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1、毕业设计/论文外文文献翻译院系城市建设学院专业班级土木工程0803姓 名胡求实原文出处EnglishforCivilEngineering评分指导教师华中科技大学武昌分校20年月日5RoadEngineeringWhenwespeedalongamodernhighway,werarelystoptothinkwhatitisweareridingon.Inorderthateconomicactivitycantakeplace,people,goodsandmaterialsmustmovefromplacetoplace.Thenece
2、ssarymovementhastosomeextentalwaysbeenpossible,butthegrowthineconomicactivityplaceddemandsonthetransportsystem.Thissystemdevelopedtomeetthenewneedsmuchmorerapidlythanithadpreviously,theeconomyexpandedfurther,generatingmoretraffic,andinthisinteractivewaywereproducedcanalsand
3、turnpikeroads,thenrailwaysandmostlatterlyanetworkofmodernroads.Almostallroadsarebuiltintwoormorelayers,orcourses,ofrocksorstone.Thebottomlayeris10or20centimetersthickandusuallymadeupoflargerstones.Theuppercoursehassmallerstonesandisabout8cmthick.Thesurfacelayerofroadmustwit
4、hstandtheweightofheavyvehicles.Itmustalsopreventwaterfromseepingintotheroadbedanddestroyingit.HowIsaModernRoadBuiltThefirststepinbuildingaroadistoplantheroute,andsometimestheroutehasbeendecidedbythenatureoftheland.Thenthedetailsareplanned:thewidthofthehighway,thenumberofdri
5、vinglanes,thenumberandlocationofentrancesandexits,andtheessentialstrengthoftheroad.Allthesedependontheamountoftrafficthatisexpected.Modernroadsareusuallyplannedforthenext20years'traffic.Thenextstepisthetestingoftheearthfoundationonwhichtheroadistorest.Engineerscarefullystud
6、ythesoiltolearnhowsoliditis,howmuchmoistureitcontains,andhowwellitdrains.Thentheydecidehowthesoilshouldbepreparedandpackedtoprovideagood,sturdyfoundation,orroadbed.Properdrainageisessentialinroadbuilding,becauseifthefoundationbecausesoggy,theheavyroadwouldsinkintoit.Andifth
7、ewaterweretofreezeintheground,itwouldexpandandcracktheroad.Therearetwobasicstepsinthesolutionofsurface-drainageproblems:hydrologicanalysisandhydraulicdesign.Agooddrainagedesigninvolvesanaccuratepredictionofthemagnitudesofpeakratesofrunoff.2Aclosecorrelation5betweenthesetwob
8、asicpartsisnecessaryinordertoarriveatabalanceddesignwherebycostscanbeweighedagains
