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1、40POPULATIONINERTIAANDITSSENSITIVITYTOCHANGESINVITALRATESORINITIALCONDITIONSDavidN.Koons1,2,RandallR.Holmes3,JamesB.Grand41AlabamaCooperativeFishandWildlifeResearchUnit,SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences,AuburnUniversity,AL36849-54182MaxPlanckInstituteforDemographicResear
2、ch,Konrad-ZuseStr.1,D-18057Rostock,Germany3DepartmentofMathematicsandStatistics,CollegeofScienceandMathematics,AuburnUniversity,AL36849-53104USGSAlabamaCooperativeFishandWildlifeResearchUnit,SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences,AuburnUniversity,AL36849-5418Currentcontactinf
3、ormationforcorrespondingauthor:DavidN.KoonsMaxPlanckInstituteKonrad-ZuseStr.1D-18057RostockGermanye-mail:Koons@demogr.mpg.dephone:49-381-2081-226fax:49-381-2081-52640Abstract.ManystudieshaveexaminedKeyfitz’spopulationmomentum,aspecialcaseofinertiainlong-termpopulationsizer
4、esultingfromdemographictransitiontothestationarypopulationgrowthrate.Yet,populationinertiacanbeproducedbyanydemographicperturbation(i.e.,notjustperturbationsthatproducestationarygrowth).Insightintoappliedpopulationdynamics,populationecology,andlifehistoryevolutionhasbeenga
5、inedusingperturbationanalysisofthepopulationgrowthrate.However,asimilar,generalizedframeworkforperturbationanalysisofpopulationinertiahasnotbeendeveloped.Wederivegeneralformulasforthesensitivityofpopulationinertiatochangeinanyvitalrateorinitialpopulationstructure.Theseform
6、ulasarereadilycomputable,andweprovideexamplesoftheirpotentialuseinlifehistoryandappliedstudiesofpopulations.Keywords:age;inertia;lifehistory;populationmomentum;populationstructure;sensitivity;stableequivalentratio.1.IntroductionPopulationsizeiscentraltothefieldsofdemograph
7、yandpopulationbiology.Demographersoftenstudypopulationsizebecauseitcanaffecteconomies,policy,socialdynamics,andevennaturalresourcesupplies(Bosetal.,1994;FischerandHeilig,1997;UnitedNations,2003).Biologistspayspecialattentiontopopulationsizewhentryingtounderstandecologicalp
8、rocesses,keepsmallpopulationsfromgoingextinct,controllingpestpopulations,andinmanagemento
