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1、生态景观设计的原则PrinciplesofEcologicalLandscapeDesign学部（院）：建筑与艺术学院专业：艺术设计（环境艺术设计）学生姓名：学号：指导教师：完成日期：4ComplexCreations:DesigningandManagingEcosystemsAdragonflyflitsoverthesun-mirroredsurfaceofapond,snappingathatchingmosquitoesbeforecom-ingtorestonanoverhangingrush.Thisisanecosystem:animals,plants,andtheirphysi
2、calenviron-mentlinkedtogetherintheexchangeofenergyandmaterials.Ifthiswereourpond,ourecosystem,wewouldhaveitall:abeautifullandscapefeature,enlivenedbycreaturesweneverhadtocarefor,andhassle-freepestcontrol.Ecosystemslikethisponddoquiet,crucialwork,keepingalivethebiosphereofwhichweareapart.Wheresuchana
3、turalpond,oraforestorfloodplain,exists,itbehoovesustoprotectit.Whereonehasbeendegraded,wewouldbewellservedtorestoreit(seechap.10).Butwheresuchecosystemshavebeenplowedunderorpavedover,wecanendeavortoreplacethembyfillingthebuiltenvironmentnotjustwithlawnsandplazasandfountainsbutwithecosystems.Anecosyste
4、mconsistsofallofthelivingorganismsinanareaalongwiththeirphysicalenviron-ment,anditspropertiesarisefromtheinteractionsbetweenthesecomponents.Anoceanbayisanecosystem,asisanalpinemeadoworagreenroof.Perhapsbecauseoftheirclearboundaries,lakesandstreamswereimportantobjectsofstudyinthedevelopmentofecosyste
5、mecology.Wherebound-ariesarelessdistinct,thelimitsofanecosystemcanbedefined,evenarbitrarily,basedonthequestionanecologistisstudyingortheboundariesofadesigner’ssite.Designedlandscapesalreadybringtogetheramanipulatedphysicalenvironmentandlivingor-ganisms.Theydonotnecessarilyfunctionasnaturalecosystemsd
6、o,however.Theyaredisconnect-ed,toooftenwastefulanddemanding,orelsetheysimplyfailtothrive.Whenwesucceedincreat-ingintegratedecosystems,theresultscanberemarkable.Lifecanspringforth,almostunbidden.Wastescanbetransformedintoresources.Thevariousmembersofalivingcommunitycanreachatentativebalance.Thebuilte
7、nvironmentcanpurifywater,protectusfromfloods,andstrengthenoursenseofwell-being.T.Beck,PrinciplesofEcologicalLandscapeDesign,DOI10.5822/978-1-61091-199-3_4,©2013TravisBeckComplexCreations:DesigningandMa
