城市的陌生人：中国的户口和城市居民[外文翻译]

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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：StrangersintheCity:TheHuKouandUrbanCitizenshipinChinaPeterW.Mackenzie“Evenasmigrants’hukoustatusexcludesthemfrommanyoftheentitlementsprovidedbythestate,theyalsoenjoygreaterautonomyfromstatecontrolthananyothergroupwithinChinesesociety”OnNationalDay(1October)2001,china’sgovernment

2、announcedthatitwouldeasetherestrictionsofthehukou,orhouseholdregistrationsystem,andthatitplannedtoabolishthesystemwithinfiveyears.Thehukou,whichbindsChinesepeopletotheirplacesofbirth,maybereasonablydescribedasthebroadestexperimentinpopulationcontrolinhumanhistory.Itsabolitionwouldindeliblyaffect

3、thelivesofhundredsofmillionsofChinesepeasantswhoseexclusionfromChina’seconomicboomhasledthemtoseekbetteropportunitiesincinties.Thehukou,introducedduringthefirstdecadeofPeople’sRepublicofChina,institutionalizesthedenialofbasicrightsandservicestoChina’sso-calledfloatingpopulationof150millionrural-

4、to-urbanmigrantlaborers.Underthehukousystem,ruralmigrantsinthecitiesareforbiddentoownland,barredfromthemostpromisingjobsandunabletoaccessthesubsidizededucationandmedicalcaretowhichurbanresidengtsareentitled.AlthoughtheabundantandcheaplaborprovidedbymigrantshasfueledthedizzyinglyrapidgrowthofChin

5、a’surbaneconimy,thesemigrantsremainadriftbetweenthepovertyofruralexistenceandteunattainableprivilegesofurbancitizenship.Theyareaclassofstrangersinthecity,largelyinvisibletocityplannersandofendisdainedbypremanentresidents.TointegratetheseoutsidersintoChina’surbancitizenrywithoutunleashingsnewthre

6、atstostabilityisoneofthegreatestchallengesanewgenerationofChineseleaderswillface.YEARSOFCONTROLBeforetheimplementationin1953ofChina’sfirstfive-yeareconomicplan,Chinesecitizenswereallowedtotravelandchangetheirresidencefreely,providedtheyregisteredthemovewiththePublicSecurityBureau.Thisregistratio

7、nsystemwasusedchieflytomonitorchangesinpopulationdistribution,andthestatemadelittleattempttostemthemovementoflaborfromthecountrysidetothecity.Withthedevelopmentintheearly1950soflabor-intensiveheavyindustries,30millionruralla