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1、美国总统JamesMadisonJamesMadison4thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesInofficeMarch4,1809 –March4,1817VicePresidentGeorgeClintonElbridgeGerryPrecededbyThomasJeffersonSucceededbyJamesMonroe5thUnitedStatesSecretaryofStateInofficeMay2,1801 –March3,1809PresidentThomasJeffersonPrecededbyJohnMarshallSucc
2、eededbyRobertSmithMemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesfromVirginia's15thdistrictInofficeMarch4,1793 –March3,1797PrecededbyConstituencyestablishedSucceededbyJohnDawsonMemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesfromVirginia's5thdistrictInofficeMarch4,1789 –March3,1793PrecededbyConstituencyest
3、ablishedSucceededbyGeorgeHancockPersonaldetailsBornMarch16,1751(1751-03-16)PortConway,VirginiaColonyDiedJune28,1836(1836-06-28)(aged 85)Montpelier,Virginia,U.S.PoliticalpartyDemocratic-RepublicanPartySpouse(s)DolleyToddChildrenJohn(Stepson)AlmamaterPrincetonUniversityProfessionPlanterS
4、ignatureJamesMadison,Jr.(March16,1751 –June28,1836)wasanAmericanstatesmanandpoliticaltheorist.HewasthefourthPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1809–1817)andishailedasthe“FatheroftheConstitution”forbeingtheprimaryauthoroftheUnitedStatesConstitutionandtheauthoroftheUnitedStatesBillofRights.[1]Hi
5、scollaborationwithAlexanderHamiltonandJohnJayproducedtheFederalistPapers(1788),whichbecamethemostinfluentialexplanationanddefenseoftheConstitutionafteritspublication.Madison'smostdistinctivebeliefasapoliticaltheoristwastheprincipleofdividedpower.Madisonbelievedthat"parchmentbarriers"we
6、renotsufficienttoprotecttherightsofcitizens.Powermustbedivided,bothbetweenfederalandstategovernments(federalism),andwithinthefederalgovernment(checksandbalances)toprotectindividualrightsfromthetyrannyofthemajority.Madisonin1789becamealeaderinthenewHouseofRepresentatives,draftingmanybas
7、iclaws.Inoneofhismostfamousroles,hedraftedthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitutionandthusisknownasthe"FatheroftheBillofRights".[2]MadisonworkedcloselywiththePresidentGeorgeWashingtontoorganizethenewfederalgovernment.BreakingwithHamiltonandwhatbecametheFederalistpartyin1791,MadisonandTh
