英语国家概况名词解释英国篇[1]

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1、英国部分Chapter1Officialname官方名称：TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.BritishEmpire大英帝国：Aboutahundredyearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthoftheworld’speopleandonefourthoftheworld’slandarea.However,thetwow

2、orldwarsgreatlyweakenedBritain.TheBritishcoloniesbecameindependentoneafteranother.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappearedanditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthin1931.CommonwealthofNations/theBritishCommonwealth英联邦：It’safreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwas

3、establishedin1931,replacingtheformerBritishEmpire.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpower.ThedecisiontobecameamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.Atpresentthereare50membercountrieswithintheCommonwealth.Chapter2Hepta

4、rchy七王国：DuringtheAnglo—Saxon’stime,Britainwasdividedintomanykingdoms.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.TheyweregiventhenameofHeptarchy.AlfredtheGreat亚尔弗雷得大帝：AlfredwastheKingofWessex,whowasstrongenoughtodefeattheinvadingDanesandreachedafri

5、endlyagreementwiththem.Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.Heestablishedschoolsandformulatedalegalsystem.HetranslatedbooksfromLatinintoEnglish.WilliamtheConqueror征服者威廉：HewasalsoknownasWilliam,DukeofNormandy.In1066,hei

6、nvadedEngland,defeatedandkilledHaroldnearHastingsinSussexandconqueredEngland.HeconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.Chapter3DomesdayBook末日审判书：It’sabookcompiledbyagro

7、upofclerksunderthesponsorshipofKingWilliamtheFirstin1086.Thebookwasinfactapropertyrecord.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEngland.Itrecordedtheextent,value,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItwasoneoftheimportantmeasuresadoptedbyWilliamItoestablishtheful