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山东省2021年冬季普通高中学业水平合格考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)略第二部分阅读(共10小题：每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列文本，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMary,areporterfromHistoryWeekly,isinterviewingMalcolm,thecurator(馆长)ofthePowellCottonMuseum.Mary:Hello,I’mMary.Nicetomeetyou.Malcolm:Hello,I’mMalcolm.I’mthecuratorofthePowellCottonMuseum.Welcome.Mary:Couldyoushowmearoundthemuseum?Malcolm:Sure,comein.Mary:Sowhostartedthismuseum?Malcolm:ThemuseumwasbuiltbyanEnglishmancalledPowellCotton.Hewasbornin1866anddiedin1940.Mary:Whowashe?Malcolm:Hewasanadventurer,explorerandhunter.Mary:Sowhichcountriesdidhevisit?Malcolm:HevisitedmostlyAfricabutalsopartsofAsiaaswell,includingLadakhandsomepartsofIndia.Mary:Didhehaveafavoritecountry?Malcolm:Idon’tknowaboutafavoritecountry,butcertainlyhisfavoritecontinentwasAfrica.Mary:Whatwashislongesttrip?Malcolm:Hislongesttripwasthirtymonthsandthatwasin1903toAfricaMary:Whatisyourfavoritethinginthemuseum?Malcolm:Myfavoritethingisthislion.ThisisthesamelionthatattackedPowellCottonin1906.HesurvivedbecausethelocalAfricanskilledthelion.1.Whoisthecuratorofthemuseum?A.MaryB.Malcolm.C.PowellCotton.D.AnAfrican.2.WhatdoweknowaboutPowellCotton?
A.HewasaFrenchman.B.HeneverwenttoAsia.C.Helikedadventures.D.Hediedin1903.3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelioninthemuseum?A.ItwasmovedtoEnglandin1903.B.ItwaskilledbyPowellCotton.C.ItkilledPowellCotton.D.ItwasfromAfrica.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻采访。文章主要讲述了《历史周刊》的记者Mary采访PowellCotton博物馆的馆长Malcolm的对话内容。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Mary,areporterfromHistoryWeekly,isinterviewingMalcolm,thecurator(馆长)ofthePowellCottonMuseum.(《历史周刊》的记者Mary正在采访PowellCotton博物馆的馆长Malcolm。)”可知，PowellCotton博物馆的馆长是Malcolm。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第十一行“Malcolm:Hewasanadventurer,explorerandhunter.(Malcolm：他一个冒险家，探险家和猎人。)”可知，PowellCotton喜欢探险。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Malcolm:Myfavoritethingisthislion.ThisisthesamelionthatattackedPowellCottonin1906.HesurvivedbecausethelocalAfricanskilledthelion.(Malcolm：我最喜欢的是这只狮子。这就是1906年袭击鲍威尔·科顿的那头狮子。他活了下来，因为当地的非洲人杀死了狮子。)”可知，这只狮子来自非洲。故选D。BOnceuponatime,therelivedaverywisefarmerwhocouldgrowverygoodcorn.Eachyearhewouldtakepartinthestatefarmer’sfair(展览会)andwinatopawardforhiscorn.Hebecamefamousandattractedthevillagersnearbytovisithisfarm.Andbigcompaniescametobuyhiscornaswell.Thestoryofthefarmerreachedtheearsofareporter.Curiousaboutthesecretofhissuccess,thereportercametointerviewhim.Whilehewaslearningaboutthefarmer’sgrowingskills,hefoundthatthefarmershared
hisbestqualityseeds(种子)withhisneighbors.“Howcanyouaffordtoshareyourbestcornseedswithyourneighborswhensomeofthemmightgotothefairaswell?”thereporterasked.“Whywouldn’tI?”thefarmerreplied.“Thewindpicksuppollen(花粉)fromthecornandmovesitfromfieldtofield.Ifmyneighborsgrowpoorqualitycorn,crosspollination(授粉)willfinallydamagethequalityofmycorntoo.IfIamtogrowhighqualitycorn,Imusthelpmyneighborsgrowgoodcorntoo.”Thefarmer’sanswermadethereporterunderstandconnectionsinlife.Itisthesamewithourlives.Thosewhochoosetoliveinpeacemusthelpothersaroundthemtoliveinpeacetoo.Thosewhowishtobelovedmustfirstlearntoloveotherstoo.4WhatdoweknowaboutthefarmerfromParagraph1?A.Hesetupacorncompany.B.Hesoldhisfarmtoavillager.C.Hewasanofficialofthestate.D.Hewonanawardforhiscorneachyear.5.Whycouldthefarmergrowgoodcorn?A.Hesharedhisbestseedswithhisneighbors.BHisneighborshelpedhimgrowcorn.C.Hewateredhiscorneveryday.D.Hisneighborsgavehimtools.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthefarmer’ssuccess?A.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Helpingotherscanhelpustoo.D.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.【答案】4.D5.A6.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个擅长种玉米的农民分享了自己之所以每年都能种出好玉米的原因，是因为他每年都会分享自己最好的种子。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Eachyearhewouldtakepartinthestatefarmer’sfair(展览会)andwinatop
awardforhiscorn.(每年他都会参加州农民展览会，并以他的玉米赢得最高奖项。)”可知，这个农民因为自己种的玉米而得奖。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thestoryofthefarmerreachedtheearsofareporter.Curiousaboutthesecretofhissuccess,thereportercametointerviewhim.Whilehewaslearningaboutthefarmer’sgrowingskills,hefoundthatthefarmersharedhisbestqualityseeds(种子)withhisneighbors.(那位农民的故事传到了一位记者的耳朵里。记者好奇他成功的秘诀，就来采访他。当他了解农民的种植技能时，他发现农民会和邻居们分享他最好的种子。)”可知，这位农民之所以玉米种得好是因为他和邻居分享了自己最好的种子。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述了一个擅长种玉米的农民把好种子分享给邻居，这样他们都能种出好玉米。再根据文章最后一段“Itisthesamewithourlives.Thosewhochoosetoliveinpeacemusthelpothersaroundthemtoliveinpeacetoo.Thosewhowishtobelovedmustfirstlearntoloveotherstoo.(我们的生活也是如此。那些选择和平生活的人必须帮助周围的人也和平生活。希望被爱的人，首先也要学会爱别人。)”可推断，本文是想告诉我们帮助别人就是帮助自己。故选C。CDoyouthinkrobotscouldpassaneighth-gradetest?Guesswhattheycan!Theartificial(人工的)intelligence(AI)systemAristorecentlypassedthesameeighth-gradesciencetestthatsomeUSstudentstake,TheNewYorkTimesreported.Aristocorrectlyanswered90percentofthequestionsonthetest.ThisisanexampleoftheprogressthatisbeingmadeinAIdevelopment.Fouryearsago,700computerscientiststriedtodevelopAIsystemsthatcouldpassthesekindsofexams.Nonescoredhigherthan60percent.ScientistsattheAllenInstituteintheUSdevelopedthesystem.Aristowasabletopasstheexambecauseitcannotonlyunderstandlanguage,butalsouselogical(逻辑的)thinkingtosolvedifficultproblems.Forexample,itcanunderstandwhataforestfireisandhowitcouldaffectanimals.ThesystemusedBERT,akindofneural(神经的)networktechnologydevelopedbyGoogle,toanswerthequestions.BERThas“read”thousandsofarticlesandcanunderstandEnglish.Ifitlooksatasentencewithamissingword,itcancorrectlyguesswhatthewordis.WithBERT’shelp,Aristo“read”manymultiple-choice(多选的)questions.Overtime,itwasabletofindlogicalpatterns.Aristo’ssuccessmeansthatwemightseenewAI-basedproducts,suchassearchenginesanddatabasesforhospitals.AIsystemsmightbeabletobetterunderstandusersinthefuture.7.WhatisAristo?
A.Adifficultsciencetest.B.Anartificialintelligencesystem.C.Afamousscientist.D.Aneighth-gradestudent.8.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.AIsystemscouldpassallexams.B.Scientistsdeveloped700AIsystems.C.USeighth-gradestudentsfailedthesciencetest.DGreatprogresshasbeenmadeinAIdevelopment.9.WhywasAristoabletopasstheexam?A.Itcanunderstandlanguageandthinklogically.B.Ithasdevelopeditsownlanguage.C.Ithashumanneuralnetwork.D.ItisdevelopedbyGoogle.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?A.TheNewYorkTimes.B.Allen.C.BERT.D.Google【答案】7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人工智能机器人通过了美国八年级学生参加的科学测试，这就意味着我们可能会看到新的基于人工智能的产品，在未来，人工智能系统或许能够更好地理解用户。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Theartificial(人工的)intelligence(AI)systemAristorecentlypassedthesameeighth-gradesciencetestthatsomeUSstudentstake,TheNewYorkTimesreported.(据《纽约时报》报道，人工智能系统Aristo最近通过了与一些美国学生相同的八年级科学考试。)”可知，Aristo就是一套人工智能系统。故选B项。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Aristowasabletopasstheexambecauseitcannotonlyunderstandlanguage,butalsouselogical(逻辑的)thinkingtosolvedifficultproblems.(Aristo之所以能够通过考试，是因为它不仅能理解语言，还能运用逻辑思维解决难题。)”可以推断，人工智能有了很大的发展。故选D项。【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“WithBERT’shelp,Aristo“read”manymultiple-choice(多选的)questions.Overtime,itwasabletofindlogicalpatterns.(在BERT的帮助下，Aristo“阅读”了许多多项选择题。随着时间的推移，它能够找到逻辑模式。)”可知，之所以Aristo能够通过考试，是因为它使用的BERT系统能够能理解语言并有逻辑地思考，故选A项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据本段第一句“ThesystemusedBERT,akindofneural(神经的)networktechnologydevelopedbyGoogle”（该系统使用了谷歌开发的一种神经网络技术BERT）可知，该段主题是对BERT进行解释和分析，代词it所在的句子仍然是对BERT进行分析，所以it指代的内容应该是BERT，而不是Aristo，即：随着时间的推移，BERT能够找到逻辑模式，故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Threeweeksago,Mr.Smithwenttothebanktoexchangemoney.Whenhe___11___home,hereceivedamessagefromtheemployee(员工)ofthebankwhohad___12___him.“Mr.Smith,I’msorry.Wemadea___13___.Youowe(欠)ustencents.Pleasecometoourbankandpaybackthemoney.”Mr.Smiththoughtitwasajokeanddecidedto___14___themessage.Thenextdayhereceivedanother___15___withthesamerequest.Hegotangryandcalledthebank___16___.Hespoketotheemployeeandtoldherthateventhebankwouldn’tthinkitpropertospendsomuchvaluable___17___gettingtencentsback.Theemployeecouldn’tbelievethatMr.Smithwouldn’tagreetoreturn___18___thatwasnothis.Aftermuchdiscussionandwithnoagreementreached,MrSmithdecideditwas___19___toputthewholethingbehindhim.Lastweek,Mr.Smith____20____thebankagain.Thesameemployee____21____himimmediately.“Mr.Smith,”shesaid,“doyoustillrememberthatyouowedustencents?Wouldyoumindsettlingthedebt(债)?”Unableto____22____it,Mr.Smithgavetheemployeeadollar,askinghertokeepthechange.Mr.Smiththenleftthe____23____.Ashecrossedthestreet,theemployee____24____him.Inherhandswereareceipt(收据)fortencentsand90cents____25____.11.A.returnedB.lostC.tookD.built12.A.cheatedB.helpedC.taughtD.hit13.A.showB.breakC.speechD.mistake14.A.drawB.chooseC.ignoreD.hear15.A.medalB.messageC.jobD.gift
16.A.suddenlyB.carelesslyC.immediatelyD.recently17.A.timeB.bookC.ringD.health18.A.reasonB.momentC.paperD.money19.A.bestB.newestC.fastestD.deepest20.A.savedB.punishedC.protectedD.visited21.A.replacedB.recognizedC.forgotD.moved22.A.getB.hopeC.believeD.write23.A.homeB.bankC.shopD.station24.A.caughtupwithB.gotawayfromC.putupwithD.brokeawayfrom25.A.waterB.stoneC.valueD.change【答案】11.A12.B13.D14.C15.B16.C17.A18.D19.A20.D21.B22.C23.B24.A25.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述史密斯先生兑换钱时，银行职员错误多付他10美分并要求归还的故事。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他回到家时，他收到了曾经帮助过他的银行职员的信息。A.returned返回；B.lost失去；C.took带走；D.built建造。根据“hereceivedamessagefromtheemployee(员工)ofthebankwhohad___2___him.”可知，史密斯先生是兑换钱返回家之后收到信息的。故选A。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他回到家时，他收到了曾经帮助过他的银行职员的信息。A.cheated欺骗；B.helped帮助；C.taught教；D.hit撞击。根据“hereceivedamessagefromtheemployee(员工)ofthebank”可知，这位银行员工帮助过史密斯先生兑换钱的。故选B。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：史密斯先生，我很抱歉。我们犯了个错误。A.show展示；B.break休息；C.speech演讲；D.mistake错误。根据“Youowe(欠)ustencents.Pleasecometoourbankandpaybackthemoney.”可知，银行员工犯错误多给史密斯先生10美分。故选D。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯先生以为这是个玩笑，决定不理睬这条信息。A.draw画；B.choose选择；C.ignore忽略；D.hear听到。根据“Mr.Smiththoughtitwasajoke”可知，史密斯先生认为那条信息只是一个玩笑，所以忽略不理。故选C。
【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，他又收到了同样的请求的信息。A.medal奖牌；B.message信息；C.job工作；D.gift礼物。根据“hereceivedamessagefromtheemployee(员工)ofthebankwhohad___2___him.”可知，史密斯先生再次收到同样的信息。故选B。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他很生气，立刻给银行打了电话。A.suddenly突然；B.carelessly粗心地；C.immediately立即；D.recently最近。根据“Hegotangry”可知，史密斯先生立刻打电话给银行。故选C。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对这名员工说，即使是银行也不认为花这么多宝贵的时间来拿回10美分是合适的。A.time时间；B.book书；C.ring戒指；D.health健康。根据“Hespoketotheemployeeandtoldherthateventhebankwouldn’tthinkitpropertospendsomuchvaluable”可知，史密斯先生认为银行花这么多宝贵的时间来拿回10美分。固定搭配spendtimedoingsth.“花费时间做某事”。故选A。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名雇员不敢相信史密斯先生不同意退还不属于他的钱。A.reason原因；B.moment时机；C.paper纸；D.money金钱。根据“Pleasecometoourbankandpaybackthemoney.”可知，银行员工让史密斯先生退回多给的钱。故选D。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多次讨论，没有达成一致意见，史密斯先生决定最好把这件事抛在脑后。A.best最好的；B.newest最新的；C.fastest最快的；D.deepest最深的。根据“Aftermuchdiscussionandwithnoagreementreached,”可知，因为没有达成一致的意见，史密斯先生决定最好把这件事抛在脑后。故选A。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周，史密斯先生又去了那家银行。A.saved拯救；B.punished惩罚；C.protected保护；D.visited降临（某地）。根据“Thesameemployee___11___himimmediately.”可知，史密斯先生再次到那家银行办理业务。故选D。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同一名员工立刻认出了他。A.replaced代替；B.recognized认出；C.forgot忘记；D.moved感动。根据““Mr.Smith,”shesaid,“doyoustillrememberthatyouowedustencents?Wouldyoumindsettlingthedebt(债)?””可知，银行员工认出了史密斯先生。故选B。【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：难以置信的是，史密斯先生给了那名员工一美元，让她不用找了。A.get得到；B.hope希望；C.believe相信；D.write写。根据“Mr.Smithgavetheemployeeadollar,askinghertokeepthechange.”可知，史密斯先生给了那名银行员工一美元，让她不用找了，让银行员工难以置信。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后史密斯先生离开了银行。A.home家；B.bank银行；C.shop商店；D.station车站。根据“Lastweek,Mr.Smith___10___thebankagain.”可知，史密斯先生离开了银行。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他过马路时，那个雇员赶上了他。A.caughtupwith赶上；B.gotawayfrom离开；C.putupwith容忍；D.brokeawayfrom脱离。根据“Inherhandswereareceipt(收据)fortencentsand90cents___15___.”可知，银行员工追上了史密斯先生。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她手里拿着一张10美分的收据和90美分零钱。A.water水；B.stone石头；C.value价值；D.change零钱。根据“Inherhandswereareceipt(收据)fortencents”可知，银行员工手里还有找给史密斯先生90美分的零钱。故选D。第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tonybecameillandhadtospendalldayinbed.Becauseother____26____(child)couldnotcomenearhim,hefeltsadandlonely.Therewasn’tmuchtodo,sohejustlookedoutofthewindow.Oneday,he____27____(see)somethingstrangeoutsidethewindow.Itwasapenguin(企鹅)____28____(eat)asandwich.Thepenguinsaid“goodafternoon”____29____Tonyandthenleft.Tonywasvery____30____(surprise).Hetriedtofindoutwhatwasgoingon.Suddenly,hesawamonkeyplayingwithaballoon(气球)outsidehiswindow.Ashesawmoreandmorestrangeanimals,Tonycouldn’thelplaughing____31____foundithardtostop.Beforelong,hishealthimprovedandhewentbacktoschool,wherehisfriendsTom,JackandMarkwereallwaitingforhim.Hetold____32____(he)friendsaboutallthestrangethingsoutsidehiswindow.Whilehewastalking,hesawsomethinginMark’sschoolbag.Tonyaskedwhatit____33____(be)andMarkshowedhim.Insidethebagwerealotofclothes____34____lookedlikeanimals.HisfriendsworethemtocheerTonyupwhilehewasill!
Fromthatdayon,Tonyalwaystriedhisbest_____35_____(make)surehisfriendsneverfeltsadorlonely.【答案】26.children27.saw28.eating29.to30.surprised31.and32.his33.was34.which##that35.tomake【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公托尼总是尽他最大的努力让他的朋友们不再感到悲伤或孤独的故事。【26题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：因为其他孩子不能靠近他，他感到悲伤和孤独。根据other可知，此处为名词child的复数形式，表示“其他孩子们”，满足句意要求。故填children。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：一天，他看到窗外有奇怪的东西。根据上下文时态以及该句的Oneday可知，此处动词应为一般过去时。故填saw。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那是一只企鹅在吃三明治。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，因eat和逻辑主语apenguin为主动关系，所以为现在分词作后置定语修饰apenguin。故填eating。【29题详解】考查介词。句意：企鹅对托尼说了声“下午好”就离开了。此处saysthtosb“向某人说什么”为固定短语，满足句意要求。故填to。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：托尼非常惊讶。根据句意以及空前的系动词was可知，此处为形容词surprised“惊讶的”，为-ed修饰人的形容词。故填surprised。【31题详解】考查连词。句意：当托尼看到越来越多奇怪的动物时，他忍不住笑了起来，很难停下来。分析句子可知，此处为and连接的两个谓语动词couldn’thelpdoing和found，满足句子结构。故填and。【32题详解】考查代词。句意：他告诉他的朋友们窗外所有奇怪的事情。由空后friends名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词修饰该名词。故填his。
【33题详解】考查时态。句意：托尼问那是什么，马克给他看。分析句子可知，此处为宾语从句中谓语动词的填入，因主句动词asked为过去时可知，从句谓语动词也应为相应的过去时，再结合and连接的showed可知，此处应为一般过去时。故填was。【34题详解】考查定语从句。句意：袋子里有很多看起来像动物的衣服。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词clothes指物，且从句中缺少主语成分，应用关系代词which或that来引导。故填which/that。【35题详解】考查固定短语。句意：从那天起，托尼总是尽他最大的努力让他的朋友们不再感到悲伤或孤独。此处为固定短语tryone’sbesttodo“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，满足句意要求。故填tomake。第四部分写作(满分25分)36.假如你是校学生会主席李华，你的朋友Peter在汉语演讲大赛中获得了冠军。你打算邀请他周五来你校报告厅分享外语学习经验，请你给他写封电子邮件，要点如下：1.表示祝贺；2.发出邀请；3.告知活动的时间和地点。注意：1.词数：80100：2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearPeter,I’mgladtolearnthatyouwonthechampionshipintheChinesespeechcontest.Firstofall,congratulationsonyourachievements.Wewanttoholdalearningexperiencesharingmeetingnextweek.We’dliketoinviteyoutocome.Canyougiveusthehonortoshareyourlearningexperiencewithus?WeplantoholditintheschoollecturehallnextFriday.Wewouldbehonoredifyoucouldcome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,
LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作。要求考生写信邀请朋友Peter来校报告厅分享外语学习经验。【详解】1.词汇积累开心的：glad→happy/delighted得知：learn→know首先：firstofall→initially/firstandforemost成就：achievement→accomplishment2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Wewanttoholdalearningexperiencesharingmeetingnextweek.拓展句：Wewanttoholdalearningexperiencesharingmeetingwhichisscheduledforthenextweek.【点睛】【高分句型1】I’mgladtolearnthatyouwonthechampionshipintheChinesespeechcontest.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Wewouldbehonoredifyoucouldcome.（运用了if引导的状语从句）
