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《第九章 人类在自然界的位置（the ninth chapter is the position of human beings in nature）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第九章人类在自然界的位置（Theninthchapteristhepositionofhumanbeingsinnature）Theninthchapteristhepositionofhumanbeingsinnature.TheninthchapterisaboutthepositionofhumanbeingsinnatureI.thepositionofhumanbeingsinnatureObjectsinnaturecanbedividedintolivingthingsandnonlivingthin
2、gs.Organismsaremadeupofcellsandcharacterizedbymetabolism,growth,reproduction,geneticvariation,andadaptationtotheenvironment.Alargevarietyoforganismsshouldbestudiedandclassifiedfirst.Thebasicclassificationelementsarebounded,gates,classes,orders,families,genera,
3、andspecies.Aspeciesorspeciesisthebasicunitofclassification.Membersofthesamespeciescansuccessfullybreedfertileoffspring,butdifferentspeciesdonot.Thespeciesareclassifiedmainlyaccordingtomorphologicaldifferences.Organismscanbedividedintothreecategories:animals,pl
4、antsandmicroorganisms.AccordingtoLinNai(C.,Linnaeus)thefirsttaxonomyoforganismsdividedintotwomajorgroups:theanimalandvegetablekingdoms.Recently,theyhavebeendividedintosixgroups:virus,prokaryotes,eukaryotes,fungi,animalsandplants.Accordingtowhetherthereisnotoch
5、ordinthecentralaxisofthebody,theanimalkingdomisdividedintoinvertebrateandnotochordanimalsintwomajorcategories.Aphylumofthegenusnotochord.Thelattercanbedividedintomultiplesubdivisions.Amongthem,thereareanimalvertebraebelongingtothevertebrateintheaxisofthebody.V
6、ertebratacanbedividedintomanyclasses,yuanmerostomata,Pisces,Amphibia,Reptiliaandavesandmammalia.Eachclasscanbedividedintoseveralitems.Forexample,mammaliaInsectivora(ahedgehog),Proboscidea(elephants),primates.Eachitemcanbedividedintoseveralfamilies.Forexample,p
7、rimatesincludegibbons,orangutans,andfamilies.Therearemanygeneraineachfamily.Forexample,peoplecandividedintoAustralopithecusandhomo.Eachgenushasseveralspecies.Homoerectus,forexample,isahomoerectus(Homo,erectus)andHomosapiens(Homo,sapiens)twospecies.Accordingtot
8、henomenclaturegivenbyLinnaeus,thescientificnameofaspeciesisnamedafterLatin,consistingofthegenusname(thefirstlettermustbecapitalized)andthename(lowercase),whichisprintedinitalics.Th
