a systematic comparison of organizational processes and performance 全面质量管理_tqm_英语论文

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1、3.1Benchmarking:isasystematiccomparisonoforganizationalprocessesandperformancetocreatenewstandardsortoimproveprocesses.Benchmarkingmodelsareusedtodeterminehowwellabusinessunit,division,organizationorcorporationisperformingcomparedwithothersimilarorganizations.Abenchm

2、arkisoftenusedforimprovingcommunication,professionalizingtheorganizationprocessesorforbudgetaryreasons.Thechartbelowshowstheprocessofbenchmarking:PoorqualityofteaCause&effectdiagrams:areoftencalledIshikawaandsometimesFishbonebecauseoftheirskeletalappearance.Theeffec

3、tisconsideredtobethehead,andpotentialcausesandsub-causesoftheproblem,orqualitycharacteristicconditiontobethebonestructureofthefish.AndtheyaretypicallyusedbyQCs.Hereisa4MdiagramexamplefortheHaomingTeaProductionLtdinmyhometown:MaterialsMethodRawteaStorageperiodSupervi

4、sionFreshnessBoardofthecompanyManagementFertilizerDecisionPoorteaqualityWorkersEmpowermentTrainingMachinesModernskillsComputeliseSkillsEquipmentTechnologyManpowerMachineryFlowdiagrams:isadiagrammaticrepresentationofthestepsinaprocesssequence.Itshowstheorderinwhichthe

5、separateoperationstakeplace,witheasilyrecognizedsymbolstoshowthenatureofeachoperation.Itisusedatthebeginningoftheprocess,andithelpstheindividualstounderstandhowtheprocessworks.Thechartbelowistheflowdiagramofball-pointpenassembly.Histograms:isawayofsummarizingdatathat

6、aremeasuredonanintervalscale(eitherdiscreteorcontinuous).Itisoftenusedinexploratorydataanalysistoillustratethemajorfeaturesofthedistributionofthedatainaconvenientform.Itdividesuptherangeofpossiblevaluesinadatasetintoclassesorgroups.Thechartbelowshowstheemployeestrain

7、ingscoresofacompanyfrom0to100frequencies:Paretodiagram:TheParetochartisaspecializedversionofahistogramthatranksthecategoriesinthechartfrommostfrequenttoleastfrequent.AParetoChartisusefulfornon-numericdata,suchas"cause","type",or"classification".Thistoolhelpstopriorit

8、izewhereactionandprocesschangesshouldbefocused.Ifoneistryingtotakeactionbaseduponcausesofaccidentsorevents,itisgenerallymosthelpful