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ID:12332369
大小:292.50 KB
页数:17页
时间:2018-07-16
《现代语言学--自考大纲》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、第一章 绪论1/Whatislinguistics?¢什么是语言学?¢Linguistics isgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.2/Thescopeoflinguistics¢语言学的研究范畴¢Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled generallinguistics.(普通语言学)¢Thestudyofsound
2、s,whichareusedinlinguisticcommunication,iscalled phonetics.(语音学)¢ Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalled phonology.(音系学)¢ Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalled morphology.(形态学)¢ Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombin
3、edtoformsentencesiscalled syntax.(句法学)¢ Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalled semantics.(语义学)¢ Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalled pragmatics.(语用学)¢ Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalled socio-linguistics.(社会语言学)¢ Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworki
4、ngofmindiscalledpsycho-linguistics.(心理语言学)¢Thestudyofapplications(astherecoveryofspeechability)isgenerallyknownas appliedlinguistics.(应用语言学)¢Butinanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especi
5、allytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguage.¢Otherrelatedbranchesinclude anthropologicallinguistics,(人类语言学) neurologicallinguistics,(神经语言学) mathematicallinguistics,(数字语言学)and computationallinguistics.(计算机语言学)3/Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics¢语言学研究中的几对基本概念Prescrip
6、tiveanddescriptive¢描写与规定¢Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe descriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobe prescriptive.¢Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.¢T
7、raditionalgrammarisprescriptivewhilemodernlinguisticsisdescriptive.¢Thetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritis“correct”ornot.Synchronicanddiachronic¢共时和历时¢Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa synchronicstudy;thedescriptiono
8、falanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa diachronicstudy.Inmodernlinguistics,synchronicstudyismoreimportant.Speechandwriting¢口头语与
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