新高考高中化学竞赛专题2常见无机物及其应用竞赛真题强化训练解析版

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7EûÜANaHCO+NaOH=NaCO+COT+H20TAm32321241818.4gxX=ὃ18=27g,2.7g18.4-16.6g,ᡠ!NaOH"#$NaHCCh&ᐰ($NaOHḄᱥ+Ḅ#,NaHCCh-$C.ᔠ⚪123ᫀ⌱C஺7ஹ-⌱⚪17.2021.9:.;<=>?ᑡᱥ+ABᡂDEḄFA.ᩈ⏣CH30HB.JᨔSiC.NᨔONaSiOD.QORZCaSCUHO23ூ3ᫀ௃ADூW᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூZW௃A.ᩈ⏥\]ᵬ⏣$ᓄ`aCHQH,ᦑADE2B.JᨔḄd⌕ᡂᑖF7fᓄấ$ᓄ`aSi஺?$ᦑB┯j2C.NᨔOFk⏚mḄno$ᓄ`aBaSOa,ᦑC┯j2D.QORḄᓄ`a2CaSOH2஺$pORḄᓄ`aCaSO2H2O,ᦑDDE2ᦑ⌱AD஺18.2021•9:•;<=>rstuvḄNChஹNOw02xyzᐭ᎔}~JJḄᘤ$ᐙᑖ(ᘤᐙ$ᑣzᐭḄNChஹNOw02Ḅuv,FA.111B.432C.41613D.434ூ3ᫀ௃ACூW᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூZW௃᪷4NO2+O2+2H2O=4HNCh,4NO+3O+2HO=4HNCh,rstuvḄNO2ஹNOwO?xyzᐭ22᎔}~JJḄᘤ$ᐙᑖ(ᘤᐙ$ᑣzᐭḄNO2ஹN0w02Ḅuv,F1:1:1,4:16:13,ᦑAC.ᔠ⚪1஺ᡠ$3ᫀAC஺19.2018`;<=>᣸◀᡾N⌕$?ᑡ᣸◀᡾Ḅ¡DEḄFA.C¢ᵨ¤k⏚᣸◀OH-Ḅ᡾B.SOᵨ¤¥⏚᣸◀SO2Ḅ᡾C.K*ᵨ¨⁐ª«ᴻ᣸◀Na+Ḅ᡾

8D.Fe3+ᵨ¯J᣸◀Fe"Ḅ᡾ூ3ᫀ௃BCூW᪆௃ூZW௃A.C¢ᵨ¤k⏚᣸◀OH-Ḅ᡾±²ᐭk⏚᪷$k⏚³´Fµ⁐¶·$ᦑA┯j2B.¤¥⏚wSO(pᡂ7fᓄk$SO2ᵨ¤¥⏚᣸◀SO2-Ḅ᡾$ᦑBDE2C.¨⁐ª«ᴻ¸¹Na+Ḅº⁐ᯚ⁐$K+ᵨ¨⁐ª«ᴻ᣸◀Na+Ḅ᡾$ᦑCDE2D.¯JrFe?+fᓄᡂFe3+,Fe"ᵨ¯J¼᣸◀Fe,$Ḅ᡾$ᦑD┯j2ᦑ⌱BCo20.2018`;<=>MஹN¿ÀᔜÂᨵ?ᑡᓝÀḄÅÀAU+,Na\Mg2+,H\CKNOiOH,SCh'ஹSO4”ஹCO32-ÉÊ¿ᡠÂᔜ¼ËÌ$?ᑡᑨÎDEḄFA.᝞ÐMᕈÒ⏚ឋ$ᑣNᔣÂᨵNOVஹSO42',CO2-3B.᝞ÐMᕈÒÖឋ$ᑣNÌÂᨵAF+ஹSO2-,C1-4C.᝞ÐMᐹᨵÒØÙឋ$ᑣNstÌÂᨵH+ஹMg2+ஹCl-D.᝞ÐMᐹᨵÒfᓄឋ$ᑣNstÌÂᨵNa+ஹOH;SO32-ூ3ᫀ௃BDூW᪆௃ூZW௃A.MᕈÒ⏚ឋ$ᑣMÂᨵH+,ᑣNstÂᨵOH\SO$-ஹCO2",ᵫᵯឋ$ᑣN3¼ÞÌßᙠNCh\SO?",ᦑA┯jB.MᕈÒÖឋ$ᑣMÂᨵOFT,ᑣNstÂᨵH+ஹAF+ஹMg2+,H\Al,+,Mg?+!áSO2\C¢ᜧ#ᐳß$ᦑBDE4C.᝞ÐMᐹᨵÒØÙឋ$ᑣMÂᨵSCh'ᑣNstÂᨵH+ஹMg2+ஹAF",äåMØᨵNa+ஹOH,CO32,¼EtCl-ßᙠ~æÀ$ᦑC┯j2D.᝞ÐMᐹᨵÒfᓄឋ$ᑣMÂᨵH+ஹNOv,ᑣNstÂᨵOH$SO3”ஹCO32,äåMØᨵAF+ஹMg2+,ᵫᵯឋ$ᑣNstÂᨵNa+,ᦑDDE2ᦑ3ᫀ⌱BD஺ூèé௃ê⚪ëì⚪íḄîïðñòóôḄ(W3Ḅᐵö$⌕ὶøñòḄfᓄØÙ(ஹùᑖW(Ḅᐳßú⚪஺<ஹᐗüᡈᱥ+äÎ⚪21.2020•9:•;<=>1ᓄᔠᱥAஹBஹCஹDஹXóôḄþᓄᐵøò?ÿ஺ᓄᔠᱥXᐗᓄᔠᱥDᐗBஹᯚ⁐⁐CḄ⁐!"#$%&⁐஺

9ᑏ)ᓄᔠᱥXஹDḄᓄ*+,X—D.(2)ᡃ34*5ᙠ78!9Ὶ;<=>⌼)@A⚨ᓄᔠᱥX,CD13GPaḄ9JKLᢝNO஺5.0RXᙠSOᩩUKVᐰᑖYZB[0.4RA()^AḄ_`aZ0.18gLA[BᱥeḄfghZ1,2஺Y'ZᨵCᐗḄ᝱mᓄᱥnopq⁐^CḄᓫestᑖuᐹᨵwtx᪀஺zZ{|}~ᱥz◞D[F,ḄD[PḄᱥeḄfghZ1,3஺YE1,1ᓄᔠᡂGᎷD}ὑA\B\CZᓫeᦪᙳZ᪗tKO,᪷᝞Kᓄᐵ¡¢)A'B\C\D\E\PḄᓄ*+,A-ஹBஹCஹDஹE'ஹF'஺¤¥[¦ᙳZᓫe§¦=ᡠᐗḄ©uªᦪ¥Ḅ2«஺ᑏ)ᵬஹ¦ஹḄᓄ*+,ᵬS¦—஺ூ¯ᫀ௃KNH,KNHeNaSNa2sNa2so3NaSOH2sSSO3242ூY᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ»Y௃(1)ᵫ⚪¾¿BZKOH,CZNH3,ᵫᐗÀឤÂOX=ᐗZKஹNஹH,ᵫ2ᡠ¢ᦪÃ1344IÅ,“(NÇ--=0.6mol,XḄᓄ*+ZK“NbHc,¤b=l,ᑣ஻(KaNHc)=஻(N)=0.622.4L/molmol,ᵫᓄᔠÑÒᦪ[Z0ஹefÀឤᑡ+᝞K,a+c=3b=3ஹ0.6ax39+0.6cx1=33.0-0.6x14,ὶØY

10a=l,c=2,ᦑXḄᓄ*+ZKNH2^ÚfḄXᑖÛA[ÜN%ᑖÛZ0.3molஹ0.6mol,33gὅßÚàáD=ᨵNᐗᵫ4X)=<<2]=0.6mol,xᔠXAᡂḄ஻(KOHÇ55g/mol?å=o.3mol,ÂOD=æᨵ0.3molKᐗᦑD=ᨵKஹNᐗᎷDḄᓄ*+Z56g/mol243s81-391<çᑣèḄ᥅êef"0)=஽=818/101,D=ᨵNíᦪ===3,ᦑDḄᓄ*+ZKN3,î110.3mol14xᔠᐗÀឤïAḄᓄ*+ZN2O,ᑖufðñZ44,àáòᎷᡂØᦑXḄᓄ*+ZKNH?,DḄᓄ*+ZKN3;ফ᪗tKA'Ḅ᥅êef”(ö)=0.188m><22.417|101m8/0101,ïZúᨵHe,ûij1n(He)~&~1m°l»ᑣ஻(B')=2஻(He)=0.2mol,B'Ḅ᥅M(B')=(஺஺4)o=23g/mol,#4g/mol0.2mol$B%Na,ᵫ⚪*+Y'%SO?,ᑣC'%SᓫS2Na345ᡂNa2s(D')n(NaS)=278g724LJf=0.1mo],n(SO)=------=0.1mol,E'2SO21A1345ᡂG',ᦑᑴE)=19.0g-0.1278g/mol22.4L/mol4.8s.molx64g/mol=12.6g,ᦑ2D'34ḄHI=12.6g-7.8g=4.8g,"(஺2)=K₹M5mol,ᵫᐗPQឤSTE'UVᨵNaஹSஹOᐗPᱥḄZ[%0.1molx2ஹ0.1mol,0.15molx2,ᦑE'UNaஹSஹO\]%2:1:3,#_EḄᓄab%Na2so3,NaSOᙠ◞efIᩩhiᑖk5ᡂNa2slP',ᵫᓄᔠ23noᓄpq#$r34%SᐗPḄsᓄ34ᑣF'%Na2s04,᪷v_ᜫᵯyQឤSTNa2s2NazSOa5ᡂ\]%1:3,{ᔠ⚪*#$ᔠᳮᵫNa2so32SO?1:1345ᡂG',}+G'%Na2s2O5,~ᡠA'~F,Z[%AHeஹNaஹSஹNaS.Na2sO3ஹNa2so4A2(3)ஹᙳ%ᓫ4ᐗPyᦪᙠᐵὶᑮOlS,#$%S,%02,S202345ᡂSCh()SO?}2H2s5U345ᡂS,#$ᵬ%H?S,H2sᙠḄO2Uᐰ5ᡂSᓫᙠ02Uᐙᑖ5ᡂSO?,2᪾¡¢ᔠᦑᵬ%H?S,%S,%SO?஺£ஹ¤¥⚪22.(2020ᐰ¦•¨©ª«)X®¯MḄ°b±⏚³V´ᨔ¶஺·¸¹ºḄ᪵¼½ᑖ¾¿ÀᜐᳮA½ᙠH2Uᐙᑖᜐᳮ(341),ᦈÄ_0.994g¶ᒕÆÇÈ%®¯MḄᓫÉ2.356gʽᑣᙠCOUᜐᳮ(342),ᐰ34Ë_ᑮ1.245LCO2(10L325kPa,0࠷),ᒕÆÇÈl341ᐰ¹Ï஺(1)Ф¥#ÑXḄᓄab஺(2)ᑏÑXᑖ¾lH2ஹCO234ḄÓÔb(⌕Öᦪ%ᨬØ᦮ᦪ\)ூÛᫀ௃CU2(OH)2co3CU(OH)CO,+2H=2CU+CO+3HO22222:CU(OH)CO+2co=2Cu+3co2+HO2332ூk᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூãk௃

11(I)34Iå5H0ḄᱥḄ11=3=^i=0.05519mol,34IIå5COḄᱥḄ22M18.01g/molV1245LAL஺஺»/5556moi,}éὅ¹º}#ÑXU▢ìyᑖkå5ḄHOlC0ḄᱥḄV22.4L/mol22mí¹º஺îïᙠXU0H-lCOḄᱥḄð\%2:1,XḄᓄab}ñ%MnKOH)2co3],341AM(OH)2co3+2H2-nM+3H2O+CO2,n342AM£0H)2co3+2COTnM+H2O+3CO2,2356ñMḄy%AM,ᨵAÂA0Q5538=n:3,k_AM=127.6/II,ñn=2,ᑣMḄyAM=63.8O,öᐗAMPᕜø⊤%ú(63.55),{ᔠ⚪*ᑣXḄᓄab%ACs(OH)2co3(2)341ACU2(OH)2c஺3lH234ḄÓÔbCubOH)2co3+2H2=2CU+CC)2+3H2O,342ACu2(OH)2co3lCO?34ḄÓÔbCub஺?1)2©஺3+2CO=2Cu+3C஺?+H?஺.Kஹüý⚪23.(2020•þÿ•
)FeSO^DNaOHᑴᜓFe(OH%Ḅᮞ⁐ᱥX஺#$%ᱥ1.0293g,ᵨ/0⏚234ᐰ6789:;ᑮ250mL@9A7B/CDEF7᤯ᒴ7I᪵KL.জ;$᪵KL25.00mLN┵PA7Qᐭ25mL().50moll/HzSO,,ᵨ0.005000molL“KMnO,2L]48D^_7`ὑKMnO,2L25.60mL஺ঝ;$᪵KL25.00mLNỚ9A7Q〉9Bf0.8gKI67ᙠᨩᜐlm5ᑖo஺QB80mL஺pᓽ0.02500moLL-Na2s2O32L]8Dtu⁐7vQᐭwx2L]8Dy⁐`ᜫ஺`ὑNa2sqஹ72L12.80mL»ঞ;$᪵KL100.00mLN7]ᐭHC1DpH=l7᠒Qᐭ9ḄBaCl22L஺☟m867ஹஹᮞᓄ7ᙠ800࠷Dឤ7#Iᱥ0.2988g஺᪷ᐵ¢£¤867¥XḄᓄ¦§¨⊤ª«¬nx®ᓄᱥ.mx0.yx°®ᓄᱥ7±n:m:y³ᨬµ᦮ᦪ¸஺¹º»ᑡ½⚪¬(1)᪷¿À7ÁÂÃÄXḄᓄ¦§—(®ᓄᱥ•0•°®ᓄᱥP§⊤ª)஺ফᑏFeSONaOHÈÉÊᡂXḄᓄ¦¢§஺4ூ»ᫀ௃FeO-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)2FeSO+16NaOH+O2=2[Fe2O3-2FeSC>4,2Fe(OH)2]+8Na2so4+4H2O234ூ3᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூÔ3௃(1)Õᐗ×ØឤᔠÚ7Û8X8ÜᨵFe2+ஹFe3\SO¬,জ¤8Ḅ³᪵KFe?+Ü97ᵫᐵ᧬5Fe2+~MnO,I¬ã7(Fe2+>5??(MnOã)=0.00500mol/Lx25.60mLxlO-3L/mLx5xlO=6.4xlO-34molãঝ¤8Ḅ³᪵KFe3+Ü97ᵫᐵá§2Fe3+~b~2Na2s2O3,I¬n(Fe3+)-n(NaS03)=0.0250022mol/Lx12.80mLxlO''L/mLxl0=3.2xl0-'molãঞ¤8Ḅ³᪵KSO¬Ü97ᵫᐗ×ØឤI¬

12஻ᓽ¬è஻é஺4è᱔ë^=3.2?1஺ìíᦑïð).ñ)ò஺ó)=-ô®ᓄᱥ«FeO,᪷w(Fe2+):”(Fe3+):஻(SOF)=2:l:l,Û80«FeSO*°®ᓄᱥ«Fe(OH)2,ᑣX«23FeO3-2FeSO-2Fe(OH)2,ùᔠ7ᦑXḄᓄ¦§«¬FeO-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)2ã2423(2)ᵫNÊᡂᱥÜᨵúû7ᦑᨵ02üýÈÉ7þÿ
FeSO4+NaOH+O2-^FeO3-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)+Na2SO4᪷ᜫᵯឤ!"#$3212FeSO4+NaOH+lO2T2[Fe2Or2FeSO#2Fe(OH)2]+Na2so4.ᔠᐗ1ឤ
"#$23◤5647H0,:᦮"#$12FeSO4+16NaOH+O2=2[Fe2O32FeSOv2Fe(OH)2]+8Na2so4+4H?O஺2