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1、THEHUMANUSEOFHUlIANBEINGSThisisoneofthefundamentaldocumentsofourtime,aperiodcharacterizedbytheconceptsof'information'and'communications'.NorbertWiener,achildprodigyandagreatmathematician,coinedtheterm'cybernetics'tocharacterizeaverygeneralscienceof'controlandcommunicat
2、ionintheanimalandmachine'.Itbroughttogetherconceptsfromengineering,thestudyofthenervoussystemandstatisticalmechanics(e.g.entropy).Fromthesehedevelopedconceptsthathavebecomepervasivethroughscience(especiallybiologyandcomputing)andcommonparlance:'information','message','f
3、eedback'and'control'.Hewrote,'thethoughtofeveryageisreflectedinitstechnique...Iftheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesaretheageofclocks,andthelatereighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesconstitutetheageofsteamengines,thepresenttimeistheageofcommunicationandcontrol.'Inthisvo
4、lumeNorbertWienerspellsouthistheoriesforthegeneralreaderandreflectsonthesocialissuesraisedbythedramaticallyincreasingroleofscienceandtechnologyinthenewage-theageinwhichwearenowdeeplyandproblematicallyembroiled.Hiscautionaryremarksareasrelevantnowastheywerewhenthebookfir
5、stappearedinthe1950s.NorbertWiener(1894-1964),ProfessorofMathematicsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyfrom1919onwards,wrotenumerousbooksonmathematicsandengineering.HavingdevelopedmethodsusefultothemilitaryduringWorldWarTwo,helaterrefusedtodosuchworkduringtheColdWar
6、,whileproposingnon-militarymodelsofcybernetics.THEHUMANUSEOFHUMANBEINGSCYBERNETICSANDSOCIETYNORBERTWIENERWithanewIntroductionbJ'Steve].HeimsFN'��associationinwhichthefreedevelopmentofeachistheconditionofthefreedevelopmentofall'FREEASSOCIATIONBDOKS/LONDON/1989'W,.·,
7、..O�mno.\"UN'1.JPublishedinGreatBritain1989byFreeAssociationBooks26FreegroveRoadLondonN79RQFirstpublished1950;1954,HoughtonMifflinCopyright,1950,1954byNorbertWienerIntroduction©SteveJ.Heims1989BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataWiener,Norbert,1894-1964Thehuman
8、useofhumanbeings:cyberneticsandsociety1.Cybernetics.SociologicalperspectivesI.Title306'.46ISBN1-85343-075-7Pri
