上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语题（解析版）.docx

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2022学年南模中学高二年级第一学期线上期末考试英语试卷(本次考试时间120分钟，满分140分)I.ListeningComprehension(25%)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Theparcelwasputsomewherearoundthestreetcorner.B.Sheseldomreceivesparcels.C.Theparceldoesn’tbelongtoher.D.Shemadeamistakebybuyingawrongparcel.2.A.Thesteakhouseisperfectforeveryone.B.Thefoodinthesteakhouseisnotsatisfactory.C.Thewomanhasbeentothesteakhousetwice.D.Thefoodinthesteakhouseistooexpensive.3.A.Themanhasastomachdisease.B.Inappropriateeatinghabithasmadethemanuncomfortable.C.Themanshouldeatnothingfordinner.D.Themanshouldhaveathoroughbodycheck.4.A.Shedidn’tsleepwellthismorning.B.Hersondidn’tcatchtheschoolbus.C.Shedrivestheschoolbus.D.Sheisalwayslateforwork.5.A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandheadmaster.C.Gardenerandemployer.D.Waiterandcustomer.6.A.ShecanmemorizeMr.Cannes’sphonenumber.B.ShebarelyknowsMr.Cannes.C.Mr.Cannesisbeyondreachrightnow.D.ShewilltryvariouswaystogettouchwithMr.Cannes.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 7.A.Shedoesn’thearthenoise.B.Thenoiseiscausedbyaneighbour’shousedecoration.C.TheyshouldthankMr.Jamesforthenotification.D.Thereisafightonthe11thfloorofthebuilding.8.A.Somerestaurantsdon’trequesttips.B.Theservicethey’vegotisn’tworththetiptherestaurantrequests.C.Theyhaverefusedtopaythetip.D.Thefoodoftherestaurantisexpensive.9.A.Theirgasbillisroughlysteadyeverymonth.B.Thismonth’sgasbillhasn’tarrivedyet.C.Thenumberonthegasbilliswrong.D.Thegasbillwillgetevenhigherinwinter.10.A.Hernecklaceisnotexpensiveatall.B.Someonewillreturnthenecklacesometimelater.C.Callingthepoliceisnotagoodidea.D.Shehasgiventhenecklacetotheman.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Becausetheywantedtoproducecheapcoffee.B.Becausetheycouldn’tbearthetasteofordinarycoffee.C.Becausetheydidn’twantcoffeetodamagetheirteeth.D.Becausetheywantedtohavecoffeewithstrongerflavor.12.A.Byonlyusingcoffeebeansandwater.B.Byavoidingartificialflavorsandsugar.C.Byphysicalprocessing.D.Byaddingsomematerials.13.A.Becausedrinkers’reviewsvary.B.Becauseit’sonlyavailableintheU.K.C.Becauseitisexpensive.D.Becausetherearetoomanyonlineorders.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itsolvedallpsychologicalproblems.B.Itlackedattentiononwhatwasgoodaboutlife.C.Itignoredresearchintotreatingmentalillnesses.D.Itwasdevelopingtooslowly.15.A.Itwasconfusedwithpositivethinking.B.It’sstillnotascienceyet.C.Itignoresindividualdiversity.D.Itdoesn’tpresentenoughfindings.16.Theoriginandfactsofpositivepsychology.A.Theadvantagesofpositivepsychology.B.People’sopinionsaboutpositivepsychology.C.Thespecialcasesinpositivepsychology.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Datingbackto6000yearsago.B.FeaturingGreekandRomancivilization.C.Focusingonthelightoftheoldtime.D.Displayinggardensofdifferenttimes.18.A.Chargetoomuchforadmission.B.Notpayenoughattentiontomodernart.C.Exhibitartworksofpoorquality.D.Dealwithcriticismsbadly.19.A.AvoidtakingkidstotheMet.B.Bookatourguideservice.C.Visitthegalleriesneartotheentrance.D.Selectinterestinggalleriesonlineinadvance.20.A.Allthepeoplepay25dollars.B.Localpeoplecandecidehowmuchtopay.C.Foreignvisitorscanpayzero.D.Studentsmustpayhalfprice.II.Grammar(30%)SectionAMultipleChoice1.Weshouldtakeintoaccountstudents’suggestionthattheschoollibrary______morebooksonpopularscience.A.provideB.providedC.providingD.provides【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们应该考虑学生们的建议，即学校图书馆提供更多的科普书籍。suggestion（建议）后的同位语从句要使用(should)do的虚拟语气，其中should可省略，故选A。2.Shesaidshewouldhavesentacarforme________thatIwasarrivingtoday.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A.ifitdidn’tsliphermindB.ifitweren’ttosliphermindC.haditnotslippedhermindD.shouldn’titslippedhermind【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：她说如果她没有忘记我今天到的话，她会派车来接我的。分析句子成分可知，shewouldhavesentacarforme________thatIwasarrivingtoday为宾语从句，该宾语从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意，该句与过去事实相反，从句________thatIwasarrivingtoday中应用过去完成时，该空处可填“ifithadn’tslippedhermind”。再有，虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是had，should，were的话，可以省略连词if，且用倒装，故该句还可表述为haditnotslippedhermind，选项C符合题意，故选C。3.________itrainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputofftillnextFriday.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果今天下午下雨，足球赛将推迟到下星期五。根据句意和句中的would可知，该题是考查的是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，逗号前面应该是一个虚拟条件句ifitshouldrainthisafternoon。在if引导的虚拟条件句中如果有should，可以将if省略，同时将should提到句首构成倒装。故选B项。4.LeadingpoliticiansintheU.S.havesentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesurgingthatit________actionsthatcouldbetakenbystateandlocalgovernmentsanduniversities________nationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificeducation”.A.toidentify;maintainingB.identifies;tomaintainC.identify;tomaintainD.willidentify;maintaining【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查谓语动词、虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：美国的主要政治家已致信美国艺术与科学学院，敦促其确定州、地方政府和大学可以采取的行动，以保持国家在人文和社会科学教育方面的卓越。”第一空涉及一个urge引导的宾语从句，表示“敦促”，从句的谓语需要用“should加上一般现在时”，其中should还可以省略，所以填identify。第二空涉及一个非谓语动词的选择，该句谓语为identify，且根据句意，此空表目的，所以应用maintain的不定式tomaintain。故选C项。第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 5.Whenitcomestodeath,VincentVanGogh________byothersinthathiswounddidn’tindicatesuicide,whileAlbertEinstein________longerbutherefusedsurgery.Amayhavebeenkilled;shouldhavelivedB.shouldhavebeenkilled;shouldhavelivedC.mayhavebeenkilled;musthavelivedD.shouldhavebeenkilled:musthavelived【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：谈到死亡，文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害，因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀，而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长，但他拒绝接受手术。A.mayhavebeenkilled;shouldhavelived可能被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；B.shouldhavebeenkilled;shouldhavelived本应该被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；C.mayhavebeenkilled;musthavelived可能被其他人杀害，一定活了很长；D.shouldhavebeenkilled:musthavelived本应该被其他人杀害，一定活了很长。结合句意，mayhavedone表示对发生过的事情的推测，shouldhavedone本应该做某事，实际未做，符合句意。故选A项。6.“Chinglish”isgrammaticallywrong,misspelledEnglishwrittenandspokenbyChinese;however,sopopular_________ontheInternetthatthephenomenonisgeneratingitsownspecialists.A.ithasbecomeB.hasitbecomeC.itisbecomingD.becomesit【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态和倒装句。句意：“中式英语”在语法上是错误的，中国人写的和说的英语拼写错误；然而，这一现象在互联网上非常流行，甚至产生了专门研究这一现象的专家。分析句子的结构可知，该句为so+adj./adv.位于句首时的部分倒装；根据“thephenomenonisgeneratingitsownspecialists(现象甚至产生了专门研究这一现象的专家)”，可知是过去所做的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故将助动词has置于主语it之前。故选B。7.Onlyifyouintoordinarypeople’slifefindoutwhytheyaredissatisfiedandunderstandtherevolutionthreateningthecountry.A.havegone…youwillB.go…mayyouC.go…youmayD.dogo…youwill【答案】B【解析】第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【详解】考查倒装句和时态辨析。句意：只有走进普通人的生活中，你才会发现他们为什么不满意，才会理解威胁着这个国家的这场革命。当only加条件句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即助动词/be动词/情态动词置于主语之前，onlyif引导条件状语从句，根据下文aredissatisfiedandunderstand并结合句意可知，从句也用一般现在时态，if引导的条件状语从句不倒装。分析四个选项，只有B是部分倒装结构。故选B。8.Neverinmywildestdreams____leadtoacareerofwritingnovels,whichhasallowedmetosharemyexperiencewithpeoplelikeme.A.IthoughtthechancewouldB.IthoughtwouldthechanceC.didIthinkthechancewouldD.didIthinkwouldthechance【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：在我最疯狂的梦想中，我从未想过这个机会会让我走上写小说的职业道路，这让我能够与像我一样的人分享我的经历。Never放在句首，要用部分倒装。像never，nota…，hardly，little等这样的否定词为了强调或修辞需要提到句首时，要把谓语部分中的助动词、系动词、情态动词或把did/does/do助动词提到主语的前面。故选C。【点睛】本题考查了部分倒装句。像never，nota…，hardly，little等这样的否定词为了强调或修辞需要提到句首时，该句在习惯上要形成部分倒装句式，即把谓语部分中的助动词、系动词、情态动词或把did/does/do助动词提到主语的前面。9._____atfirstthought,practicallyeverysentenceyouspeakandwritehasneverbeenspokenorwrittenbefore.A.AmazingasitmayseemB.AsitmayseemamazingC.AsamazingitmayseemD.Itmayseemasamazing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查as引导的让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管乍一想似乎有点神奇，但事实上你所说和写的每一个句子以前都没人用过。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查as引导的让步状语从句,且句子要部分倒装。引导此类从句的结构为：adj/adv/v/n+as+其它，选项中Amazingasitmayseem符合该结构。故选A项。10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.SonaughtyaboyheisthathehasbeenlabeledasatroublemakerB.Downdidthevasefall,breakingintopiecesC.Ontopofthemountaincanbeseenamonumentclearly第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D.Notuntilthenhadherealizedtheimportanceofobeyingthetrafficrules【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装句型。在部分倒装中，so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+系动词+主语+that从句，可知，A是错误的，此句应为：Sonaughtyaboyishethathehasbeenlabeledasatroublemakerby。在英语中表示方向的副词如down,up等词置于句首，句子的主语是名词时才能完全倒装，而不是部分倒装。B项的句子Downthevasefall,breakingintopieces应该为：Downthevasefell,breakingintopieces。所以C项Ontopofthemountaincanbeseenamonumentclearly符合完全倒装。D项Notuntilthenhadherealizedtheimportanceofobeyingthetrafficrules是部分倒装，但英语中not...until...的主语一般不用完成时，主句一般现在时，或一般将来时，一般过去时，所以应该为：D.Notuntilthendidherealizetheimportanceofobeyingthetrafficrules。故选C。【点睛】倒装句可分为完全倒装、部分倒装。一、完全倒装即将句子中整个谓语动词提到主语前的句子结构。此句式的主语必须是名词。1.当out、in、down、up、away、here、there、then等副词位于句首时。例如：.例如：Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出来。如果主语是代词的话，只能是Outthechildrenrushed.2.当intheroom、onthewall等表示地点状语的介词短语置于句首时。例如：Atthetopofthehillstoodthetinychapel.那座小教堂矗立在山顶上二。部分倒装。部分倒装将句子中谓语动词的一部分（包括助动词、be动词和情态动词）提到主语前的句子结构。以下几种情况必须使用部分倒装：1.表示否定意义的副词或介词短语如not、never、seldom、little、hardly、nosooner、nolonger、nowhere、bynomeans、innocase、onnocondition、in/undernocircumstances等位于句首时。Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner他很少出去吃饭。2.“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”结构位于句首时。例如：Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。注意：关于部分倒装，有六个经典句型，是考查倒装句时的高频考点，和小简老师一起来看看。6个经典句型经典句型1.在notonly…butalso...句型中，notonly位于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装，butalso后的句子依然是陈述句式。例如：Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更简单了。第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 经典句型2.在not…until句型中，当notuntil…位于句首时，其后的主句要用部分倒装。例如：Notuntiltherainstoppeddidheleavetheroom.雨停了之后他才离开这房间。经典句型3.在so+adj./adv.+that...句型中，当so+adj./adv.位于句首时，其所在句用部分倒装，that引导的结果状语从句依然是陈述句式。例如：Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。经典句型4.so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者。例如：YouareyoungandsoamI.你年轻，我也年轻。经典句型5.neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，表示前面提出的某一否定的情况也同样适合于后者。例如：Youaren’tyoungandneitheramI.你不年轻，我也不年轻。经典句型6.在neither...nor...句型中，两个连词后的句子都用部分倒装，意为“既不......也不......”。例如：NeihercanIswim，norcanIskate.我既不会游泳，也不会滑冰。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MeettheIslandsLocated86kmnorth-eastofBougainvilleintheSouthPacific,theCarteretIslandsofPapuaNewGuineaarecomposedoflow-lyingislands____11____(distribute)inahorseshoeshape,withatotallandareaof0.6squarekilometersandamaximumelevationof1.5metersabovesealevel.TheCarteretIslandsarebelieved____12____(inhabit)formorethanonethousandyears.Fewplacesareascalm,peacefulandbeautifulastheseasidehereonacalmday.Peoplearevery____13____(welcome),gentle,andcalm.There’snophonenetwork,shops,computers,roads,cars,ormotorbikes.Foodiscookedonopenfires.Peopleherelivesustainably.Theydon’toverfishorpollute,makingnocontributiontothewarmingofourplanet.However,theyarefeelingtheconsequencesoftheclimatechange.Now,astheland____14____(swallow)bytherisingsea,theislandersarefacedwithanuncertainfuture.Stormsandhightideswashawayhomes,destroyvegetablegardensandpollutefreshwatersupplies.Thetreesontheislandarealsobeingimpactedbythesaltwater.Thebeachexists____15____fertilesoiloncedid.____16____thecoralandseagrassesdie,sodothebreedingareasforfish.Manyseawallshavebeenbuilt____17____withlittle第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 success.Theislandshavegraduallybecomeuninhabitable.TheCarteretislandersarelabelledastheworld’sfirstofficialclimate-changerefugees,astheyareforcedtoabandontheirhomelands____18____foodshortages,risingsealevels,sinkingshorelines,andthedangersofstormsandtides.Infrontof____19____isthechoicewhethertostayandwatchtheislandsshrinkandslowlydisappearortrytorebuildtheircommunitysomewhereelse.Yet,therelocationisnotamoveembracedbymost,andsomeareunhappylivingawayfromtheirhome,andhavereturnedafterstrugglingtoadapt.Ontheotherhand,relocationwillbeagreatchallengetothepreservationoftheidentityandcultureoftheCarteretislanders.TheCarteretIslanders’storyillustrateshowsmallislandstatesandcoastalcommunitiesfallvictim____20____risingsealevelscausedbyclimatechange.TheCarteretIslanders,withacarbonfootprintamongthelowestintheworld,willbeamongthefirsttohavetoleavetheirhomesbecauseofrisingseascausedbyemissionsfromothernations.【答案】11.distributing12.tohaveinhabited13.welcoming14.isbeingswallowed15.where16.As17.but18.dueto19.them20.to【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛由于气候的变化导致了海平面的上升，所以这些岛屿变得不再适宜居住。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛位于南太平洋布干维尔东北86公里处，由呈马蹄形分布的低地岛屿组成，总陆地面积0.6平方公里，最高海拔1.5米。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和被修饰的名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填distributing。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特雷特群岛据信已有一千多年的历史。分析句子结构可知，本题考查固定句型“sth/sb.bebelievedtodo”，意为“人们相信……”，根据句意可知，人们相信卡特雷特群岛已有一千多年的历史了，所以需要动词不定式的完成式，表示谓语时间之前发生过的事件，或从过去持续到谓语时间的状态。故填tohaveinhabited。第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：人们非常热情、温柔、平静。分析句子结构可知，本句话为主系表结构，空处需要形容词welcoming“热情的”，作表语。故填welcoming。【14题详解】考查时态语态。句意：现在，随着陆地被不断上涨的海水吞噬，岛民面临着不确定的未来。分析句子结构可知，空处为as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子为现在进行时态，而主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填isbeingswallowed。【15题详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：海滩存在于肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方。根据句意可知，由于海水的上升，海滩现在出现在了肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方，所以空处引导地点状语从句。故填where。【16题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。根据“sodothebreedingareasforfish”可知，随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。as可以引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。故填As。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。根据前后语境可知，虽然许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。前后为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。【18题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛上的居民被称为世界上第一批正式的气候变化难民，因为食物短缺、海平面上升、海岸线下沉以及风暴和潮汐的危险，他们被迫离开家园。根据空后“foodshortages,risingsealevels,sinkingshorelines,andthedangersofstormsandtides”可知，由于空后的这些原因，所以卡特雷特岛上的居民被迫离开家园。固定搭配dueto“由于”。故填dueto。【19题详解】考查代词。句意：摆在他们面前的是选择是留下来看着岛屿缩小并慢慢消失，还是尝试在其他地方重建他们的社区。空处指代前文的theCarteretislanders，意为“卡特雷特岛上的居民”，作介词of的宾语。故填them【20题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛居民的故事说明了小岛屿国家和沿海社区如何成为气候变化导致海平面上升的受害者。固定搭配fallvictimto“成为……的牺牲品（或受害者)”，to是介词。故填to。SectionC第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.biologicalB.distinctC.distinguishedD.evidenceE.familiarF.gazingG.interpretedH.pre-packagedI.revealingJ.signK.wrinkleBaby’sRainbowInEnglishtheskyisblue,andthegrassisgreen.ButinVietnamesethereisjustonecolorcategoryforbothskyandgrass:xanh.Fordecades,scientistshavepointedtosuchexamplesas____21____thatlanguagelargelydetermineshowweseecolor.Butnewresearchwithfour-tosix-month-oldinfantsindicatesthatlongbeforewelearnlanguage,weseeuptofivebasiccategoriesofcolor—afindingthatsuggestsastronger____22____linktocolorperception（洞察力）thanpreviouslythought.Thestudytestedthecolor-discrimination（区别）abilitiesofmorethan170Britishinfants.ResearchersattheUniversityofSussexinEnglandmeasuredhowlongbabiesspent____23____atcolorswatches,ametricknownaslookingtime.Firsttheteamshowedinfantsoneswatchrepeatedlyuntiltheirlookingtimedecreased—a(n)____24____thattheyhadgrownboredwithit.Thentheresearchersshowedthemadifferentswatchandnotedtheirreaction.Longerlookingtimeswere____25____tomeanthebabiesconsideredthesecondswatchtobeanewcolor.Theirresponsesshowedthatthey____26____amongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.Thefinding“suggestswe’reallworkingfromthesametemplate（模板）,”explainsleadauthorAliceSkelton,adoctoralstudentatSussex.“Youcome____27____tomakecolordistinctions,butgivenyourcultureandlanguage,certaindistinctionsmayormaynotbeused.”Forinstance,infantslearningVietnamesemostlikelyseegreenandblue,eveniftheirnativelanguagedoesnotuse____28____wordsforthetwocolors.Thestudysystematicallyexploredinfants’colorperception,____29____howweperceivecolorsbeforewehavethewordstodescribethem,saysAngelaM.Brown,anexperimentalpsychologistattheOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofOptometry,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewresearch.Theresultsaddanew_____30_____totheso-calledSapir-Whorfhypothesis—theideathatthewayweseetheworldisshapedbylanguage.【答案】21.D22.A23.F24.J25.G26.C27.H28.B29.I30.K第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发现婴儿天生就能感知颜色，这也颠覆了之前科学界普遍认为的“语言决定我们如何看待颜色”这一观点。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：几十年来，科学家们一直以这样的例子作为证据，证明语言在很大程度上决定了我们如何看待颜色。此处缺少名词作介词as的宾语，根据空后的“thatlanguagelargelydetermineshowweseecolor”可知此处表示“证据”，故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：但一项针对4到6个月大婴儿的新研究表明，在我们学习语言之前，我们可以看到多达五种基本的颜色——这一发现表明，与颜色感知之间存在着比之前认为的更强的生物学联系。修饰名词link用形容词，根据空前的“longbeforewelearnlanguage,weseeuptofivebasiccategoriesofcolor”可知此处表示“生物学的”，故选A。【23题详解】考查动名词。句意：英国苏塞克斯大学的研究人员测量了婴儿盯着色块看的时间，这是一种被称为“看时间”的度量。spendtimedoing，花时间做某事，根据空后的“atcolorswatches,ametricknownaslookingtime”可知此处用gazeat表示“盯着看、凝视”，故选F。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：首先，研究小组反复给婴儿看一个样本，直到他们的注视时间缩短——这表明他们已经厌倦了。空处位于破折号后，是对前一句“theirlookingtimedecreased”的解释说明，再结合空后的“thattheyhadgrownboredwithit”可知此处表示“迹象”，故选J。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：长时间的观察被解释为婴儿认为第二个色块是一种新的颜色。此处缺少动词与前面的were构成谓语，根据空后的“tomeanthebabiesconsideredthesecondswatchtobeanewcolor”可知此处表示“解释”，与Longerlookingtimes之间是被动关系，用的是一般过去时的被动语态，故选G。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：他们的反应表明，他们能区分五种颜色：红、绿、蓝、紫和黄。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据空后的“amongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.”可知此处表示“区分”，故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：你是预先包装好来区分颜色的（天生就能区分颜色），但考虑到你的文化和语言，某些区别可能会被使用，也可能不会。上文的研究表明婴儿生来就能区分五种颜色，此处用形容词pre-packaged（预先包装好的）来强调状态，即：婴儿天生就能区分颜色，故选H。第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，学习越南语的婴儿最有可能看到绿色和蓝色，即使他们的母语没有使用不同的词来表示这两种颜色。修饰名词words用形容词，根据空前的“Forinstance,infantslearningVietnamesemostlikelyseegreenandblue”可知此处表示“不同的、有区分的”，故选B。【29题详解】考查现在分词。句意：这项研究系统地探讨了婴儿的颜色感知，揭示了我们在掌握描述颜色的词汇之前是如何感知颜色的。根据空后的“howweperceivecolorsbeforewehavethewordstodescribethem”可知此处表示“揭示”，此处用的是现在分词作伴随状语，故选I。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：这一结果为所谓的萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说增加了一条新的思路，即我们看待世界的方式是由语言塑造的。此处缺少名词作动词add的宾语，根据空后的“theideathatthewayweseetheworldisshapedbylanguage.”可知此处表示“好主意、妙计”，故选K。III.ReadingComprehension(45%)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mostformsofconventionaladvertising—print,radioandbroadcasttelevision—havebeenlosinggroundtoonlineadsforyears;onlybillboards,datingbacktothe1800s,andTVadsareholdingtheirown.Suchout-of-homeadvertising,asitisknown,isexpectedto____31____by3.4%in2022,anddigitalout-of-home(DOOH)advertising,whichincludestheLCDscreensfoundinairportsandshoppingmalls,by16%.Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphonesandcannotbeskippedor____32____,unlikeadsonline.Billboardownersarealso____33____thelocationdatathatarepouringoffpeople’ssmartphones.Informationabouttheirowners’locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.Theythenusethesedatatoworkoutwhendifferentgroups—“businesstravellers”,say—walkbytheirads.That____34____isaddedtoinsightsintotraffic,weatherandotherexternaldatatoproducehighlyrelevantads.DOOH____35____candeliveradsforcoffeewhenitiscoldandiceddrinkswhenitiswarm.Such____36____worksparticularlywellwhenitisaccompaniedby“programmatic”advertisingmethods,atermthatdescribestheuseofdatatoautomateandimproveads.InthepastyearbillboardownerssuchasClearChannelandjcDecauxhave____37____programmaticplatformswhichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselect,purchaseandplaceadsinminutes,ratherthandaysorweeks.Itissaidthatoutdooradswillincreasinglybeboughtlikeonlineones,basedonaudienceandviewsaswellas____38____.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Thatispossiblebecausebillboardownersclaimtobeableto____39____howwelltheiradsareworking,eventhoughno“click-through”ratesareinvolved.Datafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividualadvertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.Advertiserscanestimatehowmanyindividuals____40____toanadforahandbagthengoontovisitanearbyshop(orwebsite)andbuytheproduct.Suchmetricsmakeoutdooradsmore____41____-driven,automatedandmeasurable,arguesMichaelProvenzano,co-founderofVistarMedia,anad-techfirminNewYork.However,theoutdoor-adrevolutionisnot____42____-free.Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacyconcerns.And____43____oftheonline-adbusinessforbeingvague,andoccasionallydishonest,mayalsobetargetedattheOOHbusinessasitbecomesbiggerandmorecomplex.Theindustryisreadyto____44____suchconcerns,saysJean-ChristopheConti,chiefexecutiveofVIOOH,amedia-buyingplatform.Oneofthe____45____offollowingtheonline-adpioneers,henotes,islearningfromtheirmistakes.31.A.shrinkB.growC.disappearD.emerge32.A.obtainedB.blockedC.separatedD.arranged33.A.makingprogressinB.gettingengagedinC.becomingpartofD.takingadvantageof34.A.valueB.recordC.knowledgeD.feeling35.A.opponentsB.providersC.learnersD.instructors36.A.addingB.collectingC.targetingD.producing37.A.changedB.forbiddenC.clearedD.launched38.A.marketingB.evolutionC.locationD.branding39.A.measureB.wonderC.noticeD.forget40A.devotedB.opposedC.relatedD.exposed41.A.conceptB.dataC.customerD.research42.A.stressB.conflictC.injuryD.problem43.A.aspectsB.demandsC.criticismsD.details44.A.addressB.shareC.reflectD.emphasize45.A.benefitsB.difficultiesC.challengesD.conditions【答案】31.B32.B33.D34.C35.B36.C37.D38.C39.A40.D41.B42.D43.C44.A45.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了户外广告牌在“大数据”的加持下焕发新生。第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，这种户外广告预计在2022年将增长3.4％，而数字户外广告，包括机场和购物中心的液晶显示屏，将增长16％。A.shrink缩小，减少；B.grow增长；C.disappear消失；D.emerge出现。根据下文“Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphones(这样的广告吸引了手机观众的注意力)”及下文内容可知，户外广告预计在2022年将增长3.4％，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与在线广告不同，这类广告吸引观众注意，无法跳过或屏蔽。A.obtained获得；B.blocked遮住；C.separated分离；D.arranged安排。此处与“skipped”意义一致，结合句意及“unlikeadsonline”可知，户外广告无法被屏蔽，故选B。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：广告牌公司也在利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据。A.makingprogressin在……方面进步；B.gettingengagedin从事；C.becomingpartof成为……一员；D.takingadvantageof利用。根据下一句“Informationabouttheirowners’locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.(有关手机用户的行踪和在线浏览的信息被收集起来并出售给媒体所有者)”可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：把这些信息添加到对交通、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，就可以生成高度相关的广告。A.value价值；B.record记录；C.knowledge知识，信息；D.feeling感觉。根据上文“Theythenusethesedatatoworkoutwhendifferentgroups—‘businesstravellers’,say—walkbytheirads.(然后它们利用这些数据计算出不同的人口群体——比如‘商务旅客’——何时经过它们的广告牌)”可知，此处指上文提到的利用数据计算出的“信息(knowledge)”。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字户外广告供应商可以在天气寒冷时播放咖啡广告，在炎热时打出冷饮广告。A.opponents对手；B.providers供应者；C.learners学习者；D.instructors教练，导师。结合句意及“deliverads”可知，此处指广告供应商播放广告。故选B。【36题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：这种定向广告在与“程序化”广告方法结合时尤为有效，“程序化”广告就是利用数据来实现广告的自动化及改进。A.adding增加；B.collecting收集；C.targeting目标市场选择；D.producing生产。根据上文内容可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的数据再精准投放广告，所以此处指定向广告，故选C。【37题详解】第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去一年里，ClearChannel和JCDecaux等广告牌公司推出了程序化广告平台，让品牌和媒体买家按分钟选择、购买和投放广告，而不是按天或按周。A.changed改变；B.forbidden禁止；C.cleared清理；D.launched发起，发行。根据“whichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselect,purchaseandplaceadsinminutes,ratherthandaysorweeks”可知，此处指推出程序化广告平台，launch符合语境，故选D。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说户外广告会越来越像网络广告那样，根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买。A.marketing市场；B.evolution进化；C.location位置；D.branding品牌。根据上文“Billboardownersarealso____3____thelocationdata”可知，广告牌公司利用收集用户的位置信息，所以户外广告会根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买，故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是可能的，因为广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，即使没有“点击率”。A.measure测量；B.wonder想知道；C.notice注意到；D.forget忘记。根据下一句“Datafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividualadvertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.(数据机构能告诉广告商一天的特定时间路过某广告的人数)”及下文提到可以估计购买产品的人数可知，此处指广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，下文中的“measurable”也是提示。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：广告商可以估计接触一款手提包广告，然后走进附近的商店（或网站）并购买该产品的人数。A.devoted致力于；B.opposed反对；C.related使有联系；D.exposed接触。根据上下文及“thengoontovisitanearbyshop(orwebsite)andbuytheproduct”可知，此处指接触到广告，然后去购买，故选D。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：纽约广告技术公VistarMedia联合创始人MichaelProvenzano认为，这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性、自动化和可衡量性。A.concept概念；B.data数据；C.customer顾客；D.research研究。上文讲述用数据测量出广告的效果，所以此处指这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性，故选B。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，户外广告革命并非没有问题。A.stress压力；B.conflict冲突；C.injury伤，损害；D.problem问题。根据下一句“Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacyconcerns.(移动电话数据的收集引发对隐私的担忧)”可知，户外广告革命并非没有问题，故选D。【43题详解】第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评，也可能会针对户外业务，因为它变得越来越大，越来越复杂。A.aspects方面；B.demands需求；C.criticisms批评；D.details细节。根据“theonline-adbusinessforbeingvague,andoccasionallydishonest”可知，此处指“对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评”，故选C。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家媒体购买平台VIOOH首席执行官Jean-ChristopheConti表示，业界已准备好解决这些问题。A.address设法解决；B.share分享；C.reflect反映；D.emphasize强调。上文描述了户外广告的问题，此处是指业界准备好解决这些问题，故选A。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一就是从他们的错误中吸取教训。A.benefits好处；B.difficulties困难；C.challenges挑战；D.conditions条件。根据“learningfromtheirmistakes”可知，此处指追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一，故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ANoahreachedforhisguitar,rememberinghisfatherashedidso,thinkinghowmuchhemissedhim.Hestrummedonce,adjustedthetensionontwostrings,thenstrummedagain.Thistimeitsoundedaboutright,andhebegantoplay.Softmusic,quietmusic.Hehummedforalittlewhileatfirst,thenbegantosingasnightcamedownaroundhim.Heplayedandsanguntilthesunwasgoneandtheskyblack.Itwasalittleaftersevenwhenhequit,andhesettledbackintohischairandbegantorock.Byhabit,helookedupwardandsawOrionandtheBigDipper,GeminiandthePoleStar,twinklingintheautumnsky.Hestartedtorunthenumbersinhishead,thenstopped.Heknewhe’dspentalmosthisentiresavingsonthehouseandwouldhavetofindajobagainsoon,buthepushedthethoughtawayanddecidedtoenjoytheremainingmonthsofrestorationwithoutworryingaboutit.Besides,thinkingaboutmoneyusuallyboredhim.Earlyon,he’dlearnedtoenjoysimplethings,thingsthatcouldn’tbebought,andhehadahardtimeunderstandingpeoplewhofeltotherwise.Itwasanothertraithegotfromhisfather.Clem,hishounddog,cameuptohimthenandnuzzledhishandbeforelyingdownathisfeet.“Hey,girl,how’reyoudoing?”heaskedashepattedherhead,andshewhinedsoftly,hersoftroundeyespeeringupward.Acaraccidenthadtakenherleg,butshestillmovedwellenoughandkepthimcompanyonquietnightslikethese.Hewas第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 thirty-onenow,nottooold,butoldenoughtobelonely.Hehadn’tdatedsincehe’dbeenbackhere,hadn’tmetanyonewhoremotelyinterestedhim.Itwashisownfault,heknew.Therewassomethingthatkeptadistancebetweenhimandanywomanwhostartedtogetclose,somethinghewasn’tsurehecouldchangeevenifhetried.Andsometimesinthemomentsrightbeforesleepcame,hewonderedifhewasdestinedtobealoneforever.Theeveningpassed,stayingwarm,nice.Noahlistenedtothecricketsandtherustlingleaves,thinkingthatthesoundofnaturewasmorerealandarousedmoreemotionthanthingslikecarsandplanes.Naturalthingsgavebackmorethantheytook,andtheirsoundsalwaysbroughthimbacktothewaymanwassupposedtobe.“It’llkeepyoufromgoingcrazy,”hisfatherhadtoldhimthedayhe’dshippedout.“It’sGod’smusicandit’lltakeyouhome.”Hefinishedhistea,wentinside,foundabook,thenturnedontheporchlightonhiswaybackout.Aftersittingdownagain,helookedatthebook.Itwasold,thecoverwastorn,andthepageswerestainedwithmudandwater.ItwasLeavesofGrassbyWaltWhitman,andhehadcarrieditwithhimthroughoutthewar.Ithadeventakenabulletforhimonce.Herubbedthecover,dustingitoffjustalittle.Thenheletthebookopenrandomlyandreadthewordsinfrontofhim:ThisisthyhourOSoul,thyfreeflightintothewordless.Awayfrombooks,awayfromart,thedayerased,thelessondone.Theefullyforthemerging,silent,gazing,ponderingthethemesthoulovestbest.Night,sleep,deathandthestars.ForsomereasonWhitmanalwaysremindedhimofNewBern,andhewasgladhe’dcomeback.Thoughhe’dbeenawayfromfourteenyears,thiswashomeandheknewalotofpeoplehere,mostofthemfromhisyouth.Likesomanysoutherntowns,thepeoplewholivedhereneverchanged,theyjustgrewabitolder.46.Theunderlinedsentenceinparagraphtwoistheequivalentof“_________”.A.hehatedthosewhowereunabletoappreciatesimplethingsinlifeB.hedidn’tseeeyetoeyewithpeoplewholikedtosavemoneyC.hehaddifficultyinfiguringouthowhegotthistraitfromhisfatherD.hedidn’tunderstandwhypeopleweresomaterialistic47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingthepassage?A.Noahoftenplayedtheguitarandobservedthestars.B.Clemthedogshowedgreataffectionforhermaster.C.Noahwasdestinedtobealonesincenowomanseemedinterestedinhim.D.Noahplannedtorestorehishousebeforelandinghimselfajob.48.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldNoah’sfathermostagreewith?A.Patientssufferingfrommentaldisordercanbecuredbynature.B.Thecloseryouaretonature,thecloseryouaretoyourtrueself.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C.WherethereisGod’smusic,thereishome.D.Agoodbookisaman’sbesetcompany.49.LeavesofGrassbyWaltWhitman_________.A.hadbeenatreasurebutwasnowtoodamagedtoreadB.recordedthelivesofNewBern’speoplewhoneverchangedovertheyearsC.wasbeyondNoah’sunderstandingsoherandomlypickedupsomewordstoreadD.stirredafeelingofnostalgiainNoah【答案】46.D47.C48.B49.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了回到老家的某天Noah弹吉他时的感触。【46题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文“Heknewhe’dspentalmosthisentiresavingsonthehouseandwouldhavetofindajobagainsoon,buthepushedthethoughtawayanddecidedtoenjoytheremainingmonthsofrestorationwithoutworryingaboutit.Besides,thinkingaboutmoneyusuallyboredhim.Earlyon,he’dlearnedtoenjoysimplethings,thingsthatcouldn’tbebought,(他知道自己几乎把所有的积蓄都花在了房子上，很快就得再找一份工作了，但他放弃了这个想法，决定享受剩下的几个月的修缮工作，不用担心。此外，想到钱通常会让他感到厌烦。早期，他学会了享受简单的东西，那些买不到的东西)”可知，Noah此刻享受的是用金钱无法买来的东西，由此可知划线句子意为“他不明白为什么有的人很物质（把快乐建立在物质生活上）”。故选D。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Itwashisownfault,heknew.Therewassomethingthatkeptadistancebetweenhimandanywomanwhostartedtogetclose,somethinghewasn’tsurehecouldchangeevenifhetried.Andsometimesinthemomentsrightbeforesleepcame,hewonderedifhewasdestinedtobealoneforever.(他知道这是他自己的错。他和任何开始走近的女人之间都有某种距离，即使他尝试了，他也不确定能不能改变。有时，在睡前的时刻，他会想自己是否注定要永远孤独)”可知，Noah认为自己注定孤独不是因为没有女人对他感兴趣，而是他和她们保持某种距离。故选C。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Theeveningpassed,stayingwarm,nice.Noahlistenedtothecricketsandtherustlingleaves,thinkingthatthesoundofnaturewasmorerealandarousedmoreemotionthanthingslikecarsandplanes.Naturalthingsgavebackmorethantheytook,andtheirsoundsalwaysbroughthimbacktothewaymanwassupposedtobe.“It’llkeepyoufromgoingcrazy,”hisfatherhadtoldhimthedayhe’dshippedout.“It’sGod’s第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 musicandit’lltakeyouhome.”(夜晚过去了，温暖而美好。Noah听着蟋蟀的叫声和树叶的沙沙声，觉得大自然的声音比汽车和飞机的声音更真实，更能激起人们的情感。自然事物给予的比索取的多，大自然的声音总能把他带回人类应有的样子。“这样你就不会发疯了。”他出航那天，父亲对他说。“这是上帝的音乐，它会带你回家。”)”可知，Noah的父亲认为大自然的声音是上帝的声音，它会让人平静，并且会带人们回到生养自己的地方，做回真正的自己。由此推知，Noah的父亲会同意“你越接近自然，你就越接近真实的自己”。故选B。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ForsomereasonWhitmanalwaysremindedhimofNewBern,andhewasgladhe’dcomeback.Thoughhe’dbeenawayfromfourteenyears,thiswashomeandheknewalotofpeoplehere,mostofthemfromhisyouth.Likesomanysoutherntowns,thepeoplewholivedhereneverchanged,theyjustgrewabitolder.(出于某种原因，惠特曼总是让他想起NewBern，他很高兴自己能回来。虽然他已经离开了14年，但这里是他的家，他在这里认识很多人，其中大部分是他年轻时认识的。像许多南方城镇一样，住在这里的人从来没有改变过，他们只是变老了一点)”推知，惠特曼的《草叶集》激起了诺亚的怀旧之情。故选D。BPeoplewithfixedmindsetsbelievethat:●Skill,intelligenceandtalentsarenatural.●Failureisshamefulandshouldbeavoided.●Somepeoplearenaturallygoodatthingswhileothersnot.●Youarenotincontrolofyourabilities.Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat:●Youhavethecapacitytolearnandgrowyourskills.●Failureisavaluablelesson.●Peoplewhoaregoodatsomethingaregoodbecausetheybuildthatability.●Youareincontrolofyourabilities.haveadesiretolooksmart,sotendto:haveadesiretolearn,sotendto:第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 —Avoidchallenges.—Giveupeasily.—Seeeffortasfruitlessorworse.—Ignoreusefulnegativefeedback.—Feelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.—Embracechallenges.—Persistinthefaceofsetbacks.—Seeeffortasthepathtomastery.—Learnfromcriticism.—Findlessonsandinspirationinthesuccessofothers.Asaresult,theymaystayatthesamelevelearlyandachievelessthantheirfullpotential.Asaresult,theyreachever-higherlevelsofachievement.Changecanbetough,butI’veneverheardanyonesayitwasn’tworthit.Didchangingtoagrowthmindsetsolveallmyproblems?No.ButIknowthatIhaveadifferentlifebecauseofit—aricherone.50.Thebook“mindset”isintendedto________.A.tellreadersthattwodifferentmindsetsleadtodifferentresultsB.illustratethatpeoplewithdifferentmindsetsholddifferentbeliefsC.helpreadersbelievepeopleactdifferentlywhenfacingchallengesD.persuadepeopletolearntochangesoastoenjoyamorefruitfullife51.Generallyspeaking,peoplewithfixedmindsetsaremostly________.A.successfulB.straightforwardC.intelligentD.narrow-minded52.Apersonwithagrowthmindsetislikelytosay________.A.“IfIwin,I’llbesomebody;ifIlose,I’llbenobody.”B.“Tobegoodatsports,youneedtobenaturallygifted.”C.“Learntechniquesandskillsandpracticethemregularly,andyouwillalwaysimprove.”D.“Youhaveacertainlevelofabilityinsportsandyoucannotreallydomuchtochangeit.”【答案】50.D51.D52.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“mindset”这本书。【50题详解】推理判断题。根据文中两个表格内容“Peoplewithfixedmindsetsbelievethat(固定心态的人认为)”和“Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat(拥有成长型心态的人相信)”第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 可知，本文通过两种不同心态的人进行对比，最后得出结论，根据表格最后“Changecanbetough,butI’veneverheardanyonesayitwasn’tworthit.Didchangingtoagrowthmindsetsolveallmyproblems?No.ButIknowthatIhaveadifferentlifebecauseofit—aricherone.(改变是艰难的，但我从未听任何人说不值得。转变成长型思维模式能解决我所有的问题吗？不。但我知道，我有一个不同的生活，因为它——一个更丰富的生活)”可知，《心态》一书的目的是说服人们学会改变，才能享受更丰硕的人生。故选D项。【51题详解】推理判断题。根据表格中间左边部分haveadesiretolooksmart,sotendto下的“Feelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.(对他人的成功感到威胁)”可推知固定心态的人一般是心胸狭窄的。故选D项。【52题详解】推理判断题。根据表格上面右边部分Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat下的“Youhavethecapacitytolearnandgrowyourskills.(你有能力学习和提高自己的技能)”以及中间部分haveadesiretolearn,sotendto下的“Seeeffortasthepathtomastery.(把努力看作是通往精通的道路)”结合选项可推知，C项“Learntechniquesandskillsandpracticethemregularly,andyouwillalwaysimprove.(学习技术和技巧，并经常练习，你就会不断进步)”是一个拥有成长型思维模式的人可能会说的。故选C项。CInthefilmInsideOut,11-year-oldRiley’semotionsarepersonifiedasbrightlycoloredinternalfiguresthatdriveherbehaviors.Thesamefiveemotions—anger,fear,disgust(憎恶),sadness,andjoy—appearineveryothercharacter’sheadaswell,functioninginmuchthesamewayineachindividual.InWesterncultures,thisisthecase,arguespsychologistBatjaMesquitainBetweenUs.Emotionsinsuchcontexts,shewrites,areconsidered“MINE,”or“Mental,INsidetheperson,andEssentialist,”thelatterdefinedinthebookasalwayshavingthesameproperties.Thisconceptionofemotionisnotuniversal,however.Emotionselsewhere,sheargues,arethoughtofas“OURS”—“OUtsidetheperson,Relational,andSituated.”Usingthisdistinction,Mesquitasetsaboutcontrastingemotionsin“theWest,”wheretheindividualisthetopconcern,with“theRest,”wherecommunityisprioritized.MesquitadescribesamaeasacentralemotioninJapaneseculture,whereitbuildsinterdependencebyencouragingtoleranceinparentingprocess.Shedescribeshasham—whichincludesshame,embarrassment,andsocialrespectability—asafundamentalemotionforEgyptianBedouins(游牧人).Suchobservationsprovideabackgroundforhertoexplorearangeofissues,includingchildhoodsocialization,thenatureoffriendship,theroleoflanguageinshapingemotions,andcross-culturalcommunicationinaglobalizedworld.DespiteMesquita’semphasisoncross-culturalemotions,thereislittlediscussionofwhether第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 theMINE-OURSdichotomy(二分法)accuratelyexplainsglobalculturalvariation.Otherscholarshavenoted,forexample,thathunter-gatherersocietiesatthesametimeemphasizebothindividualself-governmentandsocialcooperation.Andinanapparentcontradictiontoherearlierarguments,MesquitaherselfultimatelyconcludesthatWesternershaveOURSemotions.Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,presentingaremarkablecollectionofcross-culturalstudiesintermixedwithpersonalstoriesaboutforeignresidents’strugglestoreunitediverseemotionalandsocialworlds.Inchapter8,forexample,Mesquitadescribesanincidentwhereshe—aDutchnativelivingintheUnitedStates—bumpedintothefamousAmericanpsychologistHazelMarkusataconferenceMarkushelpedorganize.WishingtoexpressunderstandingofMarkus’sworkload,Mesquitadeclared“Youlookalittletired.”TheremarkappearedtomakeMarkusnervousandconfusedbutwasintendedasanexpressionofsympathy—tosympathizeinDutchistoacknowledgesuffering,notoffercomfortasintheUS.Thebook’stake-homemessageisfundamental:Therearenonaturalemotions,noinbornemotions,nouniversalemotions.Mesquitaarguesthatemotionsare“meaningmaking”and“apreparationforaction”andthattheideaof“emotionsasinnerstates”isaWesternconstruct.Instead,shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.53.InBetweenUs,Mesquitaindicatesthat______.A.theJapanesebuildkids’emotionofshameinparentingBMINE-OURSdichotomyistheverycauseofcross-culturalemotionsC.emotionsoutside“theWest”areconsideredcommunity-centredD.hunter-gatherershavebothemotionsof“OURS”and“MINE”54.Wecaninferfromtheincidentinparagraph5that______.A.theemotionofsympathyistoofferhelpinDutchcultureB.foreignresidentsfromdifferentculturesusuallyuniteasoneC.asDutchMesquitashowsherpersonalityofwarmthandcaringD.cross-culturalemotionalexchangesprobablycausemisunderstanding55.WhatisMesquita’smainargumentaboutemotionsinherbook?A.Familyeducationhardlyinfluencesone’semotions.B.Socioculturalcontextslargelycontributetoemotions.C.Westernpeople’semotionshavenopropertiesofOURS.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D.Internalfactorsplayavitalroleinshapinghowwefeel.56.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheculturallandscapeofemotionsB.TheculturaloriginofemotionsC.TheculturalconventionofemotionsD.Theculturalshockofemotions【答案】53.C54.D55.B56.B【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对书籍“InBetweenUs”中关于情感的描述，介绍了作者——心理学家Mesquita对于情感的概念和产生原因的理解，体现了社会文化背景对情感的影响。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Usingthisdistinction,Mesquitasetsaboutcontrastingemotionsin“theWest,”wheretheindividualisthetopconcern,with“theRest,”wherecommunityisprioritized.”（利用这一区别，Mesquita开始对比“西方”和“其他国家”的情感，“西方”的个人是最受关注的，“其他国家”的社区是优先考虑的。）可知，Mesquita表明了在“西方”之外的情感被认为是以社区为中心的。故选C。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“WishingtoexpressunderstandingofMarkus’sworkload,Mesquitadeclared“Youlookalittletired.”TheremarkappearedtomakeMarkusnervousandconfusedbutwasintendedasanexpressionofsympathy--tosympathizeinDutchistoacknowledgesuffering,notoffercomfortasintheUS.”（为了表达对Markus工作量的理解，Mesquita说:“你看起来有点累。”这句话似乎让Markus感到紧张和困惑，但这是一种同情的表达——在荷兰，同情是承认痛苦，而不是像在美国那样提供安慰。）可知，Mesquita的话引起了Markus的误解，说明跨文化的情感交流可能会造成彼此之间的误解。故选D。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）可知，Mesquita在书中的主要观点是社会文化背景在很大程度上导致了情感的产生。故选B。【56题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,”（然而，从整体上看，这本书对情感起源的讨论做出了很大贡献）和最后一段“shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要是通过Mesquita在她的书中的观点讨论了情感的文化起源。故选B。第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.IronCooksRobotshavearrivedinAmericanrestaurantsandhotelsforthesamereasonstheyfirstarrivedonfactoryfloors.____57____Labor,meanwhile,isgettingexpensive,assomecitiesandstatespasslawsraisingtheminimumwage.“Wethinkwe’vehitthepointwherelabor-wageratesarenowmakingautomationofthosetasksmakealotmoresense,”BobWright,thechiefoperationsofficerofthefast-foodchainWendy’s,saidinaconferencecallwithinvestorslastFebruary,referringtojobsthatfeature“repetitiveproductiontasks.”Wendy’sandMcDonald’sareintheprocessofinstallingself-servicekiosksinlocationsacrossthecountry,allowingcustomerstoorderwithoutevertalkingtoanemployee.____58____TheinternationalchainCaliBurger,forexample,willsooninstallFlippy,arobotthatcanmake150burgersanhour.JohnMiller,theCEOofCaliGroup,whichownsthechain,saysemployeesdon’tlikeworkinginthekitchen.Oncetherobotsaresweatingthere,humanemployeeswillbefreetointeractwithcustomersinmore-targetedways,bringingthemextranapkinsandaskingthemhowthey’reenjoyingtheirburgers.Howmanyemployees,though,doyouneedworkinginthecafé?____59____WillcompanieslikeCaliBurgerseesufficientvalueinemployinghumangreetersandsoup-and-sandwichdelivererstokeepthosepositionsaroundlong-term?TheexperienceofEatsamaybeinstructive.Thestart-uprestaurant,basedinSanFrancisco,allowscustomerstoorderitsquinoabowlsandsaladsontheirsmartphoneoranin-storetabletandthenpickuptheirorderfromawhitewallofcubbies—anAutomatfortheappage.Initially,twogreeterswerestationedalongsidethecubbiestowelcomeanddirectcustomers.____60____Sothecompanynowemploysasinglegreeterinitsrestaurants.A.Theearlysuccessofthekioskssuggeststhat,atleastwhenorderingfastfood,customersprizespeedoverhigh-touchcustomerservice.B.Businessownersinsistthatrobotswilltakeoverworkthatisdirty,dangerous,orjustdull,enablinghumanstofocusonothertasks.C.Thebetterhopeforworkersmightbethatautomationhelpsthefood-serviceindustrycontinuetodevelop.D.Butovertime,customersreliedlessfrequentlyonthegreeters.E.Thecostofmachineshasfallensignificantlyinrecentyears,dropping40percentsince2005.F.Thishastypicallybeenthestoryofautomation:Technologyeliminatesoldjobs,butitalsocreatesnewones.第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】57.E58.B59.A60.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店以及所带来的变化。【57题详解】根据上文“RobotshavearrivedinAmericanrestaurantsandhotelsforthesamereasonstheyfirstarrivedonfactoryfloors.(机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店的原因与它们最初进入工厂的原因相同)”以及后文“Labor,meanwhile,isgettingexpensive,assomecitiesandstatespasslawsraisingtheminimumwage.(与此同时，随着一些城市和州通过提高最低工资标准的法律，劳动力成本也越来越高)”可知，上文提到了机器人进入了餐馆和酒店，后文则提到了劳动力成本增加，可见本句是在说明机器的成本问题。故E选项“近年来机器的成本大幅下降，自2005年以来下降了40%”符合语境，故选E。【58题详解】根据后文“TheinternationalchainCaliBurger,forexample,willsooninstallFlippy,arobotthatcanmake150burgersanhour.JohnMiller,theCEOofCaliGroup,whichownsthechain,saysemployeesdon’tlikeworkinginthekitchen.Oncetherobotsaresweatingthere,humanemployeeswillbefreetointeractwithcustomersinmore-targetedways,bringingthemextranapkinsandaskingthemhowthey’reenjoyingtheirburgers.(例如，国际连锁店CaliBurger很快就会安装Flippy，这是一个每小时可以制作150个汉堡的机器人。拥有该连锁店的卡利集团的首席执行官约翰·米勒说，员工不喜欢在厨房工作。一旦机器人在那里出汗，人类员工就可以自由地以更有针对性的方式与顾客互动，给他们额外的餐巾纸，并询问他们喜欢吃汉堡吗)”可知，后文国际连锁店CaliBurger的例子表明，机器人可以代替人类去做枯燥的工作，而人类可以专注于与顾客互动，故B选项“企业主们坚持认为，机器人将取代肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务”符合语境，故选B。【59题详解】根据上文“Howmanyemployees,though,doyouneedworkinginthecafé?(但是，你需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作？)”以及后文“WillcompanieslikeCaliBurgerseesufficientvalueinemployinghumangreetersandsoup-and-sandwichdelivererstokeepthosepositionsaroundlong-term?(像CaliBurger这样的公司是否认为雇佣接待员和送汤送三明治的人来长期维持这些职位有足够的价值？)”可知，本句承接上文，回答需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作的问题，且结合后文提到了送三明治，即快餐行业，故A选项“自助服务站早期的成功表明，至少在订购快餐时，顾客更看重速度，而不是高质量的顾客服务”符合语境，故选A。【60题详解】根据上文“TheexperienceofEatsamaybeinstructive.Thestart-uprestaurant,basedinSanFrancisco,allowscustomerstoorderitsquinoabowlsandsaladsontheirsmartphoneoranin-storetabletandthenpickuptheirorder第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 fromawhitewallofcubbies—anAutomatfortheappage.Initially,twogreeterswerestationedalongsidethecubbiestowelcomeanddirectcustomers.(Eatsa的经验可能是有益的。这家初创餐厅总部位于旧金山，顾客可以在智能手机或店内平板电脑上订购奎奴亚藜碗和沙拉，然后从一排白色的小隔间里取餐——这是应用时代的自动售货机。最初，两名迎宾员站在小隔间旁边，欢迎和指导顾客)”以及后文“Sothecompanynowemploysasinglegreeterinitsrestaurants.(因此，该公司现在在其餐厅雇佣了一名迎宾员)”可知，上文和后文提到了迎宾员的变化情况，可知本句是在说明迎宾员的数量问题，D选项中greeters对应上文中greeters。故D选项“但随着时间的推移，顾客对迎宾员的依赖越来越少”符合语境，故选D。II.Translation(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.61.他很少想到要降低压力，因为他认为压力对他有益。(beneficial)(汉译英)【答案】Heseldomthinksofreducingstress,becauseheconsidersitbeneficialtohim.【解析】【详解】考查形容词、名词和固定短语以及时态。表示“很少”应用副词seldom；表示“压力”应用名词stress；表示“有益的”应用形容词beneficial；表示“认为某物……”应用“considersth.+形容词作宾语补足语”。根据句意，此处应用一般现在时。故翻译为：Heseldomthinksofreducingstress,becauseheconsidersitbeneficialtohim.62.人们常把鸽子与和平联系在一起。你知道为什么鸽子象征和平吗?(associate)(汉译英)【答案】Peopleoftenassociatepigeonswithpeace.Doyouknowwhypigeonssymbolizepeace?【解析】【详解】考查名词，动词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“人们”应用名词people；表示“常”应用副词often；表示“鸽子”应用名词pigeon；表示“和平”应用名词peace；表示“把…与…联系在一起”应用动词短语associate…with…；表示“你”应用代词you；表示“知道”应用动词know；表示“为什么”应用连词why；表示“象征”应用动词symbolize；分析句子结构和意思可知，“你知道为什么鸽子象征和平吗?”是一般疑问句，“为什么鸽子象征和平”是“知道”的宾语，要用宾语从句的结构来表达，连词用why；这句话描述的是一般事实，所以谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为Peopleoftenassociatepigeonswithpeace.Doyouknowwhypigeonssymbolizepeace?63.全球变暖和青少年犯罪是竞选活动中的关键问题。(campaign)(汉译英)【答案】Globalwarmingandadolescentcrimesarekeyissuesinthecampaign.【解析】【详解】考查名词和形容词。表示“全球变暖”应用名词短语globalwarming；表示“青少年”应用形容词adolescent；表示“犯罪”应用名词crime；表示“竞选活动”应用名词campaign。故翻译为：Global第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 warmingandadolescentcrimesarekeyissuesinthecampaign.64.这项法令刚执行，关于减肥产品的广告就在电视上禁播了。(Hardly,ban)(汉译英)【答案】Hardlyhadthelawbeenimplementedwhenadvertisementsforweight-lossproductswerebannedonTV.【解析】【详解】考查名词，动词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“这项法令”应用名词短语thelaw；表示“执行”应用动词implement；表示“关于”应用介词for；表示“减肥”应用名词weight-loss；表示“产品”应用名词product；表示“广告”应用名词advertisement；表示“在电视上”应用介词短语onTV；表示“禁播”应用动词ban；表示“刚……就……”应用固定句型Hardlyhad…when...；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示“刚…就…”的固定句型是过去完成时。故翻译为Hardlyhadthelawbeenimplementedwhenadvertisementsforweight-lossproductswerebannedonTV.III.GuidedWriting(25%)65.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositioninnolessthan150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.ChinaDaily正在开展一项国民运动调查，报告显示，健走已成为中国人最常见的运动。请根据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容要点：1.描述调查结果；2.分析健走最受欢迎原因；3.说明你的看法。注意：词数150词；短文题目已写好。MostPopularTypesofExerciseAmongChinese第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】MostPopularTypesofExerciseAmongChineseArecentsurveybyChinaDailyhasunveiledthatfastwalkingtoppedallexerciseactivitiesinChinanow,whichtakesup36.93%.Nearlyaquarterlikerunning.Thenumberofpeoplewhoareinfavorofcyclingis14.6%ofthewhole.3.46%ofthemdancetoexercise.Andtheresthavesomeotherexerciseactivities.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelikefastwalkingastheirfavoriteexerciseactivities.First,itcanchangebloodquality,regulatevascularfunctionandimproveourcardiopulmonaryfunctionandendurance.Besides,ourboneandjointhealthcanbepromotedandhumanimmunitycanbeincreased.Mostimportantly,wecanimproveourmentalstateandsleepqualitythroughthiskindofexercise.Asisshownabove,therearesomanybenefitsoffastwalking.It’snowonderthatsomanypeoplelikeitnow.Butinmyopinion,everypersonhashisowntimescheduleandhobby.Aslongasitisbeneficialtotheirhealth,whichevertypeofexercisehelikesisgood.【解析】【导语】本文是图表作文。要求考生根据图表中的调查结果写一篇有关ChinaDaily正在开展的国民运动调查报告。【详解】1.词汇积累显示：unveil→show喜欢：like→infavorof原因：reason→cause此外：Besides→what’smore在我看来：inmyopinion→inmyview2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Mostimportantly,wecanimproveourmentalstateandsleepqualitythroughthiskindofexercise.拓展句：What’sthemostimportantisthatwecanimproveourmentalstateandsleepqualitythroughthiskindofexercise.【点睛】【高分句型1】ArecentsurveybyChinaDailyhasunveiledthat fastwalking toppedallexerciseactivitiesinChinanow,whichtakesup36.93%.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【高分句型1】It’snowonderthatsomanypeoplelikeitnow.（由that引导的主语从句）第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第31页/共31页学科网（北京）股份有限公司