英语国家概况——名词解释

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1、TheCollectionoftheImportantTerms(1-34)1.Commonwealth：ItisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Ithasnospecialpowers.Andthenationsareunitedbecauseofeconomicreasons.UndertheCommonwealth,thenationsdevelop.2.TheChunnel：In1985theBritishgovernmentandFrench

2、governmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnel,whichiscalled“Chunnel”,undertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.TheChunnelwasopentotrafficinMay1994.3.Cockney：ItreferstothepersonfromtheEastofLondon.HeisaLondonerwhoisbornwithinthesoundofBowBell.Hehasaspecialac

3、centinhisspeech.4.Eisteddfod：EisteddfodistheWelshwordfor“sitting”NationalEidteddfodisthemostfamousfestivalofmusicandverseinWales.IttakesplaceeachAugustandlastsforaboutaweek.ThehighlightofthefestivaliscompetitionforthebestepicpoemaboutWaleswrittenandreadinWelsh.ThewinneriscrownedB

4、oard,consideredthesupremehonourinWales.InthiswaytheWelshpeoplekeeptheWelshlanguageandculturealive.5.Stonehenge：ItisagroupofhugemonumentsofgrantrockSlabsonsalisburyplaininSouthwestEnglandbuiltaslongagoastheNewStoneAge.Itisgenerallybelievedthatstonehengeservedsomesortofreligiouspur

5、poses.6.BeakerFolk：theywerethepeoplecametoBritainfromcentralEuropeatabout2000BC.Theyweresocalledbecausetheywerefondofdrinkingandburiedthemselvesinthebell-shapedbeercontainer.Theydevelopedtheirownfarmingsociety.7.TheCelts：TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGa

6、les,thesecondwaveweretheBrythonsandtheBelgaecameabout150BC.TheCeltswerepractisedfarmers.TheCeltictribesareancestorsoftheHighlandScots,theIrishandtheWelsh,AndtheirlanguagesarethebasisofbothWelshandGaelic.TheyreligionwasDruidism.8.St.Augustine：In597,PopeGregoryIsentSt.Augustine,the

7、PriorofSt.Andrew’sMonasteryinRome,toEnglandtoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity.Thatyear,St.AugustinebecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterbury.Augustinewasremarkablysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility,buttheconversionofthecommonpeoplewaslargelyduetothemissionaryactivitieso

8、fthemonksinthenorth.9.AlfredtheGreat：Hew