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1、RequirementsPhaseThechancesofaproductbeingdevelopedontimeandwithinbudgetaresomewhatslimunlessthemembersofthesoftwaredevelopmentteamagreeonwhatthesoftwareproductwilldo.Thefirststepinachievingthisunanimityistoanalyzetheclient’scurrentsituationaspreciselya
2、spossible.Forexample,itisinadequatetosay,“Theyneedacomputer-aideddesignsystembecausetheyclaimtheirmanualdesignsystem,thereislousy.“Unlessthedevelopmentteamknowsexactlywhatiswrongwiththecurrentmanualsystem,thereisahighprobabilitythataspectsofthenewcomput
3、erizedsystemwillbeequally“lousy.“Similarly,ifapersonalcomputermanufactureriscontemplatingdevelopmentofanewoperatingsystem,thefirststepistoevaluatethefirm’scurrentoperatingsystemandanalyzecarefullyexactlywhyitisunsatisfactory.Totakeanextremeexample,itisv
4、italtoknowwhethertheproblemexistsonlyinthemindofthesalesmanager,whoblamestheoperatingsystemforpoorsales,orwhetherusersoftheoperatingsystemarethoroughlydisenchantedwithitsfunctionalityandreliability.Onlyafteraclearpictureofthepresentsituationhasbeengaine
5、dcantheteamattempttoanswerthecriticalquestion,Whatmustthenewproductbeabletodo?Theprocessofansweringthisquestioniscarriedoutduringtherequirementsphase.Acommonlyheldmisconceptionisthat,duringtherequirementsphase,thedevelopersmustdeterminewhatsoftwarethecl
6、ientwants.Onthecontrary,therealobjectiveoftherequirementsphaseistodeterminewhatsoftwaretheclientneeds.Theproblemisthatmanyclientsdonotknowwhattheyneed.Furthermore,evenaclientwhohasagoodideaofwhatisneededmayhavedifficultyinaccuratelyconveyingtheseideasto
7、thedevelopers,becausemostclientsarelesscomputerliteratethanthemembersofthedevelopmentteam.Toelicittheclient’sneeds,themembersoftherequirementsteammustbefamiliarwiththeapplicationdomain,thatis,thegeneralareainwhichtheproposedsoftwareproductistobeused.For
8、example,itisnoteasytoaskmeaningfulquestionsofabankeroranursewithoutfirstacquiringsomefamiliaritywithbankingornursing.Therefore,oneoftheinitialtasksofeachmemberoftherequirementsanalysisteamistoacquirefamiliaritywiththeapplicationd
