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1、TheCivilRightMovement--------aboutAmericabyXudongmeiAbookleadstoawarUncleTom'sCabinisananti-slaverynovelbyAmericanauthorHarrietBeecherStowe.Publishedin1852,thenovel"helpedlaythegroundworkfortheCivilWar",accordingtoWillKaufman.Stowe,aConnecticut-bornteacherattheHartfordFemaleAc
2、ademyandanactiveabolitionist,featuredthecharacterofUncleTom,along-sufferingblackslavearoundwhomthestoriesofothercharacters—bothfellowslavesandslaveowners—revolve.ThesentimentalnoveldepictstherealityofslaverywhilealsoassertingthatChristianlovecanovercomesomethingasdestructiveas
3、enslavementoffellowhumanbeings.AmericaCivilWarTheAmericanCivilWar(1861–1865),alsoknownastheWarBetweentheStatesandseveralothernames,wasacivilwarintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ElevenSouthernslavestatesdeclaredtheirsecessionfromtheU.S.andformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica(theConfede
4、racy).LedbyJeffersonDavis,theyfoughtagainsttheU.S.federalgovernment(the"Union"),whichwassupportedbyallthefreestatesandthefiveborderslavestates.Inthepresidentialelectionof1860,theRepublicanParty,ledbyAbrahamLincoln,hadcampaignedagainsttheexpansionofslaverybeyondthestatesinwhich
5、italreadyexisted.TheRepublicanvictoryinthatelectionresultedinsevenSouthernstatesdeclaringtheirsecessionfromtheUnionevenbeforeLincolntookofficeonMarch4,1861.BoththeoutgoingandincomingU.S.administrationsrejectedsecession,regardingitasrebellion.TheAmericanCivilWarwasthedeadliestw
6、arinAmericanhistory,causing620,000soldierdeaths,andanundeterminednumberofciviliancasualties,endingslaveryintheUnitedStates,restoringtheUnion,andstrengtheningtheroleofthefederalgovernment.Thesocial,political,economicandracialissuesofthewardecisivelyshapedthereconstructioneratha
7、tlastedto1877,andcontinueintothe21stcentury.somepicturesaboutcivilwarsomefightformaterial,whileothersaredesireforfreedomandhumanright.LincolnOnAug.30,1861,Maj.Gen.JohnC.Frémont,commanderoftheUnionWesternDepartmentinSt.Louis,issuedaproclamationofmartiallaw.“Allpersonswhoshallbe
8、takenwitharmsintheirhands,”heannounced,“shallbetriedbycourt-m
