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1、TheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovementTheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovement(1955–1968)referstothemovementsintheUnitedStatesaimedatoutlawingracialdiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericansandrestoringSuffrageinSouthernstates.RosaParksDorothyHeightMartinLutherKing,Jr.RosaLouiseM
2、cCauleyParks(February4,1913–October24,2005)wasanAfricanAmericancivilrightsactivistwhomtheU.S.Congresslatercalledthe"MotheroftheModern-DayCivilRightsMovement."OnDecember1,1955.inMontgomery,Alabama,Parks,age42,refusedtoobeybusdriverJamesBlake'sorderthatshegiveupherseattomake
3、roomforawhitepassenger.Heractionwasnotthefirstofitskind:IreneMorganin1946,andSarahLouiseKeysin1955,hadwonrulingsbeforetheU.S.SupremeCourtandtheInterstateCommerceCommissionrespectivelyintheareaofinterstatebustravel.NinemonthsbeforeParksrefusedtogiveupherseat,15-year-oldClau
4、detteColvinrefusedtomovefromherseatonthesamebussystem.Butunlikethesepreviousindividualactionsofcivildisobedience,Parks'actionsparkedtheMontgomeryBusBoycott.Parks'actofdefiancebecameanimportantsymbolofthemodernCivilRightsMovementandParksbecameaninternationaliconofresistance
5、toracialsegregation.Sheorganizedandcollaboratedwithcivilrightsleaders,includingboycottleaderMartinLutherKing,Jr.,helpingtolaunchhimtonationalprominenceinthecivilrightsmovement.DorothyIreneHeight(March24,1912–April20,2010)wasanAmericanadministrator,educator,andsocialactivis
6、t.ShewasthepresidentoftheNationalCouncilofNegroWomenforfortyyears,andwasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomin1994,andtheCongressionalGoldMedalin2004.HeightstartedworkingasacaseworkerwiththeNewYorkCityWelfareDepartmentand,attheageoftwenty-five,shebeganacareerasacivilrights
7、activistwhenshejoinedtheNationalCouncilofNegroWomen.ShefoughtforequalrightsforbothAfricanAmericansandwomen,andin1944shejoinedthenationalstaffoftheYWCA.ShealsoservedasNationalPresidentofDeltaSigmaThetaSororityfrom1946to1957.SheremainedactivewithDeltaSigmaThetaSororitythough
8、toutherlife.Whilethereshedevelopedleadershiptrainingprogramsandinterracialandecumenicaled
