球面系统厚透镜与薄透镜

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1、ChapterⅢsphericalsystemythinlensesandthicklenses球面系统厚透镜与薄透镜§3.1Focalpointandfocallength焦点与焦距§3.2Lensformulaforthinlens薄透镜公式§3.3Thicklens厚透镜§3.4Sphericalmirror球面反射镜SeveralstandardformsoflensPositive:thickeratthecenterEqui-convexplane-convexpositivemeniscusNeg

2、ative:thinneratthecenterEqui-concaveplane-concavenegativemeniscus§3.1FocalpointandfocallengthrealfocusDivergingraysfromFarerefractedintoabeamparalleltoaxis.virtualfocusConvergingraystowardF.Parallelincidentbeamisrefracted,convergeintoF’.Divergeasifitcomefrom

3、F’FocalpointandfocallengthF:primaryfocalpointf:primaryfocallengthF’:secondaryfocalpointf’:secondaryfocallength1、Imageformationrealimageandvirtualimage＊GraphicalconstructionSharplyrealimagecanbeformedonthescreen.Virtualimagecanbeseenbyhuman,butitcannotberecor

4、ded.Becauserefractedraysdonotcomefrom,onlyappeartodoso.1、ConjugatepointsandplanesPrincipleofthereversibilityoflightraysifwereanobject,animagewouldbeformedat.Theobjectandimageareinterchangeableorconjugate():arecalledconjugatepoints.Theplanethroughthesepointsp

5、erpendiculartotheaxisarecalledconjugateplane.2、Calculationmethodfrom2.1:Gaussianformulaforasinglesphericalsurface:object(image)distanceIfor4、GraphicalconstructionsTheparallel–raymethod①TheraysfromobjectpointBtravelingparalleltoopticalaxiswillberefractedtopas

6、sthroughF’.②TheraysBCpassthroughthecenterofcurvatureisun-deviated,becauseitisinlineandCisnodalpoint.③ThetworaysaresufficienttolocatethetipoftheimageatB’.④TherayswhichpassthroughFwillberefractedparalleltotheopticalaxis.5、Oblique-raymethodsMethods1:AM:represen

7、tanyrayincidentonthesurface.①ThroughthecenterofC,Adashedlineisdraw,paralleltoAM,CrossesthesecondaryfocalplaneatN,②ThelineMNisrefractedray,itcrossestheaxisofA’.Methods2:Fromsimilartriangles(p53)6、MagnificationofsphericalsurfaceLateralmagnification:theratiobet

8、weentransversedimensionofthefinalimageandthecorrespondingdimensionoftheoriginalobject.＊ifispositive,imageiserectandvirtual＊ifisnegative,imageisinverted(inverse)andreal.7、Reducedconvergence＊Recip