaJeffreyH.ShapiroResearchLaboratoryofElectronics,MassachusettsInstituteofTechno
5、logy,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USASethLloydResearchLaboratoryofElectronics,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USAandDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USA(published30April2012)Thes
6、cienceofquantuminformationhasarisenoverthelasttwodecadescenteredonthemanipulationofindividualquantaofinformation,knownasquantumbitsorqubits.Quantumcomputers,quantumcryptography,andquantumteleportationareamongthemostcelebratedideasthathaveemergedfromthisnewfield.Itwasrealizedl
7、ateronthatusingcontinuous-variablequantuminformationcarriers,insteadofqubits,constitutesanextremelypowerfulalternativeapproachtoquantuminformationprocessing.Thisreviewfocusesoncontinuous-variablequantuminformationprocessesthatrelyonanycombinationofGaussianstates,Gaussianoper
8、ations,andGaussianmeasurements.Interestingly,sucharestrictiontotheGaussianr
