资源描述：
《城市的陌生人：中国的户口和城市居民【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：StrangersintheCity:TheHuKouandUrbanCitizenshipinChinaPeterW.Mackenzie“Evenasmigrants’hukoustatusexcludesthemfrommanyoftheentitlementsprovidedbythestate,theyalsoenjoygreaterautonomyfromstatecontrolthananyothergroupwithinChinesesociety”OnNationalDay(1October)20
2、01,china’sgovernmentannouncedthatitwouldeasetherestrictionsofthehukou,orhouseholdregistrationsystem,andthatitplannedtoabolishthesystemwithinfiveyears.Thehukou,whichbindsChinesepeopletotheirplacesofbirth,maybereasonablydescribedasthebroadestexperimentinpopulationcontrolinhuman
3、history.ItsabolitionwouldindeliblyaffectthelivesofhundredsofmillionsofChinesepeasantswhoseexclusionfromChina’seconomicboomhasledthemtoseekbetteropportunitiesincinties.Thehukou,introducedduringthefirstdecadeofPeople’sRepublicofChina,institutionalizesthedenialofbasicrightsandse
4、rvicestoChina’sso-calledfloatingpopulationof150millionrural-to-urbanmigrantlaborers.Underthehukousystem,ruralmigrantsinthecitiesareforbiddentoownland,barredfromthemostpromisingjobsandunabletoaccessthesubsidizededucationandmedicalcaretowhichurbanresidengtsareentitled.Althought
5、heabundantandcheaplaborprovidedbymigrantshasfueledthedizzyinglyrapidgrowthofChina’surbaneconimy,thesemigrantsremainadriftbetweenthepovertyofruralexistenceandteunattainableprivilegesofurbancitizenship.Theyareaclassofstrangersinthecity,largelyinvisibletocityplannersandofendisda
6、inedbypremanentresidents.TointegratetheseoutsidersintoChina’surbancitizenrywithoutunleashingsnewthreatstostabilityisoneofthegreatestchallengesanewgenerationofChineseleaderswillface.YEARSOFCONTROLBeforetheimplementationin1953ofChina’sfirstfive-yeareconomicplan,Chinesecitizensw
7、ereallowedtotravelandchangetheirresidencefreely,providedtheyregisteredthemovewiththePublicSecurityBureau.Thisregistrationsystemwasusedchieflytomonitorchangesinpopulationdistribution,andthestatemadelittleattempttostemthemovementoflaborfromthecountrysidetothecity.Withthedevelop
8、mentintheearly1950soflabor-intensiveheavyindustries,30millionruralla
