重庆市长寿区八校2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 Word版含解析.docx

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重庆市长寿区2023-2024学年上学期高一年级期末检测卷(B)英语试题第一部分听力(共两节;满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhichlanguagedoesTedspeakbest?A.German.B.French.C.Japanese.2.Whenwilltheman’sflighttakeoff?AAt11a.m.B.At11:20a.m.C.At1p.m.3.Wherearethespeakers?A.Intheirhome.B.Inanoffice.C.Inacafé.4.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Seethedoctor.B.Makeanappointment.C.Sitinthewaitingroom.5.Howmanyrightanswersdidthegirlhave?A.40.B.50.C.10.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisthemanprobably?A.Thewoman’sfriend.B.Thewoman’sfather.C.Thewoman’sbrother.7.Whatdoesthemanstillneed?A.Chips.B.Cheese.C.Somewine.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howlongdidthewomanhaveheroldcomputer?A.Abouttwoyears.B.Aboutthreeyears.C.Aboutfouryears. 9.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestabouthernewcomputer?A.Thescreen.B.Thebattery.C.Theweight.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdidthewomansayaboutthehandbag?A.Itcostherfiftydollars.B.Shepaidfullpriceforitlastmonth.C.Sheleftitsomewhereonthefifthfloor.11.Whatwasoneoftheitemsinthewoman’shandbag?A.Herpassport.B.Hercarkeys.C.Threehundreddollarscash.12.Whatdidthewomanwanttobuyaftersheleftthecafe?A.Somethingtoread.B.Somethingtoeat.C.Somethingtolistento.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthemanprefertodotofightoffacold?A.Getagoodlongsleep.B.Havesomehotwater.C.Seeadoctor.14.Whycan’tthewomanhavearestnow?A.Sheisbusycooking.B.Shehastoprepareforameeting.C.Sheiswaitingtotakesomemedicine.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecommoncold?A.Thereisnocureforit.B.Fitpeoplewon’tcatchit.C.Ittakesaboutthreedaystorecoverfromit.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinksheneedsintheend?A.Weeklyexercise.B.Goodmedicine.C.Healthyfood.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoweknowaboutthemathsclass?A.Itisthebiggestclass.B.Thereareexchangestudentsinit.C.Theteacherlikeswearingformalclothes.18.Howmanystudentsarethereinthespeaker’schemistryclass? A.20.B.23.C.30.19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofspeakingEnglish?A.Boring.B.Interesting.C.Hard.20.Whatisthespeaker’sfavouritesubject?A.Music.B.Science.C.Physics.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteeringisagreatwaytodevelopnewskills,gainexperienceandconnectwithothers.Ifyouareinterestedinvolunteering,herearesomerecommendedopportunities.DisabledPeople’sBuddyBecomeabuddytohelpyoungdisabledpeople.Youcandecidehowtospendyourtimetogether,whetherinanartexhibitionoralittleconcert,butremembertotakecareofhimorher.Wehopethatyouunderstandtheimportanceofprotectingpeople’sdignity,communicatewiththempatiently,anddevote3-4hourseveryweektotheprojectforatleastsixmonths.AppContentCreatorWe’remakinganapptopromoteprotectionofourplanetfromclimatechange.We’relookingforsomeonewhocaresabouttheclimatecrisisandusesonlinedesigntoolsskilfully.Ifyouareadmitted,youwillworkatleast4hoursperweekfromhometohelppublicizegreenliving,butyouwilllearnalotaboutmarketingandbrandbuilding.VolunteerMapEditorYourprimaryresponsibilityistoupdatestructuredataforTheNationalMapusingourmappingapp.Structuresincludeschools,hospitals,policestations,andotherimportantpublicbuildings.Sincethisisanongoingremotecomputer-basedactivity,youcanparticipatefromanywhereyouhavereliableInternetaccessifitsuitsyourschedule.CitizenTVVolunteerMakeachange-makingfeaturedocumentarywithus.Youwillresearch,film,andbringtolightsomeinspiringstoriesoverthepast160years.Nopriorskillsarerequired,andyouwillreceiveprofessionalcameratraining.Youwillworkfromdaytonight,sopleasegetyourbodyandmindprepared.1.Whatshouldyoudoasabuddyofdisabledpeople? A.Discovertheirartistictalents.B.Accompanythemwithrespect.C.Providethemwithmedicalcare.D.Developtheircommunicationskills.2.Howcanonebenefitfrombecominganappcontentcreator?A.Adoptahealthylifestyle.B.Promotepersonalbrands.C.Takeonlinedesigncourses.D.Acquiremarketingknowledge.3.Whichvolunteeropportunityisthemostflexibleintermsofworkingtime?A.DisabledPeople’sBuddy.B.AppContentCreator.C.VolunteerMapEditor.D.CitizenTVVolunteer.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了一些志愿活动项目。【1题详解】细节理解题，根据DisabledPeople’sBuddy中的“Wehopethatyouunderstandtheimportanceofprotectingpeople’sdignity,communicatewiththempatiently,anddevote3-4hourseveryweektotheprojectforatleastsixmonths.(我们希望你能理解保护人的尊严的重要性，耐心地与他们沟通，每周花3-4个小时在这个项目上，至少持续6个月)”可知，作为残疾人的朋友，应该带着尊重陪伴他们。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题，根据AppContentCreator中的“Ifyouareadmitted,youwillworkatleast4hoursperweekfromhometohelppublicizegreenliving,butyouwilllearnalotaboutmarketingandbrandbuilding.(如果你被录用，你将每周在家工作至少4个小时，以帮助宣传绿色生活，但你将学到很多关于市场营销和品牌建设的知识)”可知，成为应用程序内容创造者可以获得的好处是获取市场营销知识。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题，根据VolunteerMapEditor中的“Sincethisisanongoingremotecomputer-basedactivity,youcanparticipatefromanywhereyouhavereliableInternetaccessifitsuitsyourschedule.(由于这是一项基于远程计算机的活动，如果适合你的日程安排，你可以在任何有可靠互联网接入的地方参加)”以及与其他三个志愿活动的比较可知，VolunteerMapEditor志愿者的工作时间是最灵活的。故选C。BAyoungfamilywhohasnevercampedintheirlifehavesoldeverythingtheyowntostartatourofEuropeinamotorhome.Cheryl,33andJason,28,soldtheirhouse,quittheirjobsandditchedanormallifeforayearontheroad.WiththeireldestdaughterFlora,five,justayearawayfromstartingschool,thecoupledecideditwastimeto goonafamilyadventureacrossthecontinent.CherylteachesFlorawhiletheytraveltoprepareherforschoolnextyear.Thefamily,whichalsoincludetheirfour-year-olddaughterElsie,sonArchieanddogsPoppyandAngus,havebeenontheroadforaperiod.Cherylsaid,“nobodywoulddescribeusastypicaltravelers.We’dneverevenbeencampingbefore.Wetalkedforalongtimeaboutwantingtoseedifferentpartsoftheworld,butweneveractuallythoughtwewereactuallygoingto.OureldestchildisduetostartschoolthisAugust,soweputitoffbyoneyear.Wethought,‘ifwedon’tdoitthisyear,wemayneverwill.’MymomanddaddiedthisyearandafterthatIstartedtofeellifeistooshort.Wethoughttheremustbemoretolifethanworking,eatingandsleepingeveryday.”Themom-of-threestillcan’tquitebelievethey’reactuallydoingit.Afterall,ithappenedsofast.Shesaid,“WedecideditattheendofJune,soldourhouseinJuly,andthenwhenAugustcamearoundweboughtthemotorhouseandsetoff.”Despitebeinganxiousatfirst,withthefamilysometimesquarreling,Cherylthinksthetriphashelpedstrengthenfamilybonds.Shesaid,“Ifwehaveanargumentthereisnowheretohide.Youcan’tgointoyourroomandbeangry.Itmeansithastobedealtwiththereandthen,anditstaughtustobemoreopenwitheachotherasafamily.Everydayisqualityfamilytime.Wecouldn’tgetthatifwewerebackhomewithwork,schoolandnursery.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ditched”inParagraph1mean?A.gaveup.B.enjoyed.C.experienced.D.gottiredof.5.WhatdoesCherylthinkofthetravel?A.Itistooshort.B.Itistooexpensive.C.Itisfilledwithquarrels.D.Itisworthwhile.6.Whatisthepurposeofthefamilytrip?A.TohonorCheryl’sparents.B.Toexperiencemoreaboutlife.C.Topreparethekidsforschool.D.TogiveJasonabreakfromwork.7.Whatcanweinferaboutthefamily?A.They’reactuallytypicaltraveler.B.Theyhavespentyearspreparingforthetravel.C.Theybecomecloserasfamilymembers.D.Theywillhideawayfromeachotherwhenanargumenthappens.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Cheryl和Jason卖掉房子，辞掉工作，抛弃了自己正常的生活，选择在旅途中度过一年。文章介绍了他们对于这次旅行的目的、准备以及收获等。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Cheryl,33andJason,28,soldtheirhouse,quittheirjobsand”可知，33岁谢丽尔和28岁的杰森卖掉了房子，辞掉了工作，说明他们放弃了原来的正常生活，故划线词意思是“放弃”。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“MymomanddaddiedthisyearandafterthatIstartedtofeellifeistooshort.Wethoughttheremustbemoretolifethanworking,eatingandsleepingeveryday.(我的父母今年去世了，从那以后，我开始觉得生命太短暂了。我们认为生活中一定有比每天工作、吃饭和睡觉更重要的事情)”可知，谢丽尔觉得这次旅行是值得的。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Wetalkedforalongtimeaboutwantingtoseedifferentpartsoftheworld,butweneveractuallythoughtwewereactuallygoingto.(我们谈了很长时间，想看看世界上不同的地方，但我们从来没有想过我们真的会去)”可知，家庭旅行的目的是去体验更多的生活。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despitebeinganxiousatfirst,withthefamilysometimesquarreling,Cherylthinksthetriphashelpedstrengthenfamilybonds.(尽管一开始很焦虑，家人有时会争吵，但谢丽尔认为这次旅行有助于加强家庭关系)”可推知，这家人作为家庭成员变得更加亲密。故选C。CThissummermymomandIdidsomethingmeaningfulandinteresting.Becauseofthestressesofhighschool,Ifeltdepressedfromtimetotime.What’sworse,Ibegantoeatmanyjunkfoods.Asaresult,Ihadgainedalotofweight.Mymomdecidedtotakemetoworkout,andshecookeddeliciousbuthealthysnacksforme.However,Ibrokemywordtomymomnottobuyhighcaloriesnacks.Mymomfoundmysnackwrappersinthegarbage.ShegotreallyangryandtoldmesomethingIwillrememberforever.Shesaid,“Mydear,Icanforgetthefactthatyoucheated,butyoushouldn’t.Rememberit’snotallaboutlosingweightbutaboutyourwholelife.Ifyouwanttoachievesomething,takeitseriously,andpersist（坚持）nomatterwhathappens.”Sincethen,wehavebeenoutrunningeachmorning,andwedosomeyogaintheevening.Wesingandlaughwhilerunningalongtheemptyroads.Daybyday,Iamfeelingbetter.Exerciseishelpingtostrengthenmybodyandrefreshmyspirits.Atthesametime,mymomandIcookdifferentdishestogether.Isn’titamazingthatI’m makingsuchtasty-lookingfoodsmyself?Cookingbringsgreatjoytome.Thesetimeswithmymomhavechangedmywholeattitudetolife.Ihavestartedtolearntheimportanceofstickingtogoalsandhowtorelax.AsthefamousBraziliansoccerplayerPelesaid,“Withstrongwill,thefeetareequaltoapairofwings.”8.Whichoneisthemeaningfulthingthewriterdidthissummer?①Learningtomaketastyfoods.②Learningtopersist.③Givingupjunkfood.④Keepingrunning.⑤Playingsoccer.⑥Joininginasingingcompetition.A.①④B.①⑤C.③⑤D.②⑥9.Whatdoyouthinkofthemom?A.Modest.B.Humorous.C.Stubborn.D.Determined.10.Whichsentencehasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.B.Happinessliesfirstofallinhealth.C.Runningisman’sbestmedicine.D.Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies.11Theauthormainlyintendstotellus.A.beinghonestwithparentsisimportantB.exercisebuildsupourbodiesC.parentscanhaveagreateffectonchildrenD.cookingbringsgreatjoytome【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲了这个暑假作者和母亲在一起相处，使得作者对生活的态度有了很大的转变。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的wehavebeenoutrunningeachmorning,…Exerciseishelpingtostrengthenmybodyandrefreshmyspirits.…I‟mmakingsuchtasty-lookingfoodsmyself?Cookingbringsgreatjoytome….可知作者在这个夏天做的最有意义的事情是做美味食物和坚持跑步。故A项正确。【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段妈妈对作者说的话Ifyouwanttoachievesomething,takeitseriously,andpersist（坚持）nomatterwhathappens.可知作者的妈妈是一个坚定的人，故D项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的Ihavestartedtolearntheimportanceofstickingtogoalsandhowtorelax.及文章的主旨可知，划线句子（有了坚强的意志，双脚就等于一双翅膀）与A选项（有志者事竟成）的意思相近。故选择A选项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句Thesetimeswithmymomhavechangedmywholeattitudetolife.可知作者的母亲改变了他在生活上的态度，故作者想要告诉我们的是“父母对孩子们有很大的影响”故C项正确。DBirthdaysofteninvolvesurprises.Butthisyear’ssurpriseonthebirthdayofthegreatBritishplaywrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.ThismeansthatwenolongerhaveagoodideaofwhatShakespearelookedlike.“It’sverypossiblethatmanypicturesofShakespearemightbeunreliablebecausemanyofthemarecopiesofthisone,”saidanexpertfromBritain’sNationalPortraitGallery.ThediscoverycomesafterfourmonthsoftestingusingXrays,ultravioletlight,microphotographyandpaintsamples.Theexpertsfromthegallerysaytheimagecommonlyknownasthe“Flowerportrait”—wasactuallypaintedinthe1800s,abouttwocenturiesafterShakespeare’sdeath.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyalsousedmodemchemistrytechnologytocheckthepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.Shakespearediedin1616,andthedatethatappearsontheportraitis1609.“Wenowthinktheportraitdatesbacktoaround1818to1840.ThiswaswhentherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare’splays,”TarnyaCooper,thegallery’scurator(馆长),toldtheAssociatedPresident.Thefakepicturehasoftenbeenusedasacoverforcollectionsofhisplays.ItiscalledtheFlowerportraitbecauseoneofitsowners,DesmondFlower,gaveittotheRoyalShakespeareSCompany.“Therehavealwaysbeenquestionsaboutthepainting,”saidDavidHowells,curatorfortheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Nowweknowthetruth,wecanputtheimageinitsproperplaceinthehistoryofShakespeareanportraiture.”TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartoftheinvestigationandtheresultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth..12.WhatmakesthebirthdayofShakespearedramaticthisyear? A.Itwasfoundthathepaintedaportraitin1814insteadofin1609.B.TheFlowerportraithasbeenfoundtobeafake.C.ThreeportraitsofShakespearearebeingtestedtoidentifyarealone.D.ItwasfoundthattherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare’splaysaround1818to1840.13.Howmanymethodswereusedtotesttheportrait?A.Notmentioned.B.Two.C.Three.D.Atleastfour.14.Whichisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinthelastparagraph?A.Soonwe’llknowwhichportraitisreliable.B.MaybewecannotfindarealportraitofShakespeare.C.Ifthetwoportraitsarefoundtobefalse,theywilltestmore.D.FornowwhatShakespearereallylookedlikewillremainamystery.15.Thebesttitleforthispassageis.A.thesurpriseonthe441stbithdayofShakespeareB.birthdaysofteninvolvesurprisesC.oneportraitofShakespeareisafakeD.howcanweknowShakespeare’sappearance【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在莎士比亚的第441个周年纪念日中，专家们发现最具认可度的莎士比亚画像原来是假的，并讲述了理由及至少四种测量的方法。现如今，莎士比亚到底什么样子仍然是一个谜。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.(4月22日，也就是莎士比亚441岁生日的前一天，专家们发现，莎士比亚最知名的肖像之一是假的)”可知，今年莎士比亚的生日戏剧性之处在于他的一幅画像（“花朵肖像”）被发现是赝品。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThediscoverycomesafterfourmonthsoftestingusingXrays,ultravioletlight,microphotographyandpaintsamples.(这一发现是在经过四个月的X射线、紫外线、微缩摄影和油漆样品测试后得出的)”可知，经过四个月的x射线，紫外线，显微照相和油漆样本测试，这一发现得以证实。由此可知，至少有四种方法来检测这个画像。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartofthe investigationandtheresultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth.(作为调查的一部分，另外两幅莎士比亚的画像也正在研究中，结果将于本月晚些时候公布)”可知，此处内容应与莎士比亚的真实长相有关，因此选项D“FornowwhatShakespearereallylookedlikewillremainamystery.(但莎士比亚的真实长相至今仍是个谜)”符合句意。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Butthisyear’ssurpriseonthebirthdayofthegreatBritishplaywrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.(但今年英国伟大剧作家威廉·莎士比亚生日的惊喜无疑是最具戏剧性的之一。)”和第二段中“OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.(4月22日，也就是威廉·莎士比亚441岁生日的前一天，专家们发现他最容易辨认的肖像之一是一幅赝品。)”可知，本文主要讲述了威廉·莎士比亚在441岁生日的前一天他最容易辨认的肖像之一——花朵肖像——是一幅赝品，因此最佳的标题是选项A“thesurpriseonthe441stbithdayofShakespeare(莎士比亚441岁生日的惊喜)”。故选A项。第二节七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anearthquakecanstrikewithoutwarning.Butmanyinjuriesanddeathsfromthiskindofnaturaldisastercanbepreventedifpeoplefollowthesesafetytips.Ifyou’reinsideabuilding,staythere!Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.____16____Dropdownontotheground.Getunderanobjectthatisnoteasilydamaged.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Youcanalsogettoacornerformedbytwowallswithyourarmsoveryourhead.Ifyou’reinbedwhenthequakehits,staythereandprotectyourheadwithapillow.____17____Don’ttakeshelterundertrees,streetlights,telegraphpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredrivingstopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoverpasses,buildings,bridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapseoveryou.____18____Ifyouaretrappedintheruins,coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforapieceofclothing.Useyourcellphonetocallforhelpifpossible.Don’tshout.____19____Taponapipeorthewallsorescuerscanfindyou.Bepreparedforaftershocks____20____However,sometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.Therefore,ifyouarenotinasafepositionafterthefirstshock,youshouldmovequicklybutcarefullytoasaferplace.A.Don’tmoveaboutorkickupdost.B.Ifyou’reoutside,gotoanopenspace. C.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindust.D.Don’tparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.E.Takeagoodholdofyourcellphoneinthebuilding.F.Theycanhappeninthefirsthoursaftertheearthquake.G.Mostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogetout.【答案】16.G17.B18.D19.C20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在地震中如何防止伤亡的一些安全建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.(地震时最危险的事情之一就是试图离开建筑物。)”可知，空处承接前文，应说明许多的伤害都是发生在建筑物内的人试图离开建筑物的时候。G项中的“whenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogetout”与上文中的“trytoleaveabuilding”对应。G项：Mostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogetout.(大多数伤害发生在建筑物内的人试图出去的时候。)符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’reinsideabuilding,staythere!(如果你在大楼里，就待在那里！)”和下文“Don’ttakeshelterundertrees,streetlights,telegraphpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredrivingstopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoverpasses,buildings,bridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapseoveryou.(不要躲在树下、路灯下、电线杆下或高层建筑下。如果你正在开车，请尽快停车，并远离立交桥、建筑物、桥梁或任何可能倒塌的东西。)”可知，上一段提到的是在室内的安全做法，空后内容给出了一些在户外的安全做法。B项：Ifyou’reoutside,gotoanopenspace.(如果你在户外，那就去空旷的地方。)符合语境。故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Ifyouaredriving,stopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoverpasses,buildings,bridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapseoveryou.(如果你正在开车，请尽快停车，并远离立交桥、建筑物、桥梁或任何可能倒塌的东西。)”可知，此处应承接前文，指出不要把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下。D项：Don’tparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.(不要把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下。)符合语境。故选D。【19题详解】上文提到“Don’tshout.(不要喊叫)”，C项：Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindust.(喊叫会使你吸入灰尘。)是喊叫会造成的结果，且C项中的“Shouting”和上文中的“shout”对应，符合语境。故选C。 【20题详解】根据上文“Bepreparedforaftershocks.(为余震做好准备。)”和下文“However,sometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.(然而，有时余震甚至会在几个月后发生。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，指出余震会发生的时间，F项：Theycanhappeninthefirsthoursaftertheearthquake.(它们可能发生在地震后的最初几个小时。)中的“They”即指代上文的“aftershocks”，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Shouldyoulistentomusicwhenyouwork?Doyouliketolistentomusicwhenyouwork?Askthisquestionataparty,andyou’llprobablyget____21____responses.Somewillsaytheyloveit,claimingthatitimprovestheirperformance;otherswillsaytheyfinditdistracting(分散注意力的)andcannotwork____22____withmusicplayinginthebackground.Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseviewpointscanbetrue.Itjust____23____onwhatsortofworkyou’redoing.Inarecentstudy,webroughtparticipantsintoourlabtoperformavarietyoftasks.Theyincludeda(n)____24____task-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingtheletter“a”andamoredifficulttask—memorizingwordpairsand____25____wordtoitspartner.Someparticipantscompletedallofthetasksinsilence,____26____otherscompletedthetaskswithinstrumentalmusicthatwascitherloudorsoft,andeithersimpleorcomplex,thelattermeaningmusicwithmoreinstrumentsbeingplayed.Severalkeyfindings____27____fromourstudy.Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesameontheeasytask.However,participantswholistenedto____28____musicperformedbestontheeasytask.Onthecontrary,participantsperformedworseonthemoredifficulttaskwhentheylistenedtoanymusic,regardlessofcomplexityorvolume,comparedtothosewhodidn’tlistentoanymusic.Howshouldwe____29____thesefindings?Wesuggestthatpeoplehavelimitedmentalresourcesfromwhichboth_____30_____andtaskscandraw.Wecanbecome_____31_____andourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesarenotfullyused.Butwealsocanbecomeover-excitedand_____32_____whentheseresourcesareusedup.Notsurprisingly,wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks,whereasdemandingtasksrequiremorebrainpower.However,becausewemightbeless_____33_____during easiertasks,there’sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.Musicmightgiveustheextra_____34_____weneedtoovercomethemonotony(单调).However,difficulttasksalreadydemandlotofourresources.Listeningtomusiccanbecometoomuch.Sobest_____35_____shouldappearwhenwestrike“sweetspot,”whichmaydependonthetypeofmusicandthetypeoftask.21.A.fixedB.similarC.variousD.positive22.A.effectivelyB.immediatelyC.exactlyD.happily23.A.dependsB.focusesC.carriesD.takes24.A.unpleasantB.familiarC.impossibleD.easy25.A.matchingB.realizingC.suggestingD.creating26.A.untilB.whileC.sinceD.when27.A.fadedB.appearedC.survivedD.responded28.A.dullB.reliableC.necessaryD.complex29.A.makeupforB.makeoutC.makeuseofD.makeup30.A.musicB.workC.studyD.culture31.A.surprisedB.boredC.afraidD.proud32.A.interestedB.distractedC.attractedD.worried33.A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.frightenedD.engaged34.A.obstacleB.pushC.opportunityD.rule35.A.actionB.programC.performanceD.problem【答案】21.C22.A23.A24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.B30.A31.B32.B33.D34.B35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。通过“你上班时会听音乐吗?”这一问题展开研究，发现两种完全相反但又真实存在的观点，无论是音乐提高了工作效率还是分散了注意力，这取决于音乐类型和工作类型。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在聚会上问这个问题，大概会得到各种各样的回答。A.fixed固定的：B.similar相似的；C.various各种各样的；D.positive积极的。根据下文“Somewillsay……;otherswillsay……”可以推断出，对于上班是否听音乐，有各种各样的回答。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：其他人会说他们觉得这会分散注意力并且播放背景音乐时无法有效工作。A. effectively有效地；B.immediately立刻地；C.exactly精确地；D.happily快乐地。根据前文“otherswillsaytheyfinditdistracting”可知此处指分散注意力，故不能够有效地工作。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这取决于你在做什么工作。A.depends依靠；B.focuses聚焦；C.carries携带；D.takes拿；取。根据下文“dependonthetypeofmusicandthetypeoftask.”可知此处指音乐是否有助于工作取决于你做什么工作。dependon固定短语，意为：依靠；取决于。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一项研究中，我们将参与者带到实验室来执行各种任务。他们包括一项简单的任务——在单词列表中搜索并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及一项更困难的任务——记忆单词对并将其与搭档匹配。A.unpleasant不快乐的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.impossible不可能；D.easy容易的。根据下文“crossingoutwordscontainingtheletter“a”划掉包含字母“a”的单词”和“amoredifficulttask”可知他们包括一项简单的任务。故选D。【25题详解】考查非谓语动词词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一项研究中，我们将参与者带到实验室来执行各种任务。他们包括一项简单的任务——在单词列表中搜索并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及一项更困难的任务——记忆单词对并将其与搭档匹配。A.matching搭配；B.realizing意识到；C.suggesting建议；D.creating创造。根据上文“memorizingwordpairs”及下文“toitspartner”可知此处指单词匹配。故选A。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一些参与者在沉默中完成了所有的任务，而另一些参与者则在响亮或柔和、简单或复杂的器乐中完成了任务，后者意味着演奏更多乐器的音乐。A.until直到……；B.while然而；和......同时；C.since自从；从那以后；D.when当…的时候。分析空格前后两句的句意可知两句之间是对比转折关系，while有“然而”这一层意思，可以表对比、转折。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究中出现了几个关键发现。A.faded褪色；B.appeared出现；C.survived幸免；D.responded作出反应；响应。根据下文对“Wefound”可知，研究中出现了几个关键发现。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单的任务中表现最好。A.dull乏味的；单调的；呆板的；B.reliable可依靠的；C.necessary有必要的；D.complex复杂的。根据上文中的“simplemusicornomusic”以及“However”一词可知此处指复杂的音乐。故选D。【29题详解】 考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意：我们应该如何理解这些发现？A.makeupfor弥补；补偿；B.makeout弄明白，理解；C.makeuseof利用；D.makeup编造；化妆。根据下文“Wesuggestthat……”以及“andourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesarenotfullyused.而当这些资源未被充分利用时，我们的大脑可能会走神。”可知,下文是对上文“我们如何如何理解这些发现”的解释。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为，人们能够从音乐和任务中汲取灵感的智力资源有限。A.music音乐；B.work工作；C.study学习；研究；D.culture文化。根据前文讨论的听音乐与工作关系的细节描述可知此处人们能够从音乐和任务中汲取灵感的智力资源有限。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些资源没有得到充分利用时，我们可能会变得无聊，我们的思想可能会走神。A.surprised吃惊的；B.bored无聊的；C.afraid害怕的；D.proud骄傲的。空格处与下文“ourmindsmaywander我们的大脑可能会走神”是并列关系，结合选项可知B选项bored（无聊的）与下文语义衔接恰当，故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当这些资源耗尽时，我们也可能会过度兴奋和分心。A.interested感兴趣的；B.distracted分心的；C.attracted有吸引力的；D.worried担心的。根据上文“over-excited”可知,当这些资源耗尽时，我们也可能会过度兴奋和分心。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，因为我们在更简单的任务中可能没那么投入，所以偏离轨道的风险更大。A.disgusted讨厌的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.frightened害怕的；D.engaged忙的；投入的；已订婚的。根据上文“wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks.我们完成简单的任务时，我们通常需要使用较少的大脑资源。”可知，我们处理简单的任务时，一般不会特别投入。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐可能会给予我们克服单调所需的额外动力。A.obstacle障碍；B.push推；奋斗；努力；C.opportunity机会；D.rule规则。根据下文“weneedtoovercomethemonotony.我们需要克服单调乏味。”及上文描述的音乐的积极作用，可知音乐可以促进我们克服单调。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，最佳表现应该出现在我们达到“最佳位置”时，这可能取决于音乐类型和任务类型。A.action行动；B.program节目；计划；C.performance表演，表现；D.problem问题。根据上文中“claimingthatitimprovestheirperformance.”可知此处指工作表现（performance ）取决于音乐类型和工作类型。故选C。第二节单句填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。36.Hegotan_________(injure)tohisbackwhenhefelloffhishorse.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】injury【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他从马上摔下来，背部受伤。分析句子结构可知，冠词an后缺少可数名词单数作宾语，故填injury。37.Itiseasy_______(relate)whathappenedinyourchildhoodtoyourpresentstateofmind.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】torelate【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：把童年发生的事和你现在的心境联系起来是很容易的。动词relate意为“联系”，此处it为形式主语，应用todo不定式作真正的主语。故填torelate。38.Atthethoughtofgoingtomynewschool,Ifeltalittle_______(frighten).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】frightened【解析】【详解】考查形容词句意：一想到要去新学校，我就感到有点害怕。作表语，且修饰人，应用形容词frightened。故填frightened。39.Ifmyfathermakesuphismindtodosomething,nothingcanchangehismind.Heisreallyamanof______(determine).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】determination【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：如果我父亲决定做某事，什么也不能改变他的想法。他真是一个有决心的人。“of+抽象名词”相当于对应含义的形容词，在介词of后应用名词determination表示“决心”作宾语。故填determination。40.Thereportshowsthatthediseasecausesthousandsof_________(die)ayear.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】deaths【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：报告显示，这种疾病每年导致数千人死亡。空处应用名词作宾语。death意为“死亡人数”，为可数名词。根据空前的thousandsof可知，这里应用名词复数。故填deaths。 41.Whenwewerechildren,ourparentsusedto______(bury)somethingintheyardforustodigup.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】bury【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：当我们还是孩子的时候，我们的父母经常在院子里埋一些东西让我们去挖。usedtodo为固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，空格处应填动词原形。故填bury。42.Sometimes,itcantakealongtimetofinda______(solve)totheproblem.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】solution【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：有时，它可能需要很长时间才能找到解决问题的方法。根据“totheproblem”可知，此处是指找到解决问题的方法，所以应用名词solution表示“解决办法”作宾语。故填solution。43.IfailedinanEnglishexam,feeling____(extreme)disappointed．(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】extremely【解析】【详解】考查副词和词性转换。句意：我英语没考好，感到非常失望。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词修饰形容词disappointed，故填extremely。44.TaylorSwift’sgreatperformanceleftadeep________(impress)ontheaudience.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】impression【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：泰勒·斯威夫特的精彩表演给观众留下了深刻的印象。作宾语，结合不定冠词可知应填单数名词impression。故填impression。45.AlthoughhespeaksEnglishfluently,heisnotofBritishorAmerican_______(national).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】nationality【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管他英语说得很流利，但他不是英国或美国国籍。空处应用名词作介词of的宾语。nationality意为“国籍”，常用于固定短语beofBritish/Americannationality中，意为“是英国/美国国籍”。故填nationality。第三节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 SouthAfricanEnglishhasalonghistory,butthereareactuallyeleven______46______ (office)languagesinSouthAfrica.TheEnglishlanguageinSouthAfricadatesfromthe______47______  (arrive)oftheBritishattheCapeofGoodHopein1795.AswasthecaseinmostBritishcolonies,English______48______ (introduce)firstbysoldiersandadministrators,thenbymissionaries,settlers,andfortune-seekers.Englishtookrootduringthe19thcentury______49______  asouthernAfricanlanguage,asaresultoftheBritishsettlementsof1820(intheEasternCape),1848～51(inNatal),andthesubsequent(随后的)rushes______50______ thediamondminesofKimberleyandthegoldminesoftheWitwatersrand.ModernSouthAfricanEnglishispartofacomplexlinguisticand______51______  (culture)mix.TheConstitutionof1994recognises11officiallanguages,______52______  (name)English,Afrikaans,andtheninemajorAfricanlanguages,______53______ (include)Zulu,Xhosa,Setswana,andSesotho,aswellas______54______  (addition)communityand________55________ (religion)languagessuchasKhoisan,Telugu,Hindi,Portuguese,Hebrew,andArabic.【答案】46.official47.arrival48.wasintroduced49.as50.to51.cultural52.namely53.including54.additional55.religious【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南非英语的历史。【46题详解】考查形容词。句意：南非英语有着悠久的历史，但实际上南非有11种官方语言。空后是名词languages，所以空处填形容词作定语，修饰languages；office的名词形式是official，表示“官方的”。故填official。【47题详解】考查名词。句意：南非的英语可以追溯到1795年英国人到达好望角的时候。空前是冠词the，空后是介词of，所以该空填名词，构成“the+名词+of”结构，arrive的名词形式是arrival，表示“到达，抵达”。故填arrival。【48题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：与大多数英国殖民地的情况一样，英语首先由士兵和行政人员引入，然后由传教士、定居者和财富寻求者引入。分析句子结构，空处填谓语动词；由从句提示动词was 可知时态为一般过去时，English和introduce之间是被动关系，所以空处填一般过去时的被动，即wasintroduced。故填wasintroduced。【49题详解】考查介词。句意：由于1820年(在东开普省)、1848-51年(在纳塔尔)的英国殖民，以及随后对金伯利钻石矿和威特沃特斯兰德金矿的涌入，英语在19世纪作为南部非洲的一种语言生根发芽。分析句子结构，空后是名词短语“asouthernAfricanlanguage”，所以空处填介词；由句意可知，此处表示“作为”的含义，所以填介词as。故填as。【50题详解】考查介词。句意：由于1820年(在东开普省)、1848-51年(在纳塔尔)的英国殖民，以及随后对金伯利钻石矿和威特沃特斯兰德金矿的涌入，英语在19世纪作为南部非洲的一种语言生根发芽。根据空前提示rushes，空处填介词to，构成短语rushto，表示“涌入”。故填to。【51题详解】考查形容词。句意：现代南非英语是一个复杂的语言和文化混合体的一部分。空后是名词mix，所以空处需要形容词作定语，修饰该名词；culture的形容词是cultural，表示“文化的”。故填cultural。52题详解】考查副词。句意：1994年《宪法》承认11种官方语言，即英语、南非荷兰语和9种主要非洲语言，包括祖鲁语、科萨语、塞茨瓦纳语和塞索托语，以及其他社区和宗教语言，如科伊桑语、泰卢固语、印地语、葡萄牙语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语。由句意可知，空后是对空前“11officiallanguages”的详细展开，所以空处填副词namely，表示“即，也就是”。故填namely。【53题详解】考查介词。句意：1994年《宪法》承认11种官方语言，即英语、南非荷兰语和9种主要非洲语言，包括祖鲁语、科萨语、塞茨瓦纳语和塞索托语，以及其他社区和宗教语言，如科伊桑语、泰卢固语、印地语、葡萄牙语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语。分析句子结构，空后是包含的内容，所以空处填介词；include的介词是including，表示“包括，包含”。故填including。【54题详解】考查形容词。句意：1994年《宪法》承认11种官方语言，即英语、南非荷兰语和9种主要非洲语言，包括祖鲁语、科萨语、塞茨瓦纳语和塞索托语，以及其他社区和宗教语言，如科伊桑语、泰卢固语、印地语、葡萄牙语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语。空后是名词community，所以该空需要形容词作定语修饰名词，即additional，表示“额外的，附加的”。故填additional。【55题详解】考查形容词。句意：1994年《宪法》承认11种官方语言，即英语、南非荷兰语和9 种主要非洲语言，包括祖鲁语、科萨语、塞茨瓦纳语和塞索托语，以及其他社区和宗教语言，如科伊桑语、泰卢固语、印地语、葡萄牙语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语。空后是名词languages，所以该空需要形容词作定语修饰名词，即religious，表示“宗教的”。故填religious。第四部分写作(满分25分)56.假如你是李华，为了鼓励学生多参与运动，缓解学习压力，要点如下：1.你的看法;2.你的建议及理由。注意：1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearMr.Smith，I’mLiHua,astudentofSeniorOne.I’dliketosharemythoughtsandsuggestionsonimprovingextra-curricularactivitiestoencouragestudentstoengageinsportsandrelieveacademicstress.Aspartofcampuslife,extra-curricularactivitiesnotonlycontributetoourphysicalfitness,butalsopromoteourmentalwell-beingandsocialskills.Additionally,organizingcompetitionsregularlycanalsomotivatemorestudentstoparticipate,benefitingstudentsinteamworkandhealth.Ihopemysuggestionscanbehelpfultoyou.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Yours，LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Mr.Smith写一封信，就鼓励学生多参与运动，缓解学习压力提出建议。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：suggestion→advice提高：improve→promote有助于：contributeto→conduceto此外：additionally→furthermore 2.句式拓展简单句：I’dliketosharemythoughtsandsuggestionsonimprovingextra-curricularactivitiestoencouragestudentstoengageinsportsandrelieveacademicstress.拓展句：I’dliketosharemythoughtsandsuggestionsonimprovingextra-curricularactivities,whichaimtoencouragestudentstoengageinsportsandrelieveacademicstress.【点睛】[高分句型1]Aspartofcampuslife,extra-curricularactivitiesnotonlycontributetoourphysicalfitness,butalsopromoteourmentalwell-beingandsocialskills.(notonly...butalso...句型)[高分句型2]Ihopemysuggestionscanbehelpfultoyou.(省略that的宾语从句)听力：1-5.ACBAA6-10.ABCBA11-15.BAABA16-20.ABABC