2014年职称英语考试综合类b级名师课堂：预测点题 阅读理解（一）

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1、预测点题阅读理解（一）本课知识点：1.文章背景分析2.文章和题目讲解3.知识点助记SpacinginAnimalsFlightDistanceAnyobservantpersonhasnoticedthatawildanimalwillallowamanorotherpotentialenemytoapproachonlyuptoagivendistancebeforeitflees.“Flightdistance”isthetermsusedforthisinterspeciesspacing.Asageneralrule,thereisapositiverelations

2、hipbetweenthesizeofananimalanditsflightdistance—thelargertheanimal,thegreaterthedistanceitmustkeepbetweenitselfandtheenemy.Anantelopewillfleewhentheenemyisasmuchasfivehundredyardsaway.Thewalllizard’sflightdistance,ontheotherhandisaboutsixfeet.Flightisthebasicmeansofsurvivalformobilecreature

3、s.CriticalDistanceCriticaldistanceapparentlyispresentwhereverandwheneverthereisaflightreaction.“Criticaldistance”includesthenarrowzoneseparatingflightdistancefromattackdistance.Alioninazoowillfleefromanapproachingmanuntilitmeetsabarrierthatitcannotovercome.Ifthemancontinuestheapproach,hesoo

4、npenetratesthelion'scriticaldistance,atwhichpointthecorneredlionreversesdirectionandbeginsslowlytostalktheman.SocialDistanceSocialanimalsneedtostayintouchwitheachother.Lossofcontactwiththegroupcanbefatalforavarietyofreasonsincludingexposuretoenemies.Socialdistanceisnotsimplythedistanceatwhi

5、chananimalwilllosecontactwithhisgroup—thatis,thedistanceatwhichitcannolongersee,hear,orsmellthegroup—itisratherapsychologicaldistance,oneatwhichtheanimalapparentlybeginstofeelanxiouswhenheexceedsitslimits.Wecanthinkofitasahiddenbandthatcontainsthegroup.Socialdistancevariesfromspeciestospeci

6、es.Itisquiteshort—apparentlyonlyafewyards—amongsomeanimals,andquitelongamongothers.Socialdistanceisnotalwaysrigidlyfixedbutisdeterminedinpartbythesituation.Whentheyoungofapesandhumansaremobilebutnotyetundercontrolofthemother'svoice,socialdistancemaybethelengthofherreach.Thisisreadilyobserve

7、damongthebaboonsinazoo.Whenthebabyapproachesacertainpoint,themotherreachesouttoseizetheendofitstailandpullitbacktoher.Whenaddedcontrolisneededbecauseofdanger,socialdistanceshrinks.Toshowthisinman,onehasonlytowatchafamilywithanumberofsmallchildrenholdingh