论庄子处世哲学的基本功──「忘」

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1、論莊子處世哲學的基本功──「忘」287國立高雄師範大學高雄師大學報2003,15,287-307論莊子處世哲學的基本功──「忘」]李若鶯摘要莊子哲學不是理論的思維哲學，而是實用的生活哲學，是經由觀照人生，思考存在本質，歸納出的性命對應。莊子提出的生命境界，不是高懸太空的彩虹，而是可透過修為履踐的風景。修為有進程，本文試圖由《莊子》篇章中，找尋層層引向高處的路轍。如果修為者由生到死，是「純淨－習染－剝除－復淨」的過程，「剝除」的過程就是「無」掉曾經的「習染」。「習染」的具體內容是求用的價值觀、擁有的心態、知識智慧的牽

2、累、形體存在的執著、物我人己的差別觀。「無掉」還是刻意的擦拭，「忘」才是不自覺的剝落。因此本文以「忘」為莊子生命修為的基本功，以「忘用」、「忘得」、「忘知」、「忘形」、「忘己」為修為的進境，提出逹到藝術人生的進路。關鍵詞：莊周、莊子、處世哲學、忘、忘用、忘得、忘知、忘形、忘己]國立高雄師範大學華語文教學研究所教授288高雄師大學報第十五期OntheBasicFeatofJuang-Tz’sPhilosophyinDealingwiththeWorld-“Forgetting”]Rou-YingLeeAbstract

3、ThephilosophyofJuang-Tszisnotatheoreticalcontemplativephilosophy;itisapracticalphilosophyforliving.Byreflectingonhumanlife,meditatingontheessenceofbeinghuman,Juang-Tszconcludedhisresponsetolife.Thestateoflife,Juang-Tszclaimed,isnottheloftyheightsofrainbowshang

4、inginthesky,butthebeautifulscenerythatonecanpicturethroughlearningandpractice.Learningandpracticehasagradualprocessin《Juang-Tsz》’stext,thisarticleaimstodocumentthisprocessanditsmanyphaseswhichleadtoessentialpurity.Peoplewhohavethewilltochangetheirlife(Juang-Ts

5、zcalledthemthe“Learners”)willexperiencethefourphases:purity,acquisition,purging,re-purification.“Purging”istheprocesswhich“erases”thatwhichhasbeengainedandlearned(the“acquisition”).“Acquisition”means“one’svaluesinpractice,theattitudeingeneral,theweightofknowle

6、dge,theaddictiontoexistingforms,andtheunevenjudgmentofoneselfandothers.”“Topurge”isaconsciousactofcleansing;onthecontrary,“toforget”isanunconsciouspurging.ThisarticleconsidersthataccordingtoJuang-Tsz’sphilosophy“forgetting”isthefundamentalprincipletopracticein

7、life,andtakes“forgettingtouse,forgettingtogain,forgettingtoknow,forgettingalltheforms,andforgettingyourself”astheseveralgradualphasesinprocessof“Learning”,thisisthewaytoachieveorenterlifeasanartform.Keywords:JuangJou;Juang-Tsz;philosophyoflife;forgettingtouse;

8、forgettingtogain;forgettingtoknow;forgettingalltheforms;forgettingyourself]AssociateProfessor,GraduateInstituteofTeachingChineseasasecondLanguage,NationalKaohsiungNormalUniversity.