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1、Chapter1TheOriginofChineseCulture文化词汇Confucianphilosophy儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子thedescendantsofYanandHuang炎黄子孙theSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriods春秋战国时期TheArtofWar《孙子兵法》porcelain瓷器三皇五帝ThreeEmperorsandFiveSovereigns)Gregoriancalendar/solarcalendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历l
2、unarcalendar阴历theTwenty-fourSolarTerms二十四节气ChineseZodiac生肖ChineseCulture---PastandPresentChinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthemiddlereaches（中游）oftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,
3、aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedinto（合并，融合）one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycallthemselves“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.Peopleatthattimebelievedthatthelandtheylivedonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheirstatethe"MiddleKingdom"(中国),thu
4、sgivingChinaitscountryname.TraditionalChinesecultureisrecordednotonlyinhistorybooksanddocuments,butalsoinarcheologicalrecords(考古记载),suchasancientcitywalls,palaces（宫殿）,temples（寺庙）,pagodas（宝塔）,andgrottos（洞窟）;artifacts（史前古器物）,suchasbronzeobjects,weapons,bronzemirrors,coins,jad
5、eandpotteryobjects,andcurios;andfolkculture,includingsonganddance,embroidery（刺绣）,cuisine（烹饪）,clothing,teaceremonies,drinkinggames,lanterns,riddles,martialarts（武术）,chessandkites.Withacontinuoushistoryof5,000years,ithasundergonefrequenttransformationstoproducearichandvitalcul
6、turalheritage.Inthemodernday,withtheriseofwesterneconomicandmilitarypowerbeginninginthemid-19thcentury,WesternsystemsofsocialandpoliticalorganizationhavegainedadherentsinChina.Indeed,withintoday’sglobalizedenvironment,modernculturesinteractandcooperateincreasinglymorewithea
7、chother.China’scultureofthefuturewillmostlikelyreflectthiscross-culturaldimension.Thus,obtainingasolidunderstandingofChina’scultureofthepastisnecessaryinordertosuccessfullyembraceallthattheculturehastooffertotheworld.TheAppellationofChinaChinaistheappellationofourcountrygiv
8、enbyforeigners.TheporcelainchinaisthetransliterationoftheplacenameChangnan(昌南),whi
