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1、ATTENTIONOVERRULESORIENTINGTOEMOTION26Feature-specificattentionallocationoverrulestheorientingresponsetoemotionalstimuliTomEveraert,AdriaanSpruyt,ValentinaRossi,GillesPourtois,andJanDeHouwerGhentUniversityAddresscorrespondenceto:TomEveraertDepartmentofPsychologyGhentUniversityHenriDunantla
2、an2B-9000Ghent,BelgiumTEL:++32-9-264-91-07FAX:++32-9-264-64-89E-mail:Tom.Everaert@UGent.beATTENTIONOVERRULESORIENTINGTOEMOTION26AbstractEmotionalstimuliaregenerallythoughttobeprocessedinanunconditionalfashion.Recentbehavioralstudiessuggest,however,thatemotionalstimulusprocessingiscriticall
3、ydependentonattentiontowardsemotionalstimulusfeatures.WesetouttotestthishypothesisusingEEGmeasurementsandamodifiedoddballparadigm.UnexpectedemotionalstimulievokedamplitudevariationsoftheP3a(anERPmarkerofattentionorienting)whenattentionwasdirectedtoemotionalstimuluspropertiesbutnotwhennon-e
4、motionalstimuluspropertieswereattendedto.Weconcludethatemotionalstimulusprocessingisnotunconditional,butdependentontop-downattentionalcontrol.ATTENTIONOVERRULESORIENTINGTOEMOTION26Feature-specificattentionallocationoverrulestheorientingresponsetoemotionalstimuliInlinewiththeassumptionthate
5、motionalstimuliareprocessedinanunconditional,bottom-upfashion(e.g.Vuilleumier,2005;Zajonc,1984),alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthattheemotionaltoneofastimuluscanexertaprofoundimpactonbothbehaviorandneuralactivity(Pourtoisetal.,inpress).Theamygdala,forinstance,reactsmoretoemotionalthantonon-
6、emotionalstimuli(LeDoux,2000;Phelps&LeDoux,2005;Morrisetal.,1998).Furthermore,theemotionaltoneofastimulusaffectsseveralERPcomponents(Olofssonetal.,2008)suchastheP1component,relatedtoearlyvisualprocessing(Smithetal.,2003),andtheP3acomponent,relatedtoattentionorienting(Campanella,Gaspard,eta
7、l.,2002).Moreover,sucheffectscanoccurevenwhentheemotionalstimulusispresentedoutsideofconsciousawareness(e.g.Gaillardetal.,2006;Kemp-Wheeler&Hill,1992;Öhmann&Soares,1998).Nevertheless,thereisalsoevidenceshowingthatemotionalstimulusprocessingcanbedisruptedunderc
