云南省昭通市昭阳区2021-2022学年高考压轴卷化学试卷含解析

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13B.NaClOᐹᨵ{]ᓄឋ)84eᩔᑭᵨᐸ{]ᓄឋ)ᦑBGᔠ⚪IqC.¡¢£¤)ᑭᵨNa2cCh`de¥¡ឋḄឋt)ᦑCGᔠ⚪IqD.¦ᔓᮣ◀`ªᑭᵨHCIdeḄ⏚ឋ)ᦑDGᔠ⚪Iqᦑ6ᫀ⌱Bo3^Aூ¬᪆௃deᵯ,ឋ)□'ᡠ°oᵯ₹Ḅ²³´U▢'ᡠ°¶ᵯ₹Ḅ²³·¸2n(K+)=n(Cl)+n(Br),L¹ᑖ᪆¬6஺ூº¬௃»¼de½ᕈᵯ,ឋ,ᓽ□'ᡠ°ᵯ₹´U▢'ᡠ°ᵯ₹)ᙠKC1ÁKBrḄÂᔠde,)Ãᙠn(K+)=n(Cl)+n(Br)oA.3=2+1,ÄÅn(K+)=n(Cr)+n(Br-),ᦑAopqB.#2+3,ÄÅn(K+)#n(CD+n(Br),ᦑB┯qC.5r3+3,ÄÅn(K+)#n(Cl-)+n(Br-),ᦑC┯qD.2/3+1,ÄÅn(K+)Wn(Cr)+n(Br),ᦑD┯q6ᫀ⌱A஺ூ0௃Æ⚪᝞ÇᢥÉÊᡈ˳ʬ6)ᙳÌÍᳲ)Ïdeᵯ,ឋ¬6)·ÐÑᑮÓjÔÕḄᦔÇ஺4,Aூ¬᪆௃ᑖ᪆m᪷LᐗNᕜP×ᑖ᪆஺º¬mA.ØᕜPÙÚᔣÛwxឋ⌲ÝÞß)ᑣwxឋmAlHC1,BopqC.ØᕜPÙÚᔣÛwxឋ⌲ÝÞß)ᨬ[\]ᓄᱥ`ᓄᱥḄ¡ឋ⌲ÝÞß)ᑣ¡ឋmNaOH>Mg(OH),Copq2D.ØᕜPÙÚᔣÛvwxឋ⌲Ýã{)ᨬ[\]⏚Ḅ⏚ឋ⌲Ýã{)ᑣ⏚ឋmHCIO4>HSO,Dop஺6ᫀ⌱A஺245ஹDூ¬᪆௃A.A1CLäᐳ\ᓄᔠᱥ)åæçᵯ¬ᰚéA1CLᑴᜓALᦑA┯qB.Fe2+åíîï⏚]ᓄFe3+,ᦑB┯qC.ðñḄà⌕ᡂᑖäôõt)äᜩᯠøùN)ᦑC┯qD.ᵫû⊝Ca5(PO4)3OH+F-UCaEPO4)3F+OH-·ý)ãᜧTþ)û⊝oᔣÿ
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175644—=~(x=2.56g,x2gA.᪷a´µ¶·ᑖ᪆¹ᡂ»2g¼½ᓄ¾ᦑAÀÁ.B.᪷a´µ¶·ᑖ᪆ᒕÃ6-ST"8g,ᦑB┯Å.C.᪷a´µ¶·ᑖ᪆¹ᡂ»2.56g½ᓄ┛ᦑC┯Å.D.᪷a´µ¶·ᑖ᪆ᒕþ⏚┛ḄST%8g,ᦑD┯Å.=ᫀ⌱A஺ூÈÉ௃᧕┯È"D⌱⚗@AᑖḄtᱥ"ÌᔠᱥÌᔠᱥḄÍST"8g,ᑣÎ{|Ḅ¾⏚┛ḄST%8g஺15>Cூ᪆௃ᵫ±kÏ"мᕜÒXÐÓᕜÒᐗÕḄhÖ×ḄPᓄ᪷ahØᦪᐵÚkÏX"OᐗÕÛ"FᐗÕZ"NaᐗÕM"A1ᐗÕN"SiᐗÕR"C1ᐗÕA.MஹNḄ½ᓄᱥAI2O3ஹSiChÜl?ZஹRḄᨬ³i½ᓄᱥz|&ᓄᱥNaOH{|ÝSiCh7?RḄᨬ³i½ᓄᱥz|&ᓄᱥHC1O4{|⌱⚗A┯Å.B.FzÞßà?áâãḄ&$,{|qäå?&{|Fᣚ^âç⌱⚗B┯Å.C.XஹMèéᐗÕᡂḄᓄᔠᱥ½ᓄᰚÈë³⌱⚗CÀÁ.D.AF+ᵯîï᪀ñ᪶ᵯ₹ᦪôᜧãÖ×ôCI-\ö÷øùúᵯîÖ×ᨬᜧᦑãÖ×C1>O2>A13+,⌱⚗D┯Å஺=ᫀ⌱C஺ÈÉ>û⚪ὃýï᪀ឋSÿᐵᵨᐗ⚪ᐵᓄᵨḄὃᳮᓄḄឋ!⏚!#$ᵫ&'()*+ᕜ-.*/ᕜ-ᐗḄ0123Ḅ4ᓄ᪷6017ᦪᐵ'(X)Oᐗ9)FᐗZ)NaᐗM)A1ᐗN)SiᐗR)C1ᐗ6:ᑖ᪆=஺16ஹBூ᪆௃A.pH=2Ḅ@A)⏚ឋ@Aᙠ⏚ឋᩩDENO3-ᐹᨵ!ᓄឋIJFe2+LᓄM1NᐳPA⚗┯STB.NaAKh@AUV⏚᪷M1WX#ឋᐸUK+ஹOHCZஹSO4?[N$ᜧ]ᐳPB⚗^_TC.᪷6WḄM1`⊤bc'(Kw/c(OH)=c(H+),d@A)⏚ឋ@AᑣSiCV-H+$fᡂấ⏚ijC1CTH+$fᡂHC1O,Nᜧ]ᐳPC⚗┯STD.Fe3+SCKklᡂmᔠᱥpNᜧ]ᐳPD⚗┯STqᫀ⌱B஺ூuv௃M1ᐳPx⚪ὃfM1$yfḄᩩDzᐸ{|Ḅᳮ}⚪~N◤⌕Ḅ@A⚪UḄ▲ᩩD஺᝞⁐ᑣḄᨵ⁐ḄM1᝞CM+ஹFe3\Fe2\MnO4-ஹCrO2\CrO?Nᔠ⚪Tᨵ27

18▲ᩩ᝞A1
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⌱⚗A┯PQB.RᨔTḄUHᨵK2M11O4ஹKMn()4WK2c03XYᓄZ["#\ᙠ⏚]⌱⚗B┯PQC.“Rᨔ”^⁚`ᵨ.bcdeஹfᓾRᨔḄhi⌱⚗C┯PQD.ᵫ3K2MnO4+2CO2=2KMnO4+MnO21+2K2c஺3,ᓄkᱥ$KMnO”[mkᱥ$MnCh,ᓄkᱥkᱥḄᱥḄno$21,⌱⚗D;

19ᔣ᪵²H³.´ᓄ⚞ᨵ¶⁐¸¹k"#ºᨵ⏚᪷¼yᡈ⏚᪷¼yᡈ¾¼yQ¿³.À⏚¸¹ÁᑖÂᜫÄᨵÅ⁐ÅᕡḄkÇÈ᪵²Hºᨵ⏚᪷¼y⏚᪷¼y¾¼y#ᐳ\ᡠ¡᪵²H\ᙠ¾¼y஺ᦑ⌱A஺ூÌÍ௃ᵫϸ¹ÁᑖÂᜫᨵ⏚᪷¼yÄÐ⏚᪷¼y¾¼y#ᐳ\஺21ஹBூ¤᪆௃A.ᓄᓄᡂÒᓄÓÔZÕÖ×ᙠs¥ØÙ×ÚᣚᘤÝḄÞÖ:Ḅ×ᵨᩭ⚜×à
ḄᓄḄáᔠã^ᑭᵨ#A;

20HzCHCHO-------------*c2H50H—3`ᓄᑺ---------------------->CH—CH—COOCH2CH30Hbc⏚e3HCN1CH3CH0———>CH?—CH—COOHfbc⏚>CHa=CH—COOCH2cH3---------------------->--CH2—lgghᩩjknCOOCHCH23ூ᪆௃CHBrCH,HজஹঝஹঠḄrᑭᵨ᳛v100%,ᑣwxyH]ᡂH᪷{,B}HBrEF]ᡂHᑮᱥCHBrCH,)ᑣB᪀IHnCH?ᡠBTUV'AHOCH;CEF`ᓄ:ᓄHᑣEFZCHOHCH3COCH3HFᡂD,HᩩjX:ᓄYZ[\ஹ]^'C᪀I,D᪀IEF1OH:H-C-C00H3ḄH,E᪀IEEFᓄHFᡂF,FEF8_HFᡂX,Gᑖ)78,Cryᦪ6yᑣGO,TEFgᑡHFᡂY;ூ௃(1)ᵫ"ᑖ᪆{B(TUVHঞḄᑺ}ᩩjX:ᓄYZ[\ஹ]^;HটḄH(8_H,⚪&ᫀ(:TUV;X:ᓄYZ[\ஹ]^;8_H;(2)A.$Ḅ᪀I:᪀ᨵ,ᡠ⍗ᓄ[\¡EF¢⁐HᦑA&;B.$Ḅ᪀I:,¤ᨵT¥}X;EF]ᡂHஹT¥"¦§Xr}¨EF©ªHᡠImolY«ஹb¨ZḄBnHᨬ8ὑᑖ®3m0ᔢ}2molBo,ᦑB┯C;C.YḄ᪀I:}°NaOH[\H,ImolYX:ᓄY[\H<ᨬ8ὑ2moiX:ᓄYᦑC┯C;

21ঢOHD”(ড)Uড¡¢X£⏚ឋঢ)⏣¡¢¦ᨵ⏚ឋণ)¨¢©Ḅ¡¢ª«£⏚ឋ¬no⏚ឋ¡¢Ḅ⏚ឋ!ᡠ¯/ᜐ-OHḄᵯM²³ᵫᜧᑮµḄ¶7ণ>©>ঢ,ᦑD^_Tᡠ¯AD⌱⚗^_Ḅ;0H¿H3-f-C00H(3)E¼᪀¾c)-6,EḄÄᑖÅ᪀ÆᔠEᑡᩩD:a.ª«ÉᓄᔠᱥÊËᨵ¡¢ÌÍḄ+ᐗÎÏᱥÊÐ᜜[ÒÎÏ¢«¡¢Tb.yfÓÔ$.W$WËᨵÕ¢.Ö¢,dᱥ|)ᵬ⏚ÖᔠᩩDḄÄᑖÅ᪀ÆᨵHCOOCHCHJKOCKH_OH<>HØ:Ù⚪^_qᫀ¿TdMLxxM(4)ÚÕyf0$fᡂCH3cH2OH,CH3CHO.HCN$ᯠÜ⏚ᓄ=ᑮCH3cH(OH)COOH,Ú⏣.CH3cH(OH)COOHyfÖᓄ$fᡂCHCH(OH)COOCHCH,ᯠÜyfÝÞ$fᡂ323CH2=CH(OH)COOCH2CH3,CH2=CH(OH)COOCH2cH3yf}ßà$fᡂ[CH?—-ᐸᔠᡂäå)nCOOCH2CH3H2?HCH3cHeI--------->C2H50H—êᓄᑺíî⏚ஹCH-CH-COOCHCH323HCNI)CH3cH0)>CH?—CH—COOHFTCH=CH—COOCHCHíî⏚ï223--CH2—ᔢ•hᩩjkCOOCH2CHsHzHCH3cH0---------->C2H50HPêᓄᑺpHíî⏚ïCH-CH-COOCHCH323HCNIØ:Ù⚪^_qᫀ¿CH3CHO—᜛[CH3-CH-COOH-Jíî⏚ï>CH=CH-COOCHCH----------223ghᩩjkCOOCHpCHs24ஹ÷ø÷01ஹÕ¢ùᡂ$+4NaOH------>+3NaCl+2HO2

22ONaONaCH=CH:ூ
᪆௃(1)᪷AḄ᪀Iᑨ²ᐸ´(µD¶·¸ஹr'¹DஹEஹGḄ᪀{Hঝ]ᡂHᦑᫀºµ'¸ஹr']ᡂH'(2)GX:ᓄY[\HEFZH»ῃ_1ᑖZFᡂ½ᡂ°°}X:ᓄYEF}HᑣH¾,OHTZaOIIOHᦑᫀ+4NaOH(3)¿{º•HO-CH—".A¹஺À{HঝÁlᱥT¥©ªG᪀I:(4)GḄÂᑖÃ᪀ÄL⍗FeCb[\¢⁐ÅÆᨵÇbÈZHÉÊË⁐ÌÍlFÅƦ§ஹ§ÎᨵHrÏLNaOHḄU⏣[\ᐳ^HᑣLᨵ-CH2cH2aᡈ-CHCIC%,LT¥"Òᨵ2y-Cl,LNaOHḄU⏣[\ᐳ^<EFHÒEFᓴªÔḄ8_HFᡂᱥḄ᪀Iº25ஹbNaOH[\ᔾᦈᒕØḄS(h᣸ÚÛ;■ÝNa2s2O5Þ:ᓄD᎔ᔾᵨ〉áâZ[ãNa2s2O5äÄåæᵨçᴻéê©ãNa2s2஺5[\ëᙠpHì"ìíî

235SO2+4MnO4+2H+=10SO42+4Mn2++H2Oᵨc2moi•L1Ḅ᪗ðNa2s2O3[\ñhpH>5.625ூ᪆௃òᯖôc⏚YḄ᪆«rᳮ[NaHSO3(⛳}[\)—Na2s2஺5(ᨔÄ)+H2Oপ]ø«⌕ᑴ©Na2s2஺5(ᨔÄ)◤ᐜᑴNaHSO3(⛳}[\)ᡠAýþḄÿᵨ
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NaOHJᵨ
ᔾᦈᒕLḄSO2஺MᫀONaOHPᔾᦈᒕLḄSO2ঝ■&'ᑁḄNa2s2஺5ஹNaHSChஹNa2so3Sᓄ◤᣸%&'ᑁḄᡠ"ᐭNzḄJᵨ
᣸%■TNa2s2O5ᓄ஺MᫀO᣸%■TNa2s2O5ᓄPঞNa2s2O5ᨔᵫNaHSCh⛳VᓄWᡠ"ᙠDᑮ஺MᫀODটEḄZᳫ\]^_`aᨵᦔ■T᎔ᔾᡠ"defE,ᑣa\hi᎔ᔾ஺MᫀO᎔ᔾPফজkᯠ
mnᐸ
ᔲᐹᨵ⏚ឋᑣ◤ᵨpHHsmnḄpH,dᙠ⏚ឋuᑣ⊤wx⏚ឋ஺ᐹyJOᵨ〉{|}~>{Na2s2O5/Hᵨᴻ{Na2s2஺5ᙠpHHsBHs஺MᫀOᵨ〉{|}~>{Na2s2O5/Hᵨᴻ{Na2s2O5ᙠpHHsBHsPঝNa2s2O5ᐹᨵឋ\KMnO<M/+,ᓄᡂSO4%ᑮḄ⁐fḄ5S2O2+4MnO4+2H+=10SO42+4Mn2++HO»MᫀO5SO2+4MnO+2H+=1OSO42+4Mn2++HO522542(3)᪷¡¢{ỚḄyJ
Oᵨc2molḄ᪗¥Na2s2O3¡஺MᫀOᵨc2moiḄ᪗¥Na2s2O3¡PHMCN+kl.OxlO,5moiL“K[Cr(OH)]=6.4xlO-31,ᓽLOxlOsxc3(OH)>6.4xlO-31,c(OH)>4.0xl09mol-L\sp3,IxlO141x10-5c(H)<-------------=-----------mobL_1,prH>5+2lg2=5.6«4.0x10-94MᫀOpH>5.6oூ¨௃Na2s2O5ᩭ/NaHSChḄVᓄªὅSḄ¬᝱®ᡠ"ᙠẆNa2s2O5Ḅឋ°a±Na2s2O5²ᡂNaHSCh஺26ஹ⛳³´~Bi(OH)3+3OH+Na++C12=NaBiO+2Cr+3H2OCµ⁐¶ᜫ(ᡈº⁐»:¼)ᐵ¿3KiஹÀ,ᡭÃK2ᙠÄ~ÅᓾÇᨔஹ¢ÈஹÉÊஹËÌ5NaBiO3+2Mn2++14H+=5Bi3++2MnO+5Na++7H2O4ú280cvxl0-3_p,0.28cv128cv3Mn2++2MnO+2HO=5MnO2+4H+-----------------xlOO%ᡈ-------xlOO%ᡈ-----%42WWWூ>᪆௃

24ᵨHCIMnChᑴᜓCL,ᐸÐᨵᢵhÒᩭḄHCL⌕ᵨ⛳³´~ÒfᯠÔᑭᵨCLḄÖᓄឋᙠ×ឋᩩÙÚBi(OH)3ᓄᡂNaBiCh;ᑭᵨMi?+ḄឋNaBQWM/+ᓄᡂ⁐MnOjᩭmÜNaBiO3ḄᓄឋPÝÜÇÞÔChᨵß⌕◀fáâ
ᡭÃã⚠åæḄNaOHçᐸᶇÚéPNaBiChêëḄmnᑭᵨNaBiChMM+iᡂMnO,M11O4-₝⏚ᩭn¡íᑮNaBiO>Mn2\MnO\₝⏚îïᱥ°434ñòḄᐵóᙠôõᓽa஺ூ=>௃(1)◀féÐᨵḄHCLᵨ⛳³´~ᦑMᫀO⛳³´~P(2)ᱥBi(OH)3ஹCI2NaOHÐᔠᱥ+3¬ḄBiᓄᡂNaBiCh,CI2ᡂCT,᪷øឤᨵ~iᡂᡠ"OBi(OH)3+3OH+Na++CI=NaBiO3+2CI+3H2O,ᦑMᫀO2Bi(OH)3+3OH+Na++C12=NaBiO3+2CI+3H2O(3)Cúûüᡂᑣµ⁐ḄBi(OH)3ᐰþ;º⁐ḄNaBith,ᦑMᫀOCµ⁐¶ᜫ(ᡈº⁐»:¼)P(4)AÿᩭᐵKiஹK,ᡭK2NaOHᶇᦑᫀᐵKiஹK,ᡭK2;33(5)ᵫ⚪⍝NaBiCh!ᩭḄ#$%&ᙠ()#$ᓽ#$ᙠ()ᓾ,ᨔஹ./ஹ01ஹ23ᦑᫀᙠ()ᓾ,ᨔஹ./ஹ01ஹ234(6)জ6789):ᐭ┤⏚>ᨔ?:@⏚⏚ᓄ9BCD⁐FG789)HᙠMi?+,IG┤⏚>JMi?+KᓄᡂMnOj,MN⏚ឋᩩQᡠST⏚>UVWᡂBi"YZᑏ\]^_`a5NaBiO3+2Mn2++14H+=5Bi3++2MnO4+5Na++7HO,ᦑᫀ5NaBiO+2Mn2++14H+=5Bi3++2MnO4+5Na++7HO232ঝᵫ⚪Mi?+.cd⏚>ec.cḄMM+gMnO4-ijjᡂkl⁐ḄMn(h,\]^3Mn2++2MnO4+2HO=5MnO2j,+4H+,ᦑᫀ3Mn2++2MnO/+2H2O=5MnO21+4H+2(7)᪷Ynᜫᵯqrឤtuᐵv^5NaBiO32MM+2MnO4-5H2c2O4,wxT⏚>ᳮz{c5NaBiO45HCO32241400g5molm(ᳮû)cvxl0-3mol|nm(ᳮz)=0.28CVg,ᡠS=41஺஺=4஺஺,ᡠSᫀXI஺஺ᡈ0.28cv28cvxlOO%ᡈ-----%owwூ௃(7)ᙠᩖḄஹ{᳛wx)ᵨnᜫᵯqrឤtuᔜᐵᱥḄᐵvᵫZwxS᝞⚪)Ḅᐵv5NaBiCh5H2c2஺4,ᩖ⚪ᓫᓄk஺27ஹᑖ9£ᧅNa2s0^ᡈK2sthᡈNaHSChᡈKHSCh)

252CuSO4+2NaBr+SO2+2H2O=2CuB¦+Na2so4+2H2sCh9§⁐¨©dacd■«CuBrUKᓄᵨ¬⏣◀©¯?⊤☢Ḅ²ᵨ³᧕ᢵiḄ¬⏚◀©¬⏣ᐸ·¸23ூ|᪆௃(1)᪷Yºᘤ,᪀ᑨ¾ºᘤḄ¿À4(2)᪷Yᑖ|ḄÁÂ⌱ÄÅᑺ4বᙠB)NaBrஹSO2ஹC11SO4ஹH2OÈijKᓄVW{jCuBrÉÊᑭᵨᵯqrឤஹWqrឤÌᑏḄᓄÍ\]^᪷YCM+Ḅ9Χ⁐,ᔠÐḄᱯᑨ¾ÒᐰḄᱯÔÕ:ᐭḄᱥ4(4)᪷Y./#$ḄÖḄஹºᘤḄᵨ\|4(5)CuBr×᧕UKᓄ᪷YSO2Ḅ9ᐹᨵVWឋᑖ᪆,ᔠH20×᧕¬⏣)Õ¬⏣ஹ¬Úᐹᨵ᧕ᢵiḄឋᑖ᪆஺ூÛ|௃(1)᪷YÜÝÞ)ºᘤMḄ,᪀кᘤḄ¿ÀNᑖ9£ᧅ4(2)᪷Yᑖ|ḄÁÂᵨ70%ḄH2sNa2s03ᡈK2sᡈNaHSChᡈKHSChᑴàSth?\]^H2sO4+Na2sCh=Na2sO4+H2O+SO2TবᙠB)BaBrஹSO2ஹCuSO,H2OÈijKᓄVW{jCuBrÉÊᑭᵨᵯqrឤஹWqrឤnÐḄ4ᓄÍ\]^2CuSO4+2NaBr+SO2+2H2O=2CuBr|+Na2so4+2H2so—Cu2+Ḅ9Χ⁐âÒᐰᑣ9)²äᨵCu2+,9Ḅ§⁐¨©ᵫCUS04Nå⏚æçèᙠ9)CM+|9Î⏚ឋH+NazS2O3{jSO2?SéḄêëMZâB)CM+ìíÒᐰUVW〉ï:ᐭḄÅᑺNNa2s2஺3,ᦑᔠᳮ⌱⚗Nd(4)a.£ᧅñò⚠ôõ☠÷øùúS./nᑮḄ/9ü÷øᑁù¾êᐭᑮ÷ø)a┯ÿb.
ᐸᧅᑁᔠᱥᐙᑖᑖbc.ឋḄ!"#!ᱥ$ᑖ%&⌕()ᧅ*%&c┯,d.ᵨ.ᴻ012ᔠᱥ3ᐭᑮ6ᘤ8ᙠᧅ8:;ᵨ.ᴻ0ᤅ=ᔲᑣ@ẚBCD:;6:;ᑖᔠᱥd┯,ᦑᔠᳮ⌱⚗Iacd(5)S(hIᜧKLMᱥ■OᐸLMP᛻ᵨRSTᔾᦈSO2,WᑮH2s03#Xᱥ$ᐹᨵ[\ឋᵨH2so3#]^_`CuBrabK8ḄcKcᓄᯠfghᵨiSO2Ḅj⏣ஹj⏚]^ḄnḄIᵨj⏣◀p!⊤☢ḄTsᵨt᧕ᢵwḄjx◀pj⏣ᐸyz{|஺ூ௃⚪ὃᱥ$ᑴᜓᫀḄḄḄᑖ᪆ஹᱥ$Ḅᑖஹᫀ▭(5)᧕┯᧕ᶍ¡ᐭ¢cᓄ£#Ḅ$¤¥⚪ᨵᑭ)§Ḅᑖ᪆;¨ᓄ;¨஺

2628ஹᵬüýþ1.21ÿ3.125
᳛ᓄᜧ⏚ᱥᩖC2aூ᪆௃(1)ᵬ!"#$%&'$%()*+ᧇᑭᵨ᳛〉ᔠ1⏚2NaOH345ᘤaḄ89:"#;(2)᪷=>?L3,G(⏚):1.21,᳛ᨬ*;᪷=>?4-6,Dn(⏚):n(E)F3.125
᳛ᓄᜧ⏚ᱥᩖ
ᑣn(⏚):n(E)ᨬᔠ〉Ḅ⌱I:3.125(3)JKI◤MNOᘤPQRSTURSVWJKRSᑺᐜᵨKVRSZ[\Ḅ]!^_`ஹbc,eᵨfgh⏣Z[jḄkᜫ;J⇋II◤MnjPQRSop⌱Ifgh⏣q᪵stgRZ[jḄkᜫᦑvᫀ:C஺(4)yEDTAḄᱥḄ:bxll-3Lxcmol-LT=bcxir3mol,zὑ᪗}~ḄᱥḄ:exll-3Lxdmol-L1=dexir3mol,⏚EḄᱥḄ:bcxir3moi-dexir3mol=(bc-de)xll^mol,ᑣ⏚E:ᜧª«ª¬111%=----:------a29ஹCO32-ᡈN(V┵be᪀ᨵᵫḄᵯsp32☢_ᨬᚮூ᪆௃প2BCbᑖ:¡ᵯ¢Ḅ£¤¥UC1ᣚᡂO,ᯠ
©ª«ᐗḄ+®¯ᵯ₹;PH3ᑖḄ±²᪀³´µ¶NH3஺(2)a._·¸ᓄ¹´µ¶º»¼½¾ᨵ஺¾ᨵᐔ;b.À_·¸ᓄ¹²!ᵨÁ[:ÃÄÁ;c.Å£ᨔ¢B+2N+(ᐳÈᓫ·Êp;d._·¸ᓄ¹:+ᨔ¢À_·¸ᓄ¹:Ëᔠ³ᨔ¢஺(3)¼ÌÍᵯÎD:ᨵᵫḄᵯÏÀ_·¸ᓄ¹ᨵ;_·¸ᓄ¹ᨔ¢¹+ḄᩖᓄÐ⍝´³´µ¶º»¼஺(4)lmolNH4BF4NHh+ÓBF&-ᔜ¾1ÕÖ×஺(5)▢¤¾ᨵᵯÙឋᜧḄO,᧕ᡂ஺

27যÝᓄ¹ᨔÞP+ᑖßᙠ☢Ó⚔âᵫ㩪±²ᚮä_å;ᙠÝᓄ¹ᨔÞ¾ᨵP+ḄÕᦪ:1x8+1x6=4,¾ᨵB+Õᦪ:4,ᵫãçè1ÕᨔÞḄeᵫᨔÞéᦪacm,çèᨔÞḄ¢äᵫãço2èÝᓄ¹ᨔ¢Ḅ;êÝᓄ¹ᨔÞëḼ¢Mí_ᔣḄᢗð᝞òhᡠô(õíᙊᙌ⊤ôP+Ḅᢗð)ᑣB+2☢ḄP+²◞úû஺ூ!௃(1)2BCbᑖ:¡ᵯ¢Ḅ£¤¥UC1ᣚᡂO,ᯠ
©ª«ᐗḄ+(CᡈN,ᑣ¤:CO3”ᡈNO*PH3ᑖḄ±²᪀³´µ¶NX,+ḄÈᵯMᦪü:4,ᐸþᙠMÿᵯᡠ┵஺ᫀCO32-ᡈNO”┵(2)a.ᓄᨵ஺!"ᨵᐔ!a"$%b.&ᓄ'()ᵨ+,./+ᡠ0ᙢ2b$%c.34ᨔ67B89N8ᐳ;ᓫ!=>c$%d.ᓄ8ᨔ6&ᓄ'ᑁ@8ᨔ6ஹ'(@ᑖᨔ6d"$%ᦑ⌱be஺ᫀbe(3)EFGᵯHIᨵJᵫLMḄᵯO&ᓄPᨵᡠ"Gᵯᐸ8IH'RS᪀7PᨵJᵫLMḄᵯᓄᨔ678ḄᩖᓄV⍝ᑣ8ḄᩖᓄV⍝Ysp3஺ᫀ'RS᪀7PᨵJᵫLMḄᵯsp3(4)NH4+[BF4-7ᔜ1]^_!ᡠI1110INH4BF47ᨵ2moi^_!஺ᫀ2ম▢b7ᨵ᧕ᡂe!ḄOஹH,ᡠ▢bfghe!iSᔠᡂkRS᪀஺ᫀe!যmᓄᨔn7P8ᑖoᙠ☢r[⚔tᵫuf%vw(ᚮyz☢rᨬ|ᚮyᙠmᓄᨔn7ᨵP8Ḅ]ᦪ~x8+1x6=4,ᨵB8]ᦪ4,ᵫuf1]ᨔnḄ0ᵫᨔnᦪacm,fᨔn82m11x4+31x4Ḅ6yᵫumᓄᨔ6Ḅ|᜛7-——mᓄᨔnḼ6ᔣḄᢗ᝞ᡠ(Vxaஹᙊᙌ⊤P8Ḅᢗ)ᑣB89☢r7ḄP8(◞ᑣᙠ7ᵨrᙊtB8Ḅᢗ_¡m11x4+31x4»ᫀ☢rᨬ|ᚮy;V~ூ"#௃¤¥ᨔn7ᡠ8Ḅ]ᦪ¦§✌ᐜª«8ᡠᙠḄ_¡@8_6ᑁ¦¬ᐰ®uᨔn@8ᜐ☢r¦ᑣᨵᑖ°®uᨔn@8ᜐ6Ḅ±²¦ᑣᨵ³ᑖ°®uᨔn@8ᜐ6Ḅ⚔t¦,ᑣᨵµᑖ°®uᨔn஺