无机材料科学基础(陆佩文)课后习题

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ᨔ᪀1.(1)
ᨔ☢ᙠXஹyஹzḄᑖ2aஹ3bஹ6c,!"#ᨔ☢Ḅ$%ᢣᦪ(2)
ᨔ☢ᙠxஹyஹzḄᑖa/3ஹb/2ஹc,!"#ᨔ☢Ḅ$%ᢣᦪ஺+(1)h:k:l=l/2:l/3:l/6=3:2:l,.•.#ᨔ☢Ḅ$%ᢣᦪ(321)2(2)(321)2.34Mg2+890.072nm,02-890.140nm,@AMgOᨔ᪀ḄᚮDEᦪFGH஺+IMgONaClLM02-NGᚮD,Mg2+OᐙQ◣஺r02-=0.140nm,rMg"=0.072nm,z=4,ᨔUVWXDI(4/3Xnr02-3+4/3XnrM2+3)X4,a=2(r++r-),ᨔgUD=a:ᚮDEᦪ=ᨔUVMgOD/ᨔUD=68.5%,GH=ᨔUVMgOW\/ᨔUD=3.49g/cm3o3.@A_`aஹ☢_`aஹG᣸caᨔUVḄdeᦪஹfgᦪஹᚮDEᦪ஺+I_Ideᦪ2,fgᦪ8,ᚮDGH55.5%2☢_Ideᦪ4,fgᦪ6,ᚮDGH74.04%2caIdeᦪ6,fgᦪ6,ᚮDGH74.04%o4.hᳮj@Akl@ANaClFMgOḄᨔmn஺MgOḄᰚX2800࠷,NaCl801࠷,qrstuvḄdw஺+Iu=zlz2e2N0A/r0X(l-l/n)/4nE0,e=l.602X10-19,e0=8.854X10-12,N0=6.022X1023,NaClIzl=l,z2=l,A=1.748,nNa+=7,nCl-=9,n=8,r0=2.81910-10m,uNaCl=752KJ/mol2MgOIzl=2,z2=2,A=l.748,n0-=7,nMg2+=,2n=7,r0=2.1010m,uMgO=392KJ/mol2IuMgO>uNaCl,...MgOḄᰚX~஺5.s9ᙊᳫ☢_`aᨬGᚮDḄQ◣᳛25.9%+Iᳫ89a,ᑣᳫḄD4/3na3,!Ḅz=4,ᑣᳫḄD(ᨔU)4X4/3na3,`aᨔUDI(20a)3=160a3,Qᑭᵨ᳛=ᳫᡠᓰD/QD=74.1Q◣᳛=1-74.=25.9%o6.╅decaGᚮDMḄGH1.74/ᔖ$3,!ḄᨔUD஺+IP=m/Vᨔ=1.74g/cm3,V=L37X10-22஺7.᪷89ᐵEMrsᑡ¡eF02—fg£Ḅfgᦪᔜ¥¦§rO2=0.132nmrSi4+=0.039n/nrK+=O.133n/7irAl3+=0.057n/nrMg2+=0.078nm+ISi4+42K+122A13+6IMg2+6o8.ᨵᦔ¡e89¬®ᨔ᪀¯A"஺ᙠ☢NaClL᪀ᨔVMMgS°MnSḄᨔU±ᦪᙳa=0.52nm(ᙠt³u᪀VM▢¡e¥µ¶·¸Ḅ)஺¹CaS(a=0.567nm)>CaO(a=0.48nm)°Mg0(a=0.42nm)
º□¡e——▢¡e·¸M¼!t½ᨔVᔜ¡eḄ89஺+IMgSVa=5.20?,▢¡eµ¶·¸Ma=21r-,ArS2-=l.84?2CaSVa=5.67?,▢-□¡eµ¶·¸,a=2(r++r-),ArCa2=0.95?2CaOVa=4.80?,

1a=2(r++r-),r02'=l.40?2MgOVa=4.20?,a=2(r++r-),rMg'=0.70?஺9.Àᓄ┞(LiF)NaClL᪀MᐸGH2.6g/cm3,᪷Åᦪ@AᨔU±ᦪMÆÇÅÈFÉh¡e89@AᑮᦪÈËÌÍ஺+ILiFNaClL᪀,z=4,V=a3,p=m/V=2.6g/cm3,a=4.05,᪷¡e89al=2(r++r-)=4.14,a0.301?,å.஺?æn¶µ·¸2(2)çèé=£a=4(r'+r-),a=4.6652(3)P=m/V=l.963g/cmJ.ILMg஺°CaOìNaClL᪀MíîFïᵨ£ᑣCaO⌕MgOñò,¼+óô஺+I஺õFreWæìM3+>r*,øCaO᪀ÍMgOùú,û0᧕ýËᐭMᡠÿ
12.᪷CaF?ᨔCaF?ᨔḄᢗ஺0(100),500(100).0(100),500(100).13.CdkᨔḄI-CaTiO",ᨔ0?Ḅᵯ&'ᔲ⛳*஺+"CdLᨔ-Cd""CN=6.1234ᙠ67ḄCcfW;<=CN=3,V—=1=\z\,Fᵯ&⛳*,CaTiO,ᨔ-Ctf*"CN=12.Ti*"CN=6,02'[OTicCa]sCN=6.v£!=2=|z."'|,o"ᵯ&⛳*.14.(1)o”PQRSTᚮVW-ᔜY☢[◣*]☢[◣Ḅᡠᙠ_`(a

24ᨔbc᪀eᐗ⊤hᩭ)஺(2)jY☢[◣ᦪஹ]Qm[◣ᦪ20?ᦪno஺(3)᪷ᵯ&pᑣ-ᙠr☢str-[◣ᑁᔜ◤wᐭyz&ᦪḄ□|}-~zc᪀4}஺(a)ᡠᨵY☢[◣_`ᙳw=(b)ᡠᨵ]Q[◣_`ᙳw=(c)wY☢[◣_`=(d)w]☢m[◣_`஺+"(2)Y☢[◣ᦪ/02-ᦪ=2:1,]☢[◣ᦪ/02-ᦪ=1:1=(3)(a)CN=4,z+/4X8=2,z+=l,Na0,Li0=(b)CN=6,z+/6X6=2,z+=2,22FeO,MnO=(c)CN=4,z+/4X4=2,z+=4,ZnS,SiC=(d)CN=6,z+/6X3=2,z+=4,MnO2»15.rᑡấ⏚ᱥᔜyzc᪀"MgSi0j,KAISiOLCaMgSi0LMgaESiAo¤(0H)CaAlLAlSiO¤»238262,27+"§¨=©¨=ᓫ«=¬¨(®)=¯°(±Y☢)஺16.᪷Mg?Si0¤ᙠ(110)☢Ḅᢗ²³"(1)c᪀ᨵ´zµ_¶☢-ᔜµ_¶☢·Ḅ<¸T¹º᪵¼(2)Ḅᵯ&'ᔲ⛳*¼(3)ᨔḄᑖ}ᦪ'¶¾¼(4)Si"*Mg"ᡠᓰḄY☢[◣*]☢[◣Ḅᑖᦪ'¶¾¼+(1)ᨵÀzµ_¶☢-SiO/,MgO¤,6¬ḄMgOe¤]☢ᐳÂ,᝞59LMgO¤6*49MgOe¤ᐳÂ750?*270",Å6¬ḄMgOe¤]☢ᐳ⚔-᝞llMgOe¤*51MgO,Jᐳ⚔'220஺6¬ḄMgOc¤2SiOÈᐳ⚔-᝞TMgOj*7Si0Èᐳ⚔22(f,Å6¬ḄMgOe¤2SiOÉᐳÂ-TlMgOe¤*43Si0jᐳ2802*280ஹ(2)0"234MgOj*14SiOjµ_-y£±=2=|z'|,⛳*=(3)z=4?(2);C3V(3)z=4(4)Si*ᓰY☢[◣=1/8,Mg"ᓰ]☢[◣=1/2஺17.ÍÎ᝞ÏÐÍCa2MgsSiQu¤(OH%ᐹᨵÕÖ¨cᨔ×ឋ-QÙÍMgzlSiQK(0H)?ᓾᐹᨵᱏ¨cᨔ×ឋ-Ü+Ýn஺+"ÏÐͱ«c᪀-«ᑁḄSi-0Þ⌕o«5ḄCa-0ஹMg-0Þàá¶-ᡠaáâ᧕ä«·cᔠæçèᜐᒨëᡂbÕÖ¨=ÙÍ®¬c᪀-®¬ᵫÀ4Si04¤¬*·Ḅî╅ͬc᪀᪀ᡂ-®¬2®¬n·☠ᦟèḄᑖn·òᵨæὶõ-öᑖ}·æè-ᡠa᧕äᑖ}·æὶõᜐ+ᳮᡂᱏ¨஺18.ÍøஹÙÍ*ùúÍᐹᨵ¬¨c᪀-ûüýþc᪀Ḅÿ
ᵫḄឋḄ஺CSP2ᩖᓄᡂᜧn#$%&'()*+,᪀஺ᵫ./◣1ᜧᵯ3ᙠ56378ᵯ/ᑖ/:;ᵨᡠ7

3?1@஺19.(1)ᙠấ⏚HᨔJA1"MNOPQᑖRᣚấTUVḄSi4Y(2)A1"RᣚSi"Z[ấ⏚H\ᡂᨵ^_`a(3)ᵨᵯcdᑣfgAhRᣚUVḄSi"ijklmn%oᔲᑣqr,᪀lst஺(1)Ah3u஺2-ᡂwAl஺"y஺AhuSi”ᜐ.|}ᕜឋ᧕.ᐭấ⏚HᨔJ,᪀uSi"ᨔᵫ.᪍dᑣPQᑖY(2)A/*RᣚSi*'QᑖA1”Si"i,,᪀ᓫᐗwAlSiO'SiOj,ᜫᵯឋᨵnᒕḄᵯ₹Mᢝᵯឋqᨵ%o1ᜧᵯ₹1Ḅ□᝞K'ஹCa2\Ba?%ᐭ,᪀Y(3)§A1"Rᣚ%oḄSi”■ᑣ(Tu%ªSi"%ªA1/«¬□☟ᵯ#®¯=3/4Xl+4/4Xl=7/4,-ᵯ₹ᦪM-2,}ὅ«M1/4,¶mn%o}ὅ«·ᯠ>1/4,⌼ᡂ,᪀lst஺|}».ᨔJ,᪀¼◍1.fg¾ᑡÀÁḄÂÃV,Va\Vc,.(VNa'VcÇ)CaK,.CaCa,Cai-NaNÈÉÊYÈÉÊË%ªᓫÊᵯ₹YÌÉÊË%ªᓫÍᵯ₹YᨬÏÐḄNa*ÉÊஹCÇÉÊᡂḄÑᔠÓYCa"ᓰÕK.ÊRË%ªᓫÊÍᵯ₹YCaÊ.CaÊRYCa”ᜐ.ᨔÖ/◣ÊR஺2.ᑏؾᑡ¼◍ÙÚÛ(DNaClÝᐭCaCbᡂÉÊßàÝJY(2)CaCkÝâNaClᡂÉÊßàÝJY(3)NaClᡂᾠῃå¼◍Y(4)AgIØᓅᔠᔡê¼◍(Ag+ᐭ/◣)஺পNaCl>Na,+Cl+VCaaa(2)CaCl---------->CaNa+2%+2(3)Vm'+V஺(4)AgAgHVAg'+Ag
3.MgOḄì¯'3.58ï/ᔖñ3,ᐸᨔÖóᦪ'0.42nm,ö÷ᓫÊᨔøMgOḄᾠῃå¼◍ᦪ஺§ᨵ¼◍ḄMgOᨔøḄᨔøᑖᦪMx,ᨔøJúV=(4.20/x=PVN/M=3.96,ᓫÊᨔøḄᾠῃå¼◍ᦪ=4-x=0.0404.(a)MgOᨔJᾠῃå¼◍ḄᡂPM6eV,ö÷ᙠ25࠷þ1600Ciÿ◍Ḅ஺(b)᝞MgOᨔᨵᑖ᥅ḄALO,ᩖᑣᙠ1600࠷'MgOᨔ()◍ᓰ+,-(ᩖ◍ᓰ+,./01஺2(a)᪷5)◍67iVN=exp(-E/2RT),E=6eV=6x1.602xl0l9=9.612xl0-19J,T=298kn/N=1.92x1O_51,T=1873kn/N=8.0xl0-9Q(b)ᙠMgORᐭᑖḄALO,AL2O3∫°>2ALMg+VMJ+300,23

4,.1AL2O3=IO"Uᩖ◍V=3xl(y6/2=1.5xl(y6,.•.XYZ[ᩖ◍ᓰ+஺5.MgOᨔḄᾠᱯ^◍_ᡂab84kJ/mol,cdeᨔᙠ1000Kf1500KḄ◍஺2n/N=exp(-E/2RT),R=8.314,T=1000kn/N=6.4xlO_3QT=1500kn/N=3.5xl0-26.gᓄicjᓄᔠᱥFexO,Fe3+/Fe2+=0.1,mFexOḄnopxq஺2FeO—>2Fe'+300+W23Fey2yyFe3+Fe2+.O,r-=0.1->2y=0.1-0.3y->y=0.1/2,3=0.04352y13yI7X=l-y=i-^b0.0435t5,Fevt.9565஺[VFe'']=x+l=1+0.9565=2.22X1027.wxᑓo┯f{o┯|ᑣᐸo┯~ᔣஹjfo┯ᔣḄᱯ஺2ᑓo┯o┯~ᚖxo┯~ᚖxo┯ᔣQ{o┯o┯~xVo┯~xo┯ᔣ஺8.ᨵḄᑓo┯ᙠ☢⍗(᣸-(ᔾ2᣸¡¢£¤¥¡¢£¤9.ᨔ¦wo┯Ḅ§_¨©᪵Ḅ«¬a⚜cᔩ2ᨔ¦wo┯¯°±²ᵨ10.ᨔ¦ᨵ´µᨔ¦¶ᜧµᨔ¦ᑖᜧµᨔ¦aᵨo┯Ḅ▣ᑡᩭ»¼ᔩ2½aᙠᜧµᨔ¦0¾᣸ᑡ¿ÀxÁÂḄÃ᝱Åo┯ÆḄÇÈZaÉᨵஹ0¾Ḅᜧ´½〉ᵨxᜧµᨔ¦11.˼«¬ÌᣚÎÏÐḄÏÐḄᩩÒ஺2(1)0¾ᡈȾÔÕḄ«¬ÖM15%'Z×ØᡂÙÚÏÐQÖr=15%Û30%'ÉaØᡂᨵ▲ÎÏÐQÖr>30%ÝÞᡈ½aØᡂÏÐQៜᜧÏÐៜ´(2)ᨔà᪀âÎḄ«¬Éᨵãà᪀fÖr<15%'ä(ØᡂÙÚÏÐḄᐙᑖæ⌕ᩩÒ

5(3)ȾâÎfèឋêÌᣚḄȾâÎᓄièឋÀë᧕ØᡂÏÐ(4)ᵯî1ï½ðîÌᣚ½᧕ØᡂÙÚÏÐ஺12.ñᓄiòᡂஹòᡂὃ⇋ËXYÏжᓄᔠᱥஹõö÷ᔠᱥḄøù஺ÏÐõö÷ᔠᱥᓄᔠᱥ0¾Æêþ᧜Øᡂ01×0¾ÔÕ“Ð2”_ᡂüý÷ᔠᡂᦪᓫᙳᒴᓫᙳᒴᓄ⍳/⍳ᨵᔠᱥᨵᓄᡂᓄᡂ13.▊"#$%ஹᨔ()◍+,ᓄᓄᔠᱥ-ὅ/0Ḅ2345ᑡ78"⊤(:஺<=#$%ஹᨔ()◍ஹ,ᓄᓄᔠᱥ>?4)◍5?ᨔ%@᪀)◍5>?ᓫᙳᒴḄ#%5@᪀3Bᨔ஺C)◍----EF)◍G#$%----,EF)◍G收成Jᡂ原ᑖI)◍MNᓄO$OkYZ[P\ᑴUVWXM—VM,'MX大小固无*搀电负，_=Z[P\ᑴ溶有陆杂性ᨵ=ᤀᩖீ#$P体置於溶电，Z[P\ᑴ间隙解价ᤀᩖc#$PZ结构，#$P\ᑴ

6环境非中化气[h]8Po"I"学阳缺愤Fe,.xO计阴间性[Oi,>]8Poe/6量阳间质UO2+X化阴缺和Znl+xO[ZniJ8P0ஹ1/6合压物力TiO2_x[VO]8Po21/6变化14.AUi3ᙠMgOnJᡂᨵ▲#$%5ᙠpᐳᰚ[P1995cvwᨵ18y%ALQ,$ᐭMgOn5ᎷMgOᓫᨔᓄᶍ஺⚜ᑡḄPᓄ஺aiO?◣஺biAl*ᣚ஺<=AL2O3ஹMgOy100g,ᑣAL2W8g,Mg082g,18/102$ᐭMgOnAL2O3Ḅmolᦪ=ALOmol%=8/102+82/40=0.08=8%,MgO23mol%=l-8%=92%,#$%ᡂ=8%ALA592%MgO,#$%ᡂO=Ahi6Mgo.92O1.i6aiALO=Mg0>2AL/+200+0J'2MX2x#$%ᓄO=Al2Mgi-2x01+x§ᓄO¨ᡂO©©ªN5«7¬ᦪx,ᵫ¯0,©Ḅ35§TḄᓄ1Alo.16/1.16Mgo.92/l.1A12x/l+xMgi_2x/l+xO-X=0.074,ᓄOAlo.148Mg0.85201.074_Z◍_4*0.148M+4*0.852M^+4*1.074M_d=©²----------A-i---------------------------O-2v/*³4*M+4*MdMgo2dᳮµ.>=1.04ᳮ¶ஹMgO.(b)AL2O3--->2AL+300+OMJ'Mgx2xx

7A12xMgi.3xOಔAl()6/L16Mgo.92/L]6஺—x=Al()jjgMgo793O-=0.974ᳮ15.ª·¸¹º»¼ᓄᑖ᪆=ᢥᑖ᪆ᦪ¿ḄFe/SÃ5Ä7ÅÆḄᡂᑖ=Fel-xS+FeSl-x஺ÇὅÈᕡḼ?FeËḄ)◍@᪀GÌὅ?FeÍᣚ஺µᵨ©ÏÐÑÒÓÔºᱥÕÖ×Ø©Iᡂᑖ஺<=Fe-SnÙᙠFeË5',ᓄ5Ùᙠh5PÜÝÞ%GFeS-nß×àᒕ5ÙᙠS?-Ë5Ùᙠe',NÜÝÞ%GãFe-SஹFeS_*ᑖ×3IÜÝÞ%5åàÏÐᐸÝÞ%ឋèᓽ16.ë"ìíYᨵᣚÜ#$%ḄÅîï/0ðÆñòᐰ$<5ô◣Ü#$%ᑣÆ஺<=(1)ᨔ%n0◣?ᨵ▲Ḅ5÷øᩖèè4ÆùW10%G(2)0◣O#$%Ḅᡂ5©ú>ûᨔ(üᦪýᜧ5ýÿᑮ
Ḅᨔᣚᡂᣚ!"#$%ᡠ'(ᡂ)*17.᝞0(1)ᑺ456Ḅ6789:;<±15%(2)AᐗCḄᵯEឋ9:;<±0.4%,JKL
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TCUUVWXYᵨ஺\᪷^_`Ḅaᧇ_cd
efᜧᭆᡂ)*iTa—W,Pt—Pb.Co—Ni,Co—Zn,Ti—Taoef678(nm)ᨔx᪀ef678(nm)ᨔx᪀Ti0.1461{|}<883࠷Zn0.1332{||(>883࠷)Ta0.1430|Co0.1251{|}<427࠷w0.1370|☢|(~427࠷)Pt0.1387☢|Ni0.1246☢|Pd0.1750☢|:rᜧ-r“rᜧ=4.2%vl5%Ta-WᵯEឋiL5T.7=-0.2ᡂ)*x᪀Pi|9rᜧ-r/rᜧ=20.7%>15%Pt-PdᵯEឋ:=2.2-2.2=0ᡂᨵ▲x᪀Pi☢|rᜧ-r/rᜧ=0.4%<15%Co—NiᵯEឋ:i1.8-1.6=0.2T<427࠷,CoZnx᪀P9

8(ᡂ)*rᜧ-r/rᜧ=2.12%<15%ᵯEឋ:=1.5-1.5=0Ti-TaT>883࠷,TiTax᪀P9(ᡂ)*18.OMgOஹAl஺4Cr஺ᐸஹE78ᑖ0.47ஹ0.3640.40,ᑣAla34Crᡂ)*஺(a)L¢x0(£ᔩ¥¦§¥(b)¨⚜ªᙠ2aMgO—CeQ,®¯RḄᨵ▲Ḅ°±▲Ḅ¥¦§¥i(a)²ᜧ-r/rᜧ=10%<15%,AL2034Cr2O3£ᡂ)*(b)MgO—Cr203Rrᜧ-r/rᜧ=15%,³´Aὅx᪀ᨵ▲Ḅ஺19.·¸NiO¹ᓄ»ª¼Ḅ᝞0NiORNi37Ni"=10-4,¾¿m3RᨵÀÁÂÃ஺iÄᓅÆ»ª¼ᓄᔠᱥNiQ,NiO------->2Ni,+300+VNI23Niy2yyNi3+Ni2+i.O^Ni3+/Ni2+=2y/(1-3y)=10-x2y3yᑣy=5xl(p5,x=l-y=0.99995,fNio.99995஺¿mi'RᨵÀÁÂÃᓽÑÒi[Vb']=y/(l+x)=2.5Xl()520.ᙠMgO-AkOi,4PbTiOz-PbZrO,Rd
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ᡂ±▲¦§¥:MgO-ALOir*-rr*=15%,ᓽnஹ3789:ᜧMgO(NaClP)ஹ23AL஺(Ú᳝)x᪀P:ᜧᡂᨵ▲PbTi(VPbZrO3ᡂ±▲,TÜÝTiÞZr"789:ßᜧ(15.28)àá(ABO)┛äåPx᪀,3Ti'Zr”áçᐙé☢Ñ◣ëÑ◣ìßᜧ(çᐭḄ□Ḅ78rï(ᙠ
ñᑁᓄóOx᪀ᓄ஺21.MCaO᜜³ᑮZr()2Rõ£#ᡂö÷ᣚᙠ1600࠷øëᐹᨵ|⃨ûx᪀üxýþᑖ᪆
ᐭ0.15᥅CaOᨔᦪa=5.131A,
D=0.5477/cm3,$%CaO-ZrO?*+ᩭ-./0ᵯ2ឋᩭ4567ᡂ9:;<=Ḅ*+?57ᡂCJAᐭ▢:;C◣2Ḅ*+ᐸ*FGHICaOு%*+0஺+/2CaO^0->Ca^+20஺+%PᑏRST*+ḄᓄVWXYZ[\ᑨ^_ᡂḄ`abT*+஺cI(1)$%fᣚW*+ᨵx=0.15,l-x=0.85,2-x=1.85,ᡠ6fᣚW*+ᓄVWCao/5zm.850L85஺ᨵpHZrOzq%⃨st᪀ᨔᑖ;ᦪZ=4,ᨔ

92ᨵCa2+ஹZr4\CPxyTz{஺ᨔz|,0.15஻„0.85஻°L854x-----x஻~2++4x------xMF4++8x------xMW=Z=----i----------------1-----52------------------=75.18(g)16.022x1022d=5.55g/cin:f(2)$%C◣*+ᐸᓄVWCa2yZr>yO2ᡂCaoqZssOissO?bCa(),isZro.8501.85.Cao.l5x2/1.85Zro.3/1.85஺20.15x20.85x2,2y=-------,l-y=--------=y=0.15/1.851.851.85...C◣W*+ᓄVWCao.3x2Zl.85Zr1.7/1.85஺2ᨔz|0.13/1.85“1.7/1.85,,2/2“4x-------------xজ?++4x------------xAf+8x------xMZ=---------------------------,5-----------------------81.25(g),6.022x1022-6.014g/cm!,ᵫ5ᑨ^_ᡂḄ`fᣚ*+஺yᰚ+ᴻ+1.¢£s¤ᨔ+ஹs¤ᰚ+ஹNazO2Si()2ᰚ+t᪀¥ឋz¦Ḅ§¨஺.1ஹs¤ᨔ+s¤ᰚ+NaO«2SiO22cIt᪀[S10Jᢥᐳ⚔FW$³´t᪀ᓫᐗ[Sio4]³´t᪀ᓫᐗ[SieOM"¬ᨵ®ᨵ¯᣸ᑡᕈ¸¹t᪀ᕈ»⁚½ᡈ¿⁚½²Gᨵ¯²Gº¯²Gº¯ឋz*+ºÀÁឋᰚ{ᨵÀÁឋnᜧᨵÀÁឋnÍsÂÃᜧÅᵯឋÆ,ᵯÅ᳛ᜧ⊤☢ËÌᜧ¤ᰚ+ÎᵯÅ᳛ᜧ⊤t᪀Ç
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14Ñ[\PéIIஹHIḄᰚÑ஺3.ᙠSiO?NO^ºó⌮¶ᨔ·¸ôõ⌮¶ᨔ·¸ḄöÖ஺1U⌮¶ᨔ·¸UB-÷ø!a-÷øa-÷ø!fa-ù÷øõ⌮¶ᨔ·¸U9-÷ø!!6-÷øY-ù÷ø--►B-÷ø4.᪷AI2O3—Si02NO^úÍU(1)ûấ¹ὊýᩞᧇấẈ(SiO2>98%)ஹẈ(Ah0335~50%)ஹẈ(AI2O36090%)ஹ᳝Ẉ(ALCV90%)ᑁᔜᨵ⌕Ḅᨔ஺(2)ᢝḄὊ!ᙠ#$ấẈ%&'()*+(3),Ὂᩞᧇ/040%123ᓄ567ᵨ9:;40(mol)A1203ḄẈḄᨬ7ᵨ=!஺>?পấẈ(Si02>98%)⌕ᨔ?Si0>2A1O«2SiOABC(DᩭF)2233Ẉ(A1A3550%)⌕ᨔ?Si஺+ஹAs2Ẉ(ALA6090%)3⌕ᨔ:6072%A3s27290%A1&ஹA3s2(2)ᢝấHḄὊ!⌕IJ■LMᧇNO᝞A1AOSi0ᰚR21723࠷,Si஺+1T▽VᐭXYḄAI2O3ZấẈN[$#ᜧYḄ1Si02ḄᰚRᒓ^_`஺᝞Vᐭlwt%AI2O3ᙠaᐳᰚR(1595࠷)%$#Ḅ1Y1/5.5=18.2%,[7ấẈḄὊ!ᜧᜧ_`5.ᙠCa0-Si02cdeA1203-Si02cdNSi02Ḅ1fgT▽,)*ᙠấẈNijkl2%ḄCaOmnᓄᑺp5[`aấẈḄὊ!qᙠấẈNᓾ⌕IJ■LMᧇNOᐭA1203ᔲᑣ[7ấẈὊ!ᜧᜧ_`஺>?Si02NVᐭXYḄCaOᙠaᐳᰚR1436࠷%1Y2/37=5.4%,1YuV5v5[`aấẈḄὊ!ᦑiVXYCaOmnᓄᑺ6.Vynᱥ{F(A1203•2SiO2•21120)|600࠷%{Fᑖ>~A1203•2SiO2,Vyᑮ1595࠷%[#)*ᓄ+ᙠ=!_%=ᑮ⊝cdḄᡂ᝞+cd#ᡂ40%1%;&ᑮ)*=!+ᙠ)*=!_ᐰᰚ+>?Al0•2Si0,•H0Al0?•2SiO+H02322(22AI2O3•2Si0?NSiO?%=33%mol(1)Vyᑮ1595࠷%#ᡂA3s2(2)1595࠷%=cdN1A3s2,L%==21.8%(4)ᐰᰚᓽAᐰᜫ&33%fe1fRᜐ=!஺7.(2)ᨬᓫḄ¡ᐗcdᢗ¤N¥=f¦=ᑮa=Ḅ§¨t6>t5>t4>t3>t2>tl᪷ª«ᢗ¤¬?(1)¡®ᑖAஹBஹCᰚRḄa§¨¯᪵᣸ᑡḄ஺(2)ᔜ1☢_`Ḅ▽´᝞+µ¶®ᨬ▽+µ¶®ᨬᚆ+(3)ᢣ/ᡂ65%A,15%B,20%CḄcdḄᡂR«cdᙠ)*=!_¹º»ᨔ+»ᨔ¼½¯᪵+(⊤¿1ஹAᡂRḄᓄÀ»ᨔ¼½ᔜ▤ÂN#Ḅᓄ¼½)஺(4):;ö§᪆ᨔ¼½᪆/ᨔḄÅᑖᦪvX+Ãǧ᪆ᨔ¼½»È%cdḄᡂ᝞+»ᨔ»È%cdḄᡂÉ᝞+

15(1)¶aB-C-A(2)Bᨬ▽C§ÐAᨬ§;(3)ᙠMRᡠᙠḄ=!_¹º᪆ᨔ//•ZzMA+B+C1ᡂRM-M-1-E(»ᨔ»È)AᡂRA-A-D-*M(4)ö§᪆ᨔÚ᪆/ᨔA,ᑮMl%ö§᪆ᨔ»ÈᨔAḄÅᑖᦪ65%»ᨔ»È%᪆ᨔAஹBஹC,1ᜫAᡂRᙠMR஺8.(3)#ᡂÇ®¶ßᰚÇᐗᓄᔠᱥḄ¡ᐗcdª¬_ᑡá⚪?(1)iãᐸᑜᑖæ®ᓫḄ¡ᐗcd+(2)᪗/NᔜèéÀêéfë=!_`ìᔣ(3)ᑨïᔜðYRḄឋòóãôõḄ⊝ᱯ÷øù⊤ú/ᩭ஺¡®ûAS&ElEiOA+Si+SS&BELOB+Si+Sᐳᰚ:.E,LOC+S+B59.(4)ᡂᰚᐗᓄᔠᱥ(BC)Ḅ&ᐗ'(ᢗ*஺,ᨵ.ᡂ/:A:35%,B:35%,C:30%Ḅᰚ45678ᐸᙠ;Ḅ<=஺>ᓾ@Aᰚ4ᙠBCDEFG᪆Iᨔ4஺MᡠᙠCDM1050࠷,1050࠷FG᪆ᨔ10.᝞(5)A-B-C&ᐗ'(R5᪷TRUVEᑡX⚪1.ᙠZᑜᑖ]&^_ஹᵨbᜮ⊤eᔜᩩhiZCDEjkᔣmhiḄឋo;2.ᑨsᓄᔠᱥDஹMḄឋou3.ᑏIᔜ&ᐗwxyḄឋomᐸz{Ḅ|⊝ᐵ'u4.ᑏI.ᡂGᙠᐰ|⊝ᩩEḄ>ᓾᨔu5.ᑏI.ᡂIIᙠᐰ|⊝ᩩE@5FGIRḄCDᐰᰚḄCDuᑏIᐰ|⊝ᩩE>ᓾ5ᨔ@ᔜᱥoḄᑖy(ᵨi⊤e)஺(1)5&^_3ᑖ5hiឋo1ᑖ5hiZCDjḄkᔣu(2)D,•ᰚᐗᓄᔠᱥ5C8ஹCᑖuM,ᰚ&ᐗᓄᔠᱥ;

16(3)El,ᓫᰚ5L+A-—C+ME2,ᐳᰚ5L--C+B+ME3,ᓫᰚ5L+A*--*B+ME4,,!‘#34G>1^A+£>E*ATSM¢-M+Zு'»+C+Mἔ()ᨔ)*+L3sBTBT2T3TATG(,ᱥC+B+M(5)E2CD5HᡠᙠCDuH¦]&^_BCMḄ§ᩩ¨CMஹBMḄ|iHH,ஹHU,C%=BH/BCX100%,B%=CH/BCX100%,C%=H,H/BCX100%஺221211.᪷T(6)UVEᑡX⚪(1)®¯ᓄᔠᱥSIஹS2Ḅឋou(2)ᙠ;ᑜᑖᑖ&ᐗ'(mᵨbᜮᢣeIᔜhiḄCDEjkᔣmឋou(3)ᢣIᔜwxḄឋo±ᑏIᔜḄ|⊝ᐵ'u(4)ᑏI1ஹ3.ᡂḄᰚ4Ḅ>ᓾᨔ(⊤¯ஹ²R.ᡂḄxᓄmᨔᔜ▤'(;´Ḅxᓄ)஺±µᑨsᨔ¶ᱥᨔḄ·¸u(5)¹ºᰚ41ᨔ@ᔜRᑖy5»ᙠ¼&½ᨔFG¾¿ᐸញ>ᓾ(Á@R²ᡂ/ÃᴻR)ᔜRḄᑖyÅ᝞B?(ᵨi⊤eᓽÈ)u(6).ᡂ2Ḅ&ᐗÉᔠᱥ¿ÊËCDFGIRÌᙠACDEᡂḄᨬᜧRyÏÐÌᙠÑÒCDEᐰᰚÌᑏIÓḄ஺(1)S.ᡂᙠ&^_ᑁÕ<ÊÖᨔ×᜜5ᰚ&ᐗᓄᔠᱥu

17ÙṹÛi'ISmPxÜi+PÝᐳᗠL^—>C+SP=EᐳὶLB+SEL—C+S-HBPiàFL+A—C+SPàFL+A—B+Sফᨔ2<ÊAÖᨔ×5ᙠASâiZ5ᨔ¶ᱥ/AஹS»ஹஹTL92-mm---------->pçSA->A——~~>23<ÊAÖᨔ×5ᙠBCSᑁ5ᨔ¶ᱥ/BஹCஹSL3-^fmJ'S'EߟéêESATAߟ.ëì—>SfSߟ2->3r4L4—Aí@ëᜫ5ᨔSATAT4T4¶ᱥBஹS35>ᓾL5ï>2ðILëᜫ5ᨔSA-»A75¶ᱥAஹSஹB
S5-^L+A->k-^J->ABஹSᯏᐝ(᪆2A>Aᰚ4LP—->56>ᓾL6—3—>6ஹñ+es>p*z+-sò|JAëᜫ5ᨔC54Sᰚᦻ᪆2AAᰚ4SATA-TT-»6->6¶ᱥCஹS
AM2S6c+sw>6,—A—X—>ALPiߟ>Pi—^6i—>612E/ᐹᨵᓄᔠᱥᡂḄ&ᐗ'(R5᪷Tô&ᐗ'(RVEᑡX⚪1ᑨsᔜᓄᔠᱥḄឋou2ᵨbᜮ⊤eR×hiCDxᓄkᔣmhiឋou3ᑜᑖ]&^_5±ᑏIᔜ&ᐗwxyḄ|⊝mឋou

18(4)ᵨ·ᓄᑏöᑏIMz{.ᑖḄ|⊝ᨔu(5)Nz{Ḅ&ᐗ.ᡂ@ᙠøCDEFGIÌËCDEᐰᰚᓄÌ(1)S1ᰚᐗᓄᔠᱥ5C85CᑖS2ᰚᐗᓄᔠᱥS3ᰚᐗᓄᔠᱥ5C85Cᑖ(2)(3)E1,ù5Si—jj+S?E2,ᓫᰚ5£+§<■>S2+S3E3,ù5C+8——S,E4,ᐳᰚ5C+SQ+S)E5,ᐳᰚ5L^C+A+S2(4)LM——>1_JC+.)
—C+2—>4—AC+ுE,_JS+C+)ᨔS3—ߟ>2ߟ>2—>3—(ᱥC+S,+S,)(5)ᙠE5ᙠNᡠᙠ!"#ᐰᰚ&஺13.)*+ḄMgO-A12O3-SiO2678K20—A1203-Si0267;ᑜᑖ>?@A஺14.BCCaO-A12O3-SiO267;EFGᑡI⚪K(1)Lᡂ66%CaO,26%Si02,8%A1203,ᓽRS3ḄTUVᧇXYZ[!"\]^_`aᡂḄᨬᜧdefg(᪷ij6;CaO-C2S-C12A4kᑖ67lm)஺(2)noᑮqrḄC2Ssd⚪(1)LᡂḄTUtᡂuញwxyezw{ᐸᐙᑖᨔx^(3)~oᑮ⚪(1)LᡂḄTUᵨr8ᮞ(A1203•2SiO22H208CaC03)Vᧇ,ᔲoᑮTUḄLᡂ?Z[?◤⌕ᐭᧇ^lmᡠ◤ᔜᧇḄᑖsd஺K(1)k\]!"1455࠷,3kCaO-C3s36L%=—Y6¡¢"£¤d¥6b(2)ញwxkX¦§¨ᰚ©ªL+CSC2s+CKAt_᪵C3sd®gញw¯¨ᰚ©ªᩭ±¦§²³´rC3ssd;

19(3)ASz¶CaC03Vᧇoᑮ3·ᱥLᡂ3Lᡂ66CaO1.179mol26SiO0.433mol8A1O0.078mol223ᓄᡂmol%69.76%25.62%4.62%SiOmol%/Al0mol%=5.55223⚪¹SLᡂAl03-2SiO2-2HO¶CaCOsVᧇ,SiOmoI%/Al0mol%=2:122223ºὅ¼q,Si஺?d½ᡠ¾◤ᐭSiO”¿Vᧇ100g,s66gCaO,26gsiO28gAl02366gCaOᓄᡂCaC()3d66/56x100=117.86g8gAl0ᓄᡂAlO-2SiO,-2HOd8/102x258=20.24g23232AS-2HO´ÀSiO8/102x2x60=9.41g222y◤SiOd20.24-9.41=10.83g2CaCOwt%=79.14%,AS-2HOwt%=13.59%,SiOwt%=7.27%322215.᪷iNa20-Ca0-Si0267;EF:(1)Lᡂ13%Na20,13%CaO,74%Si02ÂᴻVᔠᧇXYZ[!"ᰚᓄ^ᙠZ[!"#ᐰᰚ&^(2)Å☢LᡂḄÂᴻÇÈᑮ1050࠷,1000࠷,900࠷,800࠷`£᪆Z[ᨔÊ^(3)NC2s6ᨔÊÈ`eᔲËÌᰚᓄ^ᑖZ[ᨔÊᰚᓄ!"᝞^K(1)ÎYANC3s6-NCS5-Si0SQ▬ÐB-CSÑᨔÒ2)ÓÔÕdH1:3:6+a-Ö+L1:1:5Vᧇᙠ827°Cᰚᓄ#ᐰᰚᓄ1050࠷×Ø(2)Èᑮ1050࠷L->0-CS1000࠷L-*1:3:6+a-ÙÖ900࠷L-*1:3:6+a-Ö

20800CÈᑮ800࠷`Úᰚᓄwᓾᑮ800࠷`?Üᨔ1:3:61:1:5(3)NC3s6ÈeËÌᰚ&Èᑖ1:3:6᪆ᨔᐜ᪆a-CS,a-CS-CS,RQÅL+BYS~1:3:61:3:6ÈᑮRQÞ¶CS-1:3:6!"\]ᰚᓄ(1050࠷×Ø)ᑖB-CS16.ᙠ◌àaSËá35%â㾯àäÂᓄ஺³Çåᑮ45%`,X¯àäÕAᡂ©t஺᪷i*+Mg0-A1203-Si02ᐹÊlms10%çr90%çèḄVᧇḄtᡂ!"ê஺KLᡂëìGᩭ;SMZXMS-M2A1S-SiO)ÓÔÕd12352(1355࠷)ÈLᡂY1\]LᡂᙠMS¶SiO2ÞÅíîïLᡂᙠMS-SiOoÅÕᓄ¾MðᡂᩨᩚÇL%=35%`)Ó!"1390࠷,L%=45%`)Ó!"1430C,tᡂ!"ê1390~1430࠷17.lms50%r30%¢20%ÖḄËÜàᘤVôᙠ1250࠷tᡂåᑮõ⊝`ḄLᡂ±ᔜḄ)d஺K50%AS30%KAS20%SiOLᡂᙠaQWDS33ÎYÑ262ᨔÒ)ÓEᨔ985࠷LSi0+A3s2+KAS6,ÈLᡂ32ᱥ÷YE\]SE,0+ø+3sl>E-»SiO2♦⚚289:34s2;<73KAS6ᰚ#SiChú#A3ûú#ᓣ!Y1250࠷`ïSᨵSi0Aম±LLᡂᙠÿᩭ2

(1250࠷)ᡂᙠSi0A3s22ᵨᩨᩚᑣ18.᪷K20-A1203-Si02!"஺᝞%⌕'(ᘤ*+,ᨵ40%/ᩭ
ᨔ160%Ḅ3ᴻஹ6ᧇ*8,K209:;9+<=

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Ḅ@A8BCD;EF40%AS+6%G326HᡂᙠA3s2IᨔJᙠA3s2Eᙠ*12▬LM6HᡂNOSiO-K0-Al0ᔜRSTUVWX0ஹSiOஹA10Yᑖ22232,[K0:wt%=4.12%Al0Fwt%=27.06%SiO:wt%=68.82%2232=
KOAl0-6SiO(94+102+360=556)2232+<=
*>?\0F100gK0:4.12gA1AF27.06gSi0:68.82gK஺4.12g22ᓄᡂ=
4.12/94x556=24.34g24.34g=
^_Al04.47gSiO15.79g232`◤bcAl0:27.06-4.47=22.59gSiO:68.82-15.79=53.03g232

2124.34=
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2320FeḄᨔ?W%20a3m3,30FeḄᨔ?W%30a3m31_1nj=i.O2Xio%»/s•>^%30/J=1.02xl019>b/S?m21ᨔ?☢Wa2,n=Jxx60xa2=824.ᙠឤ+wᩩyz820°C}~1ḄAᑮ(+Ḅ⊤☢Aᙠ᪵ᩩyz⌕ᑮḄA◤⌕P$%᪷-ឤ+w᡽ᦣx=k᎖x8t%#⌕ᑮḄA◤4ho5.ᙠ*+᡽ᦣᩩyz800oCᙠ:"A100ᑖᑮᔠ〉ḄAᙠlOOOoC⌕ᑮ᪵ḄA◤⌕NO(D=2.4X10'V/sec#D1000r=3X10"m2/sec)?o$%*+᡽ᦣ"ឤ+w᡽ᦣ⚪x=k᎖xx%=kJ^Fjx%=k^Dt,»x#=x#2.\Dltl=D2t2DLD2,tl,ᑣt2=480s6.ᙠᑴ⌼ấ¨©ᘤ"«¬᡽ᦣᑮấᓫᨔ"ᙠ1600K¯z°ᢝᙠấᓫᨔ⊤☢Ḅឤ+(ឤ+w¨²▲᡽ᦣ)⌕⊤☢10-3cmᜐḄM⊤☢Ḅ(¨◤⌕Nµ(erfi--===0.5__0.5Doo࠷=8X10-l2cm7sec#·2,Dt2jDt)?l6X\ct=cerfc(—■=)sc$%*+᡽ᦣឤ+w¨²▲᡽ᦣ2ᢈc•%,t=c%/2,D=8X10;º/secxxerfc(—.)=0.5—.=0.52-jDt24Dtc%/2=c%erfc(-'-==),-'-===0.524Drl4Dtx=10"cm,D,$t=l.25X10°s=34.7h7.Zn"ᙠZnS"᡽ᦣ563࠷Ḅ᡽ᦣ!ᦪ3x1014cm2/sec;450cḄ᡽ᦣ!ᦪ1.0xl0l4cm2/sec,%(1)᡽ᦣḄ¼ᓄ¾¿D஺#(2)750࠷Ḅ᡽ᦣ!ᦪ஺$%(1)D=Doex(-Q/RT)PT=563+273=836KD=3xl0-14cm2/sT=450+273=723KD=1.0x1014cm?/sÅᐭÇÈQ=48875J,D0=3.39x1015cm2/s8.ᙠÉÊᩞᧇ"ÉÊÍḄᨔÎ᡽ᦣ!ᦪW᡽Ï!ᦪᑖÐDgb=2.00XlO',oexp(-191OO/T)^nDv=l.00X104exp(-38200/T),MᨔÎ᡽ᦣ!ᦪ¿W᡽ᦣ!ᦪᑖÐᙠÔÕ¯×ᑁᓰÙÚP$%ᨔÎ᡽ᦣD=2.002x10-loexp(-19100/T)gb᡽ᦣD=1.00x104exp(-38200rr)v

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3410.ᩞᧇḄüÕឋ᝞ஹᐝÿឋ
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35