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1、毕业设计/论文外文文献翻译院系城市建设学院专业班级土木工程0803姓 名胡求实原文出处EnglishforCivilEngineering评分指导教师华中科技大学武昌分校20年月日5RoadEngineeringWhenwespeedalongamodernhighway,werarelystoptothinkwhatitisweareridingon.Inorderthateconomicactivitycantakeplace,people,goodsandmaterialsmustmovefromplacetoplace.Thenecessarymovement
2、hastosomeextentalwaysbeenpossible,butthegrowthineconomicactivityplaceddemandsonthetransportsystem.Thissystemdevelopedtomeetthenewneedsmuchmorerapidlythanithadpreviously,theeconomyexpandedfurther,generatingmoretraffic,andinthisinteractivewaywereproducedcanalsandturnpikeroads,thenrailways
3、andmostlatterlyanetworkofmodernroads.Almostallroadsarebuiltintwoormorelayers,orcourses,ofrocksorstone.Thebottomlayeris10or20centimetersthickandusuallymadeupoflargerstones.Theuppercoursehassmallerstonesandisabout8cmthick.Thesurfacelayerofroadmustwithstandtheweightofheavyvehicles.Itmustal
4、sopreventwaterfromseepingintotheroadbedanddestroyingit.HowIsaModernRoadBuiltThefirststepinbuildingaroadistoplantheroute,andsometimestheroutehasbeendecidedbythenatureoftheland.Thenthedetailsareplanned:thewidthofthehighway,thenumberofdrivinglanes,thenumberandlocationofentrancesandexits,an
5、dtheessentialstrengthoftheroad.Allthesedependontheamountoftrafficthatisexpected.Modernroadsareusuallyplannedforthenext20years'traffic.Thenextstepisthetestingoftheearthfoundationonwhichtheroadistorest.Engineerscarefullystudythesoiltolearnhowsoliditis,howmuchmoistureitcontains,andhowwelli
6、tdrains.Thentheydecidehowthesoilshouldbepreparedandpackedtoprovideagood,sturdyfoundation,orroadbed.Properdrainageisessentialinroadbuilding,becauseifthefoundationbecausesoggy,theheavyroadwouldsinkintoit.Andifthewaterweretofreezeintheground,itwouldexpandandcracktheroad.Therearetwobasicste
7、psinthesolutionofsurface-drainageproblems:hydrologicanalysisandhydraulicdesign.Agooddrainagedesigninvolvesanaccuratepredictionofthemagnitudesofpeakratesofrunoff.2Aclosecorrelation5betweenthesetwobasicpartsisnecessaryinordertoarriveatabalanceddesignwherebycostscanbeweighedagains
