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走向高考·英语路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索人教版(课标卷地区)·高考总复习
1Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars必修三第一部分 基础知识聚焦
2基础知识梳理2考点探究演练3单元语法4基础知识巩固6课时作业7话题作文晨诵1高考真题对接5
3话题作文晨诵
41.orbitn.轨道2.astronautn.航天员3.phenomenonn.现象4.technologyn.技术5.astronomyn.天文学6.spacewalkn.太空行走7.explorevt.探险;考察8.launchvt.发射9.advancedadj.先进的
510.solaractivity太阳活动11.launchasatellite发射卫星12.mannedspaceship/spacecraft载人飞船13.playanimportantpartin在……中起重要作用14.aspacetravel太空之旅15.ablackhole黑洞
6(2013·广东)你接受了一项写作任务,要为英语校报写一篇时事快讯。[写作内容]请根据以下信息,写一篇关于移民火星的快讯。志愿者的选拔:到2015年,在全球选出约30名去火星的志愿者。志愿者的条件:至少18岁;做好不回地球的准备;愿与他人保持良好的关系。
7专家观点:火星生活条件太艰苦;面临严寒气候、孤独和恐惧。志愿者观点:厌倦地球生活,想体验火星生活;如果成功,就是人类英雄。*火星:theMars[写作要求]只能用5个句子表达全部内容。[评分标准]句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章连贯。
8[选拔范围、目的地]①AboutthirtyvolunteerswillbechosenallovertheworldandbesenttotheMarsin2015.[志愿者的条件]②Thosevolunteers,whomustbewillingtogetalongwellwithothers,shouldbeatleast18andbepreparedforthechancethathe/shewon'treturntotheearth.[专家观点]③ExpertsthinkthatitistoughforhumanbeingstoliveontheMars,becausetheywillfacethebittercoldweather,lonelinessandfear.[志愿者的观点]④However,somevolunteerssaythattheyaretiredofthelifeontheearth,andwanttoexperiencethenewlifeontheMars.Theyalsothinkthatiftheysucceed,theywillbeheroesofthehuman.
9Ⅰ.完成句子1.我说服他不做这样危险的太空之旅。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousspacetravel.2.我们通常用来描述科学现象的现有术语在这里不够用。Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.
103.天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区,物质可以掉进黑洞,但没有什么物质能从黑洞中逃脱。Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.4.由于有非常先进的技术,人们也许能在将来利用黑洞的能量为人类服务。Veryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.
11Ⅱ.句型转换1.把①句改为简单句(第一分句改为不定式作定语)。AboutthirtyvolunteerstobechosenallovertheworldwillbesenttotheMarsin2015.2.把②句中的定语从句改为形容词作后置定语。Thosevolunteers,willingtogetalongwellwithothers,shouldbeatleast18andbepreparedforthechancethathe/shewon'treturntotheearth.
123.强调③句中的画线部分。Itisbecausetheywillfacethebittercoldweather,lonelinessandfearthatexpertsthinkthatitistoughforhumanbeingstoliveontheMars.4.用句型Thereasonwhy...isthat...改写句④中的画线部分。ThereasonwhytheywanttoexperiencethenewlifeontheMarsisthattheyaretiredofthelifeontheearth.
13基础知识梳理
14Ⅰ.单词速记A.识记单词1.________(n.)系统;体系;制度2.________(n.)学说;理论3.________(n.)大气层;气氛4.________(adv.)因此;于是5.________(n.&vt.)拉(力);拖;牵引力6.________(vi.&vt.)(使)浮动;(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物systemtheoryatmospherethuspullfloat
15B.联想串记7.________(adj.)猛烈的→________(n.)暴力→________(adv.)猛烈地8.________(prep.)不同;不像→________(反义词)(prep.)像→________(v.&n.)不喜欢9.________(adj.)有害的→________(n.)害处(vt.)对……有害10.________(vi.)存在;生存→________(n.)存在11.________(vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑;(使)为难(n.)谜;难题→________(adj.)迷惑不解的violentviolenceviolentlyunlikelikedislikeharmfulharmexistexistencepuzzlepuzzled
16Ⅱ.短语互译1.及时;终于__________________2.轮到某人;接着__________________3.阻止;制止__________________4.感到高兴;感到振奋__________________5.突发;爆发__________________6.密切注意;当心;提防__________________7.layeggs__________________8.givebirthto__________________9.nowthat__________________10.blockout__________________intimeinone'sturnprevent...fromcheerupbreakoutwatchoutfor下蛋产生;分娩既然挡住(光线)
17Ⅲ.典句析练1.“so...that...”句型Theearth____________________(变得如此猛烈以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.【仿写】这个故事如此有趣以至于我们都沉浸其中。Thestory____________________wewerealllostinit.
182.“makeitpossibletodosth.”结构Thisproducedachainreaction,which_________________(使生命的发展成为可能).【仿写】在它里面所包含的国内及国际新闻使我们了解一周来发生的所有的重要事件成为可能。Bothnationalandinternationalnewsinit_______________allimportantthingsthathavehappenedduringtheweek.
193.“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried__________________(是地球上的两倍远)andfellover.【仿写】新技术被引进后,这个工厂2015年生产的机器是去年的两倍。Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced__________.
204.nowthat引导的原因状语从句Walkingdoesneedabitofpractice____________________(既然地球引力已发生了变化).【仿写】既然它对我们的好处如此多,为什么不试一试呢?____________________,whynothaveatry?
21答案:1.becamesoviolentthat;wassointerestingthat2.madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop;makeitpossibleforustolearn3.twiceasfarasontheearth;twiceasmanymachinesin2015aslastyear4.nowthatgravityhaschanged;Nowthatitbenefitsussomuch
22Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空The__1__(explode)oftheearthproducedwatervapour,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearth__2__(cool)down.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmade__3__possibleforlifetobegintodevelop.The__4__(arrive)ofsmallplantsencouragedthe__5__(develop)ofearlyshellfishandall__6__offish.Manymillionsofyears__7__(late)thefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.
23Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,__8__(be)abletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Finally,somesmallcleveranimalsappearedandspreadallovertheearth.Buttheytreattheplanetinan__9__(friend)way,andtheearthbecomestoo__10__(pollute).答案:1.explosion2.cooled3.it4.arrival5.development6.sorts7.later8.were9.unfriendly10.polluted
24考点探究演练
251.existvi.存在;生存[教材原句]Theylaideggsandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(P26)它们也生蛋,在地球上存在了14000多万年。必会(1)existon靠……为生existas作为……而存在existin存在于……之中Thereexist...某地有……;存在(2)comeintoexistence产生;成立;开始存在inexistence现存的;现有的
26[方法规律]exist永远是一个不及物动词,existon和liveon同义,existin和liein同义。①Theycan't________________themoneyhe'searning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。②________________hugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。③Ithasbeen________________formorethan500years.它已经存在500多年了。
27④Nowadays,therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearth________________________.现在仍有很多人想知道,地球是何时产生的。答案:①existon②Thereexisted③inexistence④cameintoexistence
282.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题;谜[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。必会(1)apuzzle一件令人感到困惑的事情beinapuzzle感到困惑;不知如何是好(2)puzzleabout/over冥思苦想,苦苦思索(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的,困惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解
29①The________lookonherfacesuggestedshedidn'tunderstandwhatIsaid.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。②Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrolandthisnewcomputerreally________him.但是他的好奇心难以控制,这台新电脑也确实使他费解。③I'm________________________astowhattodonext.对于下一步该做什么我不知道。④Isawhim________________a________mathproblem.我看见他正在苦苦思考一道令人不解的数学题。答案:①puzzled②puzzled③inapuzzle④puzzlingover/about;puzzling
303.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力[教材原句]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.(P30)随着火箭的升空,由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。必会pulloff脱(衣、帽等)pullon匆忙穿戴(袜子、手套等)pullthrough康复,完成;使渡过难关pullout离站;抽出,取出pullin(火车)进站;(船)靠岸;驶向路边停靠pulldown拆毁;摧毁
31①Ipulled________mymobilephonetoreadatextmessagefrommymom.我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。②Hishousewaspulled________byfire.他的房子被大火烧毁了。③Hepulled________hiscoatandjoinedusinthework.他脱去上衣,便和我们一起干了起来。④Thepolicecarsignaledtoustopull________.警车发出信号,要我们驶向路边停靠。答案:①out②down③off④in
321.intime及时;终于观察句子,写出黑体部分的含义。①Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.()②You'llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.()③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.()
33④Thedoctorcame________________tosaveherlife.医生及时赶到救了她的命。必会ontime准时;按时innotime立即;马上atnotime绝不(放在句首,句子需倒装)atatime一次;每次atonetime曾经;一度attimes有时forthetimebeing暂时takeone'stime别着急;慢慢来
34⑤Don'trecitealltogether;one________________________.不要一起背诵,一次一个。⑥_____________________willsmokingbepermittedhere.这里绝不允许吸烟。答案:①及时②迟早③终于④intime⑤atatime⑥Atnotime
352.prevent...from...阻止;制止[方法规律](1)在主动语态中,stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from;而keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。(2)在被动语态里,这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。必会prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事protect...from...保护……不受……侵袭;挡住;防御keep...doingsth.使……一直做某事
36①Theheavyrain________________________________onwithourwork.大雨阻止了我们继续工作。②Apossiblewar________finally________________breakingoutwiththeireffort.一场可能的战争最终由于他们的努力而避免了。③Thefarmers_______wheat________heavyrainwithrainclothes.农民们用雨布遮住小麦以防被大雨浇坏。答案:①prevented/stopped/keptusfromgoing②was;prevented/stopped/keptfrom③protect;from
373.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋①GiveMaryacall;sheneeds________________.给玛丽打个电话,她需要人安慰。②WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystories________________________________.当我感到忧伤时,我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。必会cheersb.up使某人振作起来cheersb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人;为某人加油Cheers![口语](用于祝酒)干杯!
38③Whatwehaddonewasto________ourteam________.我们所做的一切都是为了给我们的队加油。④Cheers,_myfriends.干杯,朋友们。答案:①cheeringup②tocheermeup③cheer;on
394.nowthat既然①既然你已经决定去做,那么你就应该把它做好。______________________,youshoulddoitwell.②既然这些问题已经解决,让我们进入下一个吧。______________________,let'scometothenext.[方法规律]nowthat相当于since,是连词词组,用来引导原因状语从句,口语中经常省略that,只用now,这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。答案:①Nowthatyouhavedecidedtodoit②Nowthattheproblemshavebeensettled/solved
405.breakout(战争,火灾,疾病)突发;爆发必会(1)breakout强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发,一般不用于被动语态(2)breakawayfrom脱离(党派);摆脱(控制)breakdown毁掉;坏掉;(计划/谈判)失败breakup打碎;拆散;(会议)结束;分裂(解体)breakoff(使)停止;中断;折断breakinto强行进入(某处)
41①ThecivilwarinSyria________________ayearagoanditstillcontinues.叙利亚内战一年前爆发了,现在仍在持续。②Weshould________________________oldconceptsandrespectthepeople'spioneeringspirit.我们既要冲破旧的思想禁锢又要尊重群众的首创精神。③Thepeacetalks________________withoutanyagreementreached.和谈失败了,没有达成任何协议。答案:①brokeout②breakawayfrom③brokedown
426.watchout(for)留神;密切注意,留意;小心(某物),提防必会(1)watchover看守;监视;照顾watchoutfor提防;注意……(2)beonthewatchfor留神;注意……keepwatch值班;放哨keep(a)watchon...监视……
43①________________________amaninablackhat.注意一个戴黑帽子的男人。②Thedog________________hismaster'shousewhilethemasterwasaway.主人不在时这条狗为它的主人看家。答案:①Watchoutfor②watchesover
441.make+宾语+宾语补足语[教材原句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(P32)这就产生了一系列的反应,使生命的发展成为可能。
45[句式分析]句中it为形式宾语,真正宾语为todevelop,forlife是不定式的逻辑主语。①Masteringthetechnology________________________theInternetmoreeffectively.精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。②Spaceships____________________tothemoon.宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。
46③Duringthisweek,__________________tojogeveryday.在这一周当中一定要养成天天进行慢跑的习惯。④Ihavediscoveredthatit__________________.我发现那让他们感到高兴。
47⑤Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould___________.老师提高了嗓音以便于被别人听到。答案:①makesitpossibleforustouse②makeitpossibletotravel③makeitarule④makesthemhappy⑤makehimselfheard
482.倍数的表达句式[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(P31)而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。[句式分析]句中twiceasfaras是倍数表达法之一,在句中作比较状语。[名师点拨]两倍用twice或double,不到一倍用分数表示,三倍或三倍以上一般用times来表示。
49[方法规律]倍数的表达方式①“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。②“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。③“A+倍数+thesize/height/length/width,depth.+of+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。④A+倍数+what从句
50①Thistableis____________________thatone.=Thistableis____________________thatone.=Thistableis____________________thatone.这张桌子是那张的3倍大。②Theyhave__________________cows________wehave.他们的牛是我们的三倍。③Thenewlybuiltmuseumis______________________.这座新建的博物馆是原来的3倍大。答案:①twicebiggerthan;3timesasbigas;3timesthesizeof②threetimesasmany;as③threetimeswhatitwas
51单元语法
52主语从句1.________heconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.答案:What考查主语从句。句意:他认为很好的一个提议在会议上被老板否定了。空处引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,不指人,故填what。2.________isknowntoallisthattheDiaoyuIslandshavebelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes.答案:What考查名词性从句。句意:钓鱼岛自古就属于中国,这是大家都知道的。what引导的是主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语。
533.—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—________hehadtoprepareforthecomingexamandstayeduplastnight.答案:That考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的,故此句是一个主语从句,缺少引导词,而引导词在从句中不充当成分,故用“That”。
544.Itremainstobeseen________thisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.答案:whether考查主语从句。句意:这个计划是否足够实用,以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。it是形式主语,真正的主语是whether引导的从句。whether“是否”,符合句意。5.Itmakeshislifequitedifferent________hehasreceivedhighereducationabroad.答案:that考查主语从句。本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是“thathehasreceivedhighereducationabroad”。
55高考真题对接
561.(2014·山东改编)Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.答案:it本题考查代词的运用。句意:苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。分析句子结构可以看出,该句中包含一个that引导的从句,而且根据语境可知,that从句的内容就是苏珊向我表明的事情,所以后置的that从句实际上是made的真正宾语,故用形式宾语it指代that从句。
572.(2013·陕西改编)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill________time.答案:in句意:经理想要看到公司的改变,我确信他迟早会看到的。intime“及时;最后,迟早”,符合题意。3.(2013·陕西改编)Itremainstobeseen______thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.答案:whether本题考查名词性从句。句意:那仍然得看新形成的委员会政策能否付诸实践。It在此为形式主语,故seen后为真正的主语从句,又由remainstobeseen可知存在不确定的意思,所以用whether是否。
584.Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksina________(friend)atmosphere.答案:friendly句意:两国高层领导人在友好的氛围(atmosphere)中进行谈判。5.(2012·江苏改编)—ThankGodyou'resafe!—Isteppedback,justintime________(avoid)theracingcar.答案:toavoid答语句意:我退后了一步,正好避开了奔跑的汽车。intimetodosth.“正赶上做某事”。
596.(2013·安徽改编)It'ssaidthatthepowerplantisnow________twicelargeaswhatitwas.答案:as本题考查倍数的表达法。句意:据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。“倍数+as...as”是倍数的表达法,意为“是……的几倍”,其中as...as之间要用原级。
60基础知识巩固(点此链接)
61课时作业(点此链接)