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social assistance reform in post-economic crisis korea the policy-making process of the national basic livelihood security act

social assistance reform in post-economic crisis korea the policy-making process of the national basic livelihood security act

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时间：2018-03-22

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1、Socialassistancereforminpost-economiccrisisKorea:Thepolicy-makingprocessoftheNationalBasicLivelihoodSecurityActIn-YoungJungDepartmentofSocialPolicyandSocialWork,UniversityofYork,York,YO105DD,UnitedKingdom,Email:iyj100@york.ac.ukPaperpreparedfortheEastAsianSocialPolicyWorkshop:Transformationi

2、nEastAsianSocialPolicy,UniversityofBath,UK,13January–15January2005In1999,socialassistanceinSouthKoreawhichhadhadaPoorLawtraditionforaboutfortyyears,wasfinallyreformedandanewsocialassistancelawthatprotectsfundamentalhumanrights,wasenacted.Itisevaluatedasanepoch-makinglawelevatingthelevelofthe

3、Koreansocialwelfareone-step.Thisarticleexplicatesthedrivingforcesofthesocialassistancereforminpost-economiccrisisKorea,focusingontheenactmentprocessoftheNationalBasicLivelihoodSecurityAct.ThearticlearguesthatthedevelopmentofsocialassistancewasprimarilydrivenbyNGOstogetherwithpoliticalchange.

4、Changesintheeconomicenvironment,thatis,theoutbreakofthe1997economiccrisis,alsoplayedasupplementaryrole.Sincetheeconomiccrisisof1997,socialsecurityreformshavebeenexecutedinSouthKorea(hereafterKorea)and,inparticular,socialassistancewhichhadhadaPoorLawtraditionforoverthirty-fiveyears,wasfinally

5、reformedin1999.Asaconsequenceofsocialassistancereform,anewsocialassistancelaw,theNationalBasicLivelihoodSecurity(NBLS)Actof1999thatprotectsfundamentalhumanrights,wasenacted.Itisdesignedtosecureminimumstandardsoflivingtothoseeligibleregardlessoftheirageandabilitytowork.TheNBLSActisoftenreferr

6、edtoasrepresentativeofsocialsecurityreformsinKoreabecauseitisevaluatedasanepoch-makinglawelevatingtheleveloftheKoreansocialwelfareone-step.However,giventhatmostsocialpolicyinitiativesinKoreacamefromthetop(Ahn,2000;Kwon,H.,2003;Moon,2002)ratherthanfrombelow,itisquitenoteworthythatthelaw-makin

7、gprocessoftheNBLSActwasledbyNGOsandnotbythegovernmentadministration.Thisarticletherefore20intendstofocusonthepolicy-makingprocessoftheNBLSsystemandthedrivingforcesbehindthereformofsocialassistanceinKorea.Itbeginsbylookingatabriefhistoryofsocialassi

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