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1、美国总统JamesMadisonJamesMadison4thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesInofficeMarch4,1809 –March4,1817VicePresidentGeorgeClintonElbridgeGerryPrecededbyThomasJeffersonSucceededbyJamesMonroe5thUnitedStatesSecretaryofStateInofficeMay2,1801 –March3,1809PresidentThomasJeffersonPrecededbyJohnMarshallS
2、ucceededbyRobertSmithMemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesfromVirginia's15thdistrictInofficeMarch4,1793 –March3,1797PrecededbyConstituencyestablishedSucceededbyJohnDawsonMemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesfromVirginia's5thdistrictInofficeMarch4,1789 –March3,1793PrecededbyConstitue
3、ncyestablishedSucceededbyGeorgeHancockPersonaldetailsBornMarch16,1751(1751-03-16)PortConway,VirginiaColonyDiedJune28,1836(1836-06-28)(aged 85)Montpelier,Virginia,U.S.PoliticalpartyDemocratic-RepublicanPartySpouse(s)DolleyToddChildrenJohn(Stepson)AlmamaterPrincetonUniversityProfessio
4、nPlanterSignatureJamesMadison,Jr.(March16,1751 –June28,1836)wasanAmericanstatesmanandpoliticaltheorist.HewasthefourthPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1809–1817)andishailedasthe“FatheroftheConstitution”forbeingtheprimaryauthoroftheUnitedStatesConstitutionandtheauthoroftheUnitedStatesBillof
5、Rights.[1]HiscollaborationwithAlexanderHamiltonandJohnJayproducedtheFederalistPapers(1788),whichbecamethemostinfluentialexplanationanddefenseoftheConstitutionafteritspublication.Madison'smostdistinctivebeliefasapoliticaltheoristwastheprincipleofdividedpower.Madisonbelievedthat"parch
6、mentbarriers"werenotsufficienttoprotecttherightsofcitizens.Powermustbedivided,bothbetweenfederalandstategovernments(federalism),andwithinthefederalgovernment(checksandbalances)toprotectindividualrightsfromthetyrannyofthemajority.Madisonin1789becamealeaderinthenewHouseofRepresentativ
7、es,draftingmanybasiclaws.Inoneofhismostfamousroles,hedraftedthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitutionandthusisknownasthe"FatheroftheBillofRights".[2]MadisonworkedcloselywiththePresidentGeorgeWashingtontoorganizethenewfederalgovernment.BreakingwithHamiltonandwhatbecametheFederalistparty
8、in1791,MadisonandTh
