新高考高中化学竞赛专题3化学反应原理竞赛真题强化训练解析版

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ᓄ⚪3ᓄᳮ⚪ᓄஹᓫ⌱⚪1.2021••
ᑡᓄᔠᱥᙠ⏚#$%&'()Ḅ+A.AgCIB.AgCrO4C.HgChD.CuS2ூ-ᫀ௃Cூ)᪆௃ᶍ2.2021••
₝⏚H2c2஺4+45ᐗ7⏚89:KaiH2c204
=5.4x10-2,Ka2;H2c2஺4=5.4xlO-5<=ᵨ0.2000molLNaOH(?@A20.00B0.100001011/^^204(?CDE஺FG@AH11IḄᑡJKLMḄ+A.N@ᐭ10.00mLNaOH(?PQᔠ(?ḄpHR'ᜧG7B.(?TDUᙠcNa+
cHC2;4+2cC2O:
C.⌱WXᲩ;[ᢣ]ᑺ@ADEP(?R'ᕈ`a⁐D.(?cHC2O
/cC2Of
cde4ூ-ᫀ௃Dூ)᪆௃ᶍ3.2021••
BaSOḄfFᑖhij233,Ksp=lxlO40k1mmolḄBaSCU(G10LḄ%4lm()ḄBaSChnijA.2.1gB.0.21gC.0.021gD.0.0021gூ-ᫀ௃Bூ)᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூo)௃᪷qBaSCUḄKsp=l*10r஺Rstuv,V=BaS04Ḅ⛳#(?:cBa2+
=cS0:=᧼^=4஺?-5mol/L,ᦑk1mmolḄBaSCU(G10LḄ%lm()ḄBaSCMnij;IxlO-mol-10-5mol/Lxl0L
x233g/mol=0.2097g=0.21g,ᦑ-ᫀj:B஺4.2021..
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)8925࠷ஹlOlkPaPsḄãᓄäIåj:FeO3(s)+3C(s)=2Fe(s)+3CO(g)AHi=+489kJmol122CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO(g)AH2=564kJmol'2C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g)AH3=393kJmol'ᑣ2Fe(s)+|o(g)=FeQমḄAHj2A.822kJmol1B.468kJmoHC.I86kjmol'D.+468kJmoெTூ-ᫀ௃Aூ)᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூo)௃89:Fe2Ch(s)+3C(s)=2Fe(s)+3CO(g)A/=+489kJmoHজ2co(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g)A஻2=564kJmoHঝC(s)+Ch(g)=C02(g)ùj=393kJmol”ঞ333᪷qûüAýAM5AH2+3AK?
2Fe(s)+]O2(g)=Fe2O3(s)ḄA//=-489kJ-mol-|-1x(-564kJ-mol-l)+3x(-393kJmoll>-822kJmorl,ᦑ'ᫀ)A஺

26.2020•,-•./012ᵨNaOH45HFO/pKaLpKa?ᑖ7)2.12,7.20,12.36
8Na2Hpe\⌱:Ḅᢣ<ᑺ>A.ᵬ@AB.ᵬ@GC.HᏲD.JKூ'ᫀ௃CூD᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூFD௃Kᵫ⚪NO,H3P04ḄK“2=10-7.2,K“3=IOT2.36,HP஺PḄQDR⊝TᦪVW=X=1068>K,ᦑa}HPOPḄQDYZᜧ\ᐸᵯ_YZ`ᓽNazHPO4bcdeឋ`ᦑ⌱:H⏚hᢣ<ᑺ`'ᫀ⌱C஺7.(2021.,-•./01)j5QḄklZmnoᵨpq45r`ᓽᙠpH=10Ḅtឋbcu`vwxT(EBT)h)ᢣ<ᑺ`ᵨEDTA(yz{|y⏚z}`Na2H2Y)᪗bc45QuḄCa?+ஹMg2+,j5uḄᨵPজMg2++EBT(⁐)-Mg-EBT(⏀G⁐)ঝM2+(_Ca2\Mg2+)+Y4-tMY2-ঞMg-EBT+Y’mMgY2-+EBTᑡrḄ>A.pᔠᱥMg-EBTḄ5ឋᜧ\MgY2"B.ᙠ45Yu⌕45uc☢Ḅ¡ᓄC.£ᑮ45¥¦Ḅ§¨>bcាªᵫ⏀G⁐¡)⁐`«¬ᑖᑁ¯ឮ±²⁐D.³´µEDTA᪗cḄ45¶ᵨ·¸Q¹º»¼ᵨ᪗c½¹`j5¾¿ÀÁÂூ'ᫀ௃CூD᪆௃ᶍ8.(2021.,-•./01)t࠷`ᙠmÅÆÇᘤuᐙᐭ2molAV3moiB,ËÌ᝞ᓄÎPaA(g)+B(g)=C(g)+D(g)஺ÏO`R⊝`ca(A>c(B)=c(C>c(D),ᯠÑᙠÒZ¯¡ḄÓÔ`᡽ᜧÇᘤÇÖ8²ᩭ10Ø`¾¿AḄÙᑖÚÛÜ¥¼ᨵᦋ¡`ᑣᑡr┯àḄ>A.a=lB.BḄáᓄ᳛)24%C.R⊝TᦪK=1D.ÒZ¯¡ḄÓÔ`᡽ᜧÇᘤÇÖ`R⊝¯ãäூ'ᫀ௃BூD᪆௃ᶍ9.(2021•,-•./01)ᡃæçÎèéᵨêëìíᓄᑺ(ìᔾ▬¯ðñ)íᓄQ᯼ó¡ᣚPCO

3(g)+H2O(g)=C02(g)+H2(g)A//<0.ᙠõÒö.áᓄ᳛÷.ø᳛஺YfVQUfᓃᧅᓄ὚OHOC©()A.ù?@
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245ᔾᦈEP,Qᡂᓄ3REPD᪷)*S,IஹIIᑖ1Ḅᓄ3T45,ᓄ345Uᔾ,ᦑc┯MDD.HI2COஹVWX1Y-HX1QᡂCO2ஹ-H2,[2Ḅᓄ3\᩽ឋ,ᦑD┯MDᦑᫀ⌱A஺10.(2021•`abcde)ghi,jᨵ0.1mol/LḄNH4HCO,lm,pH=7.8.n+op(ᡈos)ᔜuvḄᑖwᑖᦪ(y⊝:{|uvḄ}~ᓰᔜ|uv}~-Ḅᑖᦪ)@pHḄᐵ᝞*ᡠS.iᑡBCḄU()A.lmḄpH=9:,lm2.ᙠiᑡᐵC(NH)>C(HCOD)>C(NHHO)>C(COD)32B.NHJICO,lm2.ᙠiᑡឤᐵC(NH^)+C(NHHO)+C(H+)=C(OH-)+2C(CO^)+C(HCO)3223C.Klm2⌲VWᓄ:NH-HCO}~⌲3D.ᑖ᪆+ghiK(NH,HO)>Ka,(HCO,)b22ூᫀ௃Dூ#᪆௃

4ூ%#௃A.ᔠ*¢+,lmḄpH=9:,lm2¥1}~ᜧc¨HCOD©ªc¨NH©ªc¨NHHO©ªc¨CO^©,⌱⚗A┯M;32B.NH4HCO3lm2.ᙠᱥᧇឤC¨NH©+C¨NHHO©=C¨HCOD©+C¨COD-©+C¨HCO©,lm²³3223ឋᑣc¨H+©µc¨OH©¶HCODḄᵯ¥~¸,ᓽc¨HCO©ºᜧ»c¨COD©,ᡠ7C¨NH^©+C¨NH,HO©+C¨H+©ªC¨OH-©+2C¨COD-©+C¨HCO©,⌱⚗B┯M;223C.0.1moI/LḄNH4HCO3lmḄpH=7.8,᪷)*¢+,lmpHÅᜧ:,᪶᪷¥1}~⌲,¶s⏚V᪷¥1EÈᐜÅᜧÊ,⌱⚗C┯MDD.ᵫ»O.hnol/LḄNHHCOlmḄpH=7.8,Ðs⏚V᪷¥1Ḅ#~ᜧ»Ñ᪷¥1Ḅ#~,43ᑣÒᔠÓḄᵯ¥y⊝gᦪᜧ»K”"H2co3©,⌱⚗DBCDᫀ⌱D஺11.¨2020.`a•×cde©iᑡIBØḄUA.ᔣÚ⏚ÛVlm2ᐭPÝÞßᮞ2HPO+3Ca"+2OH-=2Ca3¨PO4©22H2஺B.ᵨãä⏚åæçè⏀2ê⏣ḄoP2Cr£ªD+3C2H5OH+16H+=4Cð+3CH3COOH+11H?OC.ᵨs⏚lmᜐᳮ┡᮱ö2Ḅ÷⏚┛CaSO4¨s©+COj¨aq©=CaCO3¨s©+SO-¨ý©D.ᑴ᥅
ᵨ⏀ᑴᓛ᪍ᵨூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ௃A.⏚ᓄ"#$NaH2PCh,ᙠ./0ᵯ23Na*5H2PO7,✌ᐜ:3;

5;ᔣÈÉᑖ◞WËᵯ/ᐙᵯஹÈᵯÅᔠÆÍÎḄH202ᡂH+50H1ÏÐᳮ᝞ÒᡠÔ஺sᑡÖ×┯cḄØ()A.aÆØ□2_ÆbÆØ▢2_ÆB.ÈᵯÜ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽;<#$Zn+4OH-2e=Zn(OH)42-C.ᐙᵯCO?ᙠàáPdãäᱏ⊤☢|ᓄ$ᵬ⏚D.᜜ᵯé0êëìImolᵯ_ÅᔠÆÍÎᨵImolHzO2ூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃᪷ñÒÔmòÈᵯØᵯÁÈᵯÜ᩽$óóᙠÜ᩽ᜫ\ᵯ_3ᡂó2_ᔠÅᔠÆÍᵯ2ôḄk᪷2_3ᡂZn(OH)42',Ü᩽Ḅᵯ᩽;<#$Zn+4OH-2e=Zn(OH)42-,àáPdãäᱏ$᩽kᓄöᙠ᩽]ᑮᵯ_|ᓄ$ᵬ⏚ᵯ᩽;<$CO2+2H++2e=HCOOH,^Ḅᵯ᩽;<$AZn+2OH-+2H2O+CO2=Zn(OH)2+HCOOH,ᐙᵯḄᵯ᩽;<øÈᵯḄ;<ù;ᵫ~ᑖ᪆஺4ூ௃A.ᵫÒmòaÆúÈô2_Ø□2_ÆbÆúÈôk᪷2_Ø▢2_ÆᦑA7B.᪷ñÒÔmòÈᵯØᵯÁÜ᩽$óóᙠÜ᩽ᜫ\ᵯ_3ᡂó2_ᔠÅᔠÆÍᵯ2ôḄk᪷2_3ᡂZn(OH)4”Ü᩽Ḅᵯ᩽;<#$Zn+4OH-2e-=Zn(OH)42,ᦑB7C.ÈᵯàáPdãäᱏ$᩽kᓄöᙠ᩽]ᑮᵯ_|ᓄ$ᵬ⏚ᐙᵯØᵯÁᵬ⏚ᙠàáPdãäᱏ⊤☢|ᓄ$CO2,ᦑc┯c7D.ÅᔠÆÍÎḄHO2ᡂH*5OH-,᪷ñ^Ḅᵯ᩽;

6᝞cd(eᣚgA.╄jklmn!Ḅᵯ᩽P[NHN-4e-=NT+5H+22B.u!ᡂ11.2Lw᪗yz{|N2,ᑣḄUᐗ[ImolC.ᙠᵯUVN2HឋH2OD.ᵯCᵯdKLḄpHmn!%ᓄூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵯ[2UO22++N2H5++3H+2U4++N2T+4H2O,ᵫUVWkᵯ᩽¡ᑣ[▢᩽n!ᵯ᩽[2UCh2++4e-+8H+=2114++8¥0,╄⛶kl[□᩽n!ᵯ᩽[N2HN-4e=N2T+5H+Nூ¨௃A.ᑖ᪆╄©kl¡ªᵯ«᩽[□᩽n!ᓄᵯ᩽[N2HN-4e=N2T+5H+,ᦑA«NB.᪷ᵯ[2UO22++N2H5++3H+®2U4++N2T+4H20,᪗{^¯!ᡂ22.4LN2,ḄUᐗ[2m01,ᑣu!ᡂ11.2Lw᪗yz{|N2,ᑣḄUᐗ[Imol,ᦑB«NC.N2HNᜫᵯ(±²H?0,ᑣឋH20,ᦑC«ND.ᵫᵯ[2UO22++N2H4+3H+´2U4++N2t+4HO,W¶ὑH+,ᵯCpH¸2ᜧᦑD┯bNᦑ⌱D஺14.w2021.89•:;<=|ᙠᔠᡂ»ஹ½⏚ஹ¾¿ḄÀÁ!ÂÃÄᐹᨵḄᐳÈÉA.ᧇËÌÍÎᵨB.ÎᵨÏÐᣚᘤC.ᧇËÒᓄD.ÓÏூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ¨௃A.ÀÁᑴᜓ½⏚Ö×ØḄÙËÚ:Ûᓄ½Ḅ&ᓄ᳛ᧇËÌÍÎᵨᔠᡂ»ᧇËÝËËÌÍÎᵨ¾¿ÀÁÛᓄÞÌÍÎᵨᦑAßᔠ⚪àNB.ᔠᡂ»ஹ½⏚ḄÀÁ!ÂÃÄáᵨÏÐᣚᘤ+,ÓÏâÀÁᑴᜓ¾¿ÎᵨÏÐᣚᘤᦑBßᔠ⚪àNC.ᔠᡂ»ஹ½⏚ḄÀÁ!Â◤⌕Îᵨåᓄᑺ[■çåᓄᑺèᧇË◤⌕Òᓄ¾¿ḄÀÁ!Â

7ÃÄ◤⌕ᧇËÒᓄᦑcßᔠ⚪àND.ᔠᡂ»◤⌕ÓϽ⏚ḄÀÁ!ÂᰀêëìíÛᓄ½Ḅåᓄᓄá◤⌕ÓϾ¿ḄÀÁ!ÂÃÄÞ⏚îïðÏᑖ◤⌕ÓÏᦑDßᔠ⚪àNᫀ⌱D஺15.2020•89•:;<=|ñò᪗yóôFeSO-7H஺ḄõØCö÷99.50%~100.5%NÛö÷499.X
%~100.5%N;ö÷98.X
%~101.0%஺[øôù᪵÷FeSOû-7¥0ḄdØᑖᦪWᵨ⏚ឋ:═⏚ýKL+,þô஺ÿ
FeSO/7H2஺᪵ᙳ0.5060g,ᵨ0.02028mol═⏚ᦪ᝞!ᦪ1234"#ᦪV$%⏚&/mL$'(ᦪ&0.100.200.000.20V$═⏚&/mL$(ᦪ&17.7617.8818.2617.90ᑡ*+,-Ḅ/A.012345ᘂ7ᑖᨵ:;<=:;>ᜫᑣABḄFeSQC7HQDEFGB.᪷ᜫ{|>ὑ᪗TḄ~ᑣABḄFeSO-7HODEFA┯Y42B.⊤ᦪ!"#ᦪZᜧmᐸ!ḄᙳV=$17.76-0.10+17.88-0.20+17.90-0.20
mL/3=l7.68mL,᪷`5Fe2++MnO+8H+=5Fe3++Mn2++4HOJKḄᱥ2,…00.00179஻?஺/x278g/"஺/Ḅ/0.01768Lx0.02028mol/Lx5=0.00179mol,FeSO«7HOḄD=-------"------------420.5060gxl00%=98.50%,RN98.00%¤101.0%,<ᔠ⚪¦§¨ᑨªOᔠḄ᪗TRNB┯YC.᝞ABḄDG"▭T-V*«>ὑ᪗TḄ~¬ᑣWXYZḄ[\J]/ᙠ_`ab:aḄc:defghcᓄf7ᑖC,-D.1Ḅ3i/ᐭᨬ1KMnO4±²j⁐³nᑖoq´mD┯Yuᫀ⌱C஺

816.$2020•¼½•¾¿&ÀÁỚÃghCH3coeÊ+%ÍCH3coeHJ+HIḄÐ᳛`:v=kcm$C//COCH&cn$I&ᐸn⊦Ù$ÚᒕÜghᱥាÞ/ßàḄÍn1ᡠ◤Ḅ1ã&0.7/k,ᦋ±g332ohᱥæç1ghḄè1Ð᳛᝞⊤ᡠé஺c(CH,COCH,)/™11'c(l)/mol-U1v/103/mol-L'1-min120.250.0501.40.500.0502.81.000.0505.60.500.1002.8ᑡ*+,-Ḅ/A.Ð᳛`aḄm=lஹn=lB.øghḄÐ᳛ùᦪk=2.8x10-3miniC.ᜧghᱥkḄæçghḄè1Ð᳛ûD.ᙠ_kýᙠ1ghᣵ87.5%ḄCH3coe%ᡠ◤1ã/375minூuᫀ௃Dூx᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூzx௃A.ᵫ⊤
ᦪỚḄᜧᦪ᳛ᜧḄᦪ᳛ᡂ!"ᦑm=l,ᵫ)*+,)-+ᦪỚḄᦋ/0᳛123ᦑn=0,A┯9:B.ᵫAm=l,n=0,ᑣ᳛>v=k-cCCH30cH3G,Hᐭ)+ᦪJKLMk=5.6xlCG-3min”,B┯9;C.ᵫ)*+,T-+ᦪᑖ᪆LᐸXᩩZ[/ᜧ12Ḅ᳛[/C┯9;D._ᙠabḄh,ᣵ87.5%Lhijkᔊ3mn⊦pᓽ50%+25%+12.5%,stᡠ◤w0?7x=375min,D!z;5.6?10-3ᦑ{ᫀ⌱D஺17.C2020GᙠᵬஹஹmឤឤḄᘤᑖᐭbឋ,bḄNO,CCsG+2NOCgGuN2CgG+COKgG஺MᔜᘤcCNOGwtḄ/ᓄ᝞¤⊤ᡠ¥஺¤ᑡ§!zḄ¨t/minᘤCG04080120160c/mol-LT1

9ᵬ(400࠷)c(NO)2.001.501.100.800.80(400࠷)c(NO)1.000.800.650.530.45(TC)c(NO)2.001.401.101.101.10A.±ᑮ³⊝µ᝱v!(NO)=v⌮(COjB.ᘤ¸¹ºᑮ»¼³⊝Ḅ³ᙳ᳛v(NO)=0.01125mol•L¾•min1C.¿À³ᙳ0ᑖÁÂb[Ãᦋ/ı³⊝D.ᵫ⊤
ᦪLÅT<400࠷ூ{ᫀ௃CூÈ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூÉÈ௃A.±³⊝!⌮᳛ÊᦑU*(NO)=uENO)=2u⌮(CO2),A┯9ËB.ᵫ⊤
ᦪ0~80minᑁÍc(NO)=(2.00-1.10)mol/L=0.90mol/L,ᦑ³ᙳ᳛஺(NO)=ᛞᔳÐ=0.01125moV(Uknin),ѱᑮ³⊝ḄÒLÓᙠ40ᑖÔÕÖ80ᑖÔÕ×ᦑ1§z±³80min⊝ᡠᵨwÙ1§JK¹ºᑮ³⊝Ḅ³ᙳ᳛B┯9ËC.⚪ÛᡠÜᐹᨵh¤ᱯàÅḼḄâã¿ÀäÂb,¿ÀäᱥÂḄbᙠᦋ/ᦑ³ᙳ0ᑖÁ⎋0)Âb=³ᙳ᥅èÂb=:&êᦋ/ëᯠ[/ᑣ±³⊝C!zË஻(äg)D.0"ᵬஹᵬ±³⊝ᡠᵨw"î᳛"ᵬïᵫðñº᪵ᦑt᳛óôᵫõñᡠhḄ"ᵬᓽ7>400࠷,D┯9Ëᦑ{ᫀ⌱C஺18.(2022.ö÷*)ᙠᔠ〉Ḅúûüᓄᑺjᵨ¤Lhþÿ⌮
᯼ᣚCO(g)+2H(g)^CO(g)+2HO(g)»Ḅ(E)᝞ᡠ“*”⊤ᙠᓄᑺ⊤☢#ᔾ▬஺22

10ᔊI:ᔊnᔊinᑡ)*┯,Ḅ-A.ᔊIḄ234⊤5CO2(g)-CO(g)+0*B.ᔊII@AH-HḄCD0-HḄEᡂC.ᔊIIIGHIJḄK᳛D.NOᓄᑺP᦮RḄAHSTூVᫀ௃DூY᪆௃ᶍ19.(2022^_`abc)de2X(g)=Y(g)AH<0஺ᙠj|࠷12࠷mnᙳ52LḄqrmᘤtuXḄvwxyzḄᓄ{|᝞ᡠ஺ᑡ)*┯,Ḅ-口(二。日百°X屐\SXT2ᜐ.5)及旷f•00.511.52/hA.mᘤᑁy⊤ᑮ⊝B.aஹbஹcḄK᳛ᜧT5c>a>b9C.TJC,mn51L,lh,YḄunᑖᦪுᔊD.ᐸᩩ1TCஹT2࠷XḄ⊝¡ᓄ᳛a(Ti)

11ூY᪆௃ூ£Y௃A.¤¥¦un§¨ᦋqrmᘤtªy⊤ᑮ⊝A⚗¬®B.ᵫ4e{|°᳛±ᜧ⊤K᳛±²ᦑTIb,B⚗¬14-050459C.nᩩlhyYḄvw5"fmmol/L=0.45mol/L,ᑣᐸunᑖᦪ5a^7=5Äm20.45+0.5199ᘤun51L,ᑣ⊝¬ᔣÆÇYḄunᑖᦪுdC⚗¬D.¤È஻<(),ᓣ`µw⊝⌮ᔣÆÇXḄ⊝¡ᓄ᳛STᦑa(Ti)>a(T2),D⚗┯,®Vᫀ⌱D஺20.(2022^_•`abc)de͵wKa(CH3coOHᡝKb(NH3-H2O)=1.6xl()5,ᔣ10mLvwᙳ50.01mol/LḄÔ⏚Ö⏚Ḅ×ᔠÙÚt⌲ÜÝᐭO.Olmol/LḄß
àHtḄᵯâ᳛pHḄᓄ{|᝞ᡠ஺ᑡ)*¬Ḅ-电PH导zO8率7.L6.51.040Mß
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ាçèᐰB.aÙÚtc(CH3co0êk4xlO-4mol/LC.aஹbஹcஹdìÙÚt
ḄᵯíwᨬᜧḄ-cÙÚD.bÙÚtc(Cl-)>c(NH)>c(H+)>c(CHC00H)>c(0H-)3ூVᫀ௃CூY᪆௃ᶍ21.(2022^_`abc)ᑘ5ïðÝñòóᦪḄô஺ᑡ)*¬Ḅ-A.0.1molPtöᨵP-PøḄᦪù50.4M4B.0.2gD2஺töᨵḄûüᦪtüᦪᙳ50.1MC.óµpH=2ḄH2c2஺4ÙÚtöᨵH+Ḅᦪù50.01MD.ᵯY⛳NaClÙÚyÄ□᩽ᡂ22.4L᦮ᵯᵯᦪ2Mூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃ூ௃A.☢"᪀1ᑖ&'ᨵ6P-P,ᑣ0.1molP4&'ᨵP-P,Ḅᦪ40.6M,

12ᦑA┯89B.DOḄ᥅;<=20g/mol,1D?0&'ᨵ10<>10&0.2gDOḄᱥ<Ḅ=220.01mol,ᑣ0.2gDO&'ᨵḄ<ᦪ>&ᦪᙳ0.1M,ᦑBA92C.BᨵCDEFḄGHIJKLMᦪ4ᦑc┯89D.BᨵᢣOPQ>RSHIJKḄᵯᦪᦑD┯89ᦑ⌱Bo22.2021•VW•XYZ[\ᡃ^_`aẆᑴdefghḄXij=k-ỚmFnᵯoᐸqrsᳮuvw᝞y஺w&{Fᘤ}~ᵯ

13D.¼½Yὅ¿ூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃ᶍ24.2020VWXYZ[\Áᘤ&ᐭ1molPJ,ÃPQ\=PQ\1\ÄÅ⊝ÇÈᢝPQ®r᝞yÊfᦋ9জGᜧeÍ9ঝᜧGÏÐRSÑsᩭḄeÓ9ঞឤyÖ×2molPCL¨টឤRÖ×ImolPCk.¼yᑨÚAḄA.ÄgÅ⊝ÇPC%ᓄ᳛¿ᜧÜᜧÍᦪe᪵B.ÄᑮgÅ⊝Çট&ᓄ`Þ᳛isÅ⊝ᜧC.ÄgÅ⊝Çজ&PCI,ᓄ᳛§ªঝ&PCLᓄ᳛D.ঞ&Å⊝ßPCI,ᓄ᳛ᜧூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ௃A.জGᜧÅ⊝ᔣßáPC15ᓄ᳛ᜧঝGᜧÅ⊝ᔣßáPC15ᓄ᳛ᜧঞPC15¥QÅ⊝ᔣßá©PC15ᓄ᳛âãটឤR1molPCLs,Å⊝ᔣá©ᨬåPCkᓄ᳛®ᦑA┯89B.ឤPஹឤRPCk,ᨬåÅ⊝sÅ⊝çᦔÞ᳛sÅ⊝¢ᦑB┯8¨C.জGᜧeÍÅ⊝éᔣáRSᶍᜧªsᩭḄeÓঝᜧGÏÐRSÑsᩭeÓêªᙠজḄìẠ½îᜧG°¸ঝÅ⊝iজÅ⊝ᔣáḄïðᜧঝ&PC15Ḅᓄ᳛ᶍᜧªজᦑCA9D.ñîឤRᩩóyᐙᐭ2moiPC15ᨬåÅ⊝sÅ⊝çᦔÅ⊝ᓄ᳛¢ñឤRìẠ½RôᘤÏsGᑣÅ⊝⌮ᔣáPCkᓄ᳛ѧᦑD┯89ᦑ⌱¨Co25.2020•VW•XYZ[\ö÷øPyH,AsO,ᔜú᝱Ḅᑖüᑖᦪ}ýpHᓄ᝞wᡠuyᑡ
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14B.mḄᵯḄcOHHL5mol?tC.nḄḄᜧᐵcHAsO^=CHASO%>cH+=COH^
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,DCpHᱏ11.5,ᦑD┯J1ᫀC஺26.2020.wx.yz{|2019}~ᓄᝄᣴ,ᱥᳮᱯJohnBGoodenoughஹᓄᚆᑭStanleyWhittingham
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15THENOBELPRIZEINCHEMISTRY2019JohnB.M.StanleyAkiraGoodenoughWhittinghamYoshinoforthedevelopmentoflithium-ionbatteries”THEROYALSWEDISHACADEMYOFSCIENCESA.'¯⏚┞Lie஺஺?³ᵯ§Ḅ▢᩽'◀┞·᜜Ḅ¹ºᩞᧇ³□᩽¾¿À®yÁḄ¾ÂÃ]B.Ä-═ᵯ§ÆᯠᐹᨵÊᡂḄÌÍÎᵯÏ)ᵯÐÂÑ┞ᵯ§ᨵÒᜧÓÑC.┞ᵯ§)┞ᵯ§ÔÕᙠZ┞ᵯ§oÖᵯ§h¾×ᵯ%┞ᵯ§;Öᵯ§ØᐙᵯÚØS×ᵯD.ÜÝÞᵯ§¤ßàáV02+å⁐+H20+V3+è⁐oᘤ=V஺%ê⁐+V"ì⁐+2H+×ᵯír᩽▬ïḄpHñᜧூ1ᫀ௃Cூ4᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ64௃A.¯⏚┞Lie஺஺?³ᵯ§Ḅ▢᩽'◀┞·᜜Ḅ¹º³□᩽ØSyÁḄÃ]¾ÂᦑA%B.Ä-óᵯ§ᡂÒÊÎᵯÏ)ᵯÐÂô┞ᵯ§õ7ᦑB%C.┞ᵯ§)┞ᵯ§ÔÕᙠZ┞ᵯ§ᵯ§oÖᵯ§h¾×ᵯ%┞;Öᵯ§ØᐙᵯÚØS×ᵯᦑC┯J%D.×ᵯír᩽▬ï¤ßáV0+2H++e-=VO2++HO,öὑøḄpHñᜧᦑD2%ᦑ⌱C஺;ஹ7⌱⚪27.2021•wx•yz{|ᑡ
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16ᶍ28.(2021•DE•FGHI)KLMCo(H2O)6R2+ᕈUV⁐MCoChFᕈZ⁐MZnCLF^⁐஺`aCoCLb1cdᐭfg⏚ibjᵫUV⁐kZ⁐lᙠn⊝pMCo(H2O)F+4CTCoCLF+6H2஺AHᵨOtbjuvwbjḄx⁐kᓄ᝞z:জ|}~
:ḄA.ᱥḄḄMCo(H2O)6R2+MCoClF-&஺ᦪ3p2B.ᵫvwজLAH>0C.vwঝᵫ1c(H2O)ᜧn⊝⌮ᔣD.ᵫvwঞLḄឋpMZnC14R2>MCoCLiFூ6ᫀ௃ACூ:᪆௃ᶍ29.(2021•DE♦FGHI)V¡¢(Mb)ᵫ¥¦⊈V¨©ª«ᡂḄ~ᔠḄ¡¢®¯lᙠ1ᾙ&஺V¡¢±²Ḅ~ᔠ³(a)±ᑖµPQ)¸ᑗºᐵlᙠn⊝pMb(aq)+O2(g)<===^MbO2(aq)(a)ᐸ&kAkDᑖÃᔣ⌮ᔣḄÄ᳛Æᦪ(ᔣÄ᳛V,E=kA(Mb)P(O2)Ê⌮ᔣÄ᳛v⌮=kD(MbO2)஺37࠷,În⊝-ÏÐḄ)«vwᦪÑ᝞zᡠÓ஺(KL)Ôᢣij±ᱥf³Ḅ)ஹ×ØᡂḄᐸÙ⊦ÛÜÝt=ln2/k,kÄ᳛Æᦪ)஺}ᑡᨵᐵáâḄA.37࠷}(a)Ḅn⊝ÆᦪK=2.00Pa1B.äå²&ᑖµ20.0kPa,ᑣçÆèᔾ-Mb±²Ḅᨬᜧ~ᔠ³97.6%C.KLkD-60sLPIOkA=1.2xl02s-'.kPa-'

17D.ïðᢝᑖµ20.0kPa,~ᔠ³Î50%ᡠ◤-+óô1V¡¢Ḅõöf³ூ6ᫀ௃BCூ:᪆௃ᶍஹ!⚪30.(2022÷øFùHI)ᵨúFeSḄûüýþᧇᑴᜓ₝⏚ᔠ⏚ᨔ[KFeCzO)SFhO],᝞ᡠ஺10%NaOHজ(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26H2O⁐ᨔ,FeC2O4-2HOḄ"⁐ᨔ#KFe(C2O)3-3H2O234$ஹ&⏣Ḅ(⁐ᨔ஺c{[Fe(CqJ/}ঝ25࠷-#===1.6x1O20c(Fe3+)c3(CO2)2cfFe(SCN)3=1.0x104K4Fe(SCN)]2+=cg)c(SCN-)ঞ[Fe(SCN)F+(aq)⊈8⁐஺(1)9:;<ᐭ10%NaOH>Ḅ?ᵨA?(2)ᑏC⁐DE>;<ᐭ⛳GH2cHᡂ"⁐ᨔḄᓄKLM(3)<ᐭ6%H2O2ḄNḄA.?(4)PQ(⁐ᨔḄ“জSTᑡV?”ᒹYZ[V?(\V?]^)_`aᨔ-⌱ᵨ&⏣cdᵨ`ḄefA?(5)₝⏚ᔠ⏚;ᐗhḄᓄᔠiA?klKmnoᡠᑴᨔ;ḄᐗhḄi᝱#Qqrᨔsᐭtu;##oLᫀAᔲ$?(ᓫ)ூᫀ௃(1)`9:▬ḼḄ(2)(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26H2O+H2c2O4=FeC2஺#2H20+H2so4+(NH4)2SO4+4H2O(3)iFeᓄi(4)vஹᓾ¡ᨔஹ¢£¤ᨔḄ}¥ᜫম+3ᔲ•᪷ª[FegOSFḄK«G[Fe(SCN)]2+ḄK$#®¯[Fe(C2O4)3p(aq)+SCN-(aq)U[Fe(SCN)]2+(aq)+3C2஺(aq)Ḅ°⊝²ᦪK=

18c{[Fe(SCN)]2+}c3(CO)_c{[Fe(SCN)]2+}c3(CO2)c(Fe3+)_KÁ[Fe(SCN)Â_i_OxlO422c{[Fe(C஺)/}c(SCN)-c{lFe(CO)]3-}c(SCN)c(Fe3+)-4[Fe(CQjÊSË'஺஺-625x10,Ð24ÑqDIO"ᡠÕ®¯ÕÖ#ᐭKSCN>#×ØdᑮÚÛÜூ}᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃9:ᵨ10%ḄNaOH>`▬ḼḄ#ᵨ3moi/LḄå⏚}Hᡂå⏚æ#¢>;<ᐭ6moi/Lç#èᑮ(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2-6H2O⁐ḄDE>#~<ᐭ⛳G₝⏚>#<é#èᑮ"⁐ᨔFeCO4-2H2O,~êë<ᐭ⛳G₝⏚>ஹ6%ì஺2>ஹ⛳G₝⏚>#ᙠ70~80࠷ឤòóᤅõ#è2ᑮ(⁐>K3Fe(GCU)3,øvஹᓾ¡ᨔஹ¢ஹᵨ&⏣`aèᑮ(⁐ᨔK3Fe(C2O4)3-3HO1,2(1)ᵨ10%NaOH>$Õ`9:▬ḼḄ஺(2)⁐DE>;Yᨵ(NH4)2Fe(S04)2-6HO<ᐭ⛳G₝⏚>#HᡂḄ"⁐ᨔFeCC^HzO,®¯ḄᓄKLM(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2-6H2O+H2c2O4=FeC2Ov2H2O+H2so4+(NH4)2SO4+4H2O஺(3)"⁐ᨔFeC2O:2H2O,ᐸ;+2i#(⁐ᨔKFeCzO/SlhO,+3ᐭH2O2,Feᓄ஺(4)⁐ᨔK3Fe(C2O4)3SHg,!ᨵ#ᨔ$%ᙠ'($Ḅ*+,-ᜫ/#ᨔ$◤⌕2*'(34ஹ6ᓾ#ᨔஹ*89:;ᑡ=>ᵨ@⏥B-ᵨ$CDEFK3Fe(C2O4)3SH2OGH$ஹIGH@⏣ᵨ@⏣CDKLMᨔḄGNOᜫ஺(5)᪷QRSᓄᔠUᦪW0ḄYᑣ₝⏚ᔠ⏚],ᐗ_ḄᓄᔠE+3஺᪷Q[Fe(C2O4)3rḄW[Fe(SCN)F+ḄKdef|Fe(C2O4)F(aq)+SCN-(aq)U[Fe(SCN)F+(aq)+3C2஺l(aq)Ḅm⊝oᦪ_c[[Fe(SCN)]2+}c3(COl)_c{[Fe(SCN)]2+}c3(CO^)c(Fe3+)_K/Fe(SCN)w_i,OxlO4{22-c{[Fe(Cq)Fெc(SCN)-cj[Fe(C,O)]3'}c(SCN')c(Fe3+)-K[FegOj-1.6xl02(,-,44Hlxl(y5,ᡠKefIKᐭKSCNG-ᑮ஺ஹYᳮᔠ⚪31.(2022)ᵬE:¡¢ஹᦔḄ¤¥஺᯼2*§ᓄஹ¨ᣚஹªᓄ«ᑮᔠᡂ§(ᨵH?WCO9)Ḅᵬᓄᢈ°E±²Ẇ´Ḅµ¶஺·¸Ḅef᝞ºlefIlCO(g)+3H2(g)UCH"g)+HO\HI=-206kJ/mol2efIIlCO(g)+HO(g)^CO2(g)+H(g)AH2=-41kJ/mol22efHIlCO(g)+4H2(g)=CH4(g)+2H20(g)\H23(1)AH=kJ/moLefIᙠÄÅÆǺ¤È(஺(É“Æ”ᡈ"ÍÆ”)3

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ឋᑖ“"⊤ᙠឋ"”COᔾ▬ᙠឋ"#”ᔾ▬ḄCOᑖᡂ⊤☢⊤☢!"#ᔠᡂCH&,ᐸ&ᓄ(ᳮḄ*᝞,-পCO+WCO/01⊝(ii)CO+#uO+C#᠒(iii)C#+2H2=CW+#/(iV)/ᑏ5(iV)Ḅ*_______7IḄ809:;<=9o(4)=ᑭᵨᵯᓄBCDEᵬGḄHI᝞Jᡠ-জᑏ5□᩽Ḅᵯ᩽*oঝᳮPQᡂ0.1molCH4,□᩽RᡂCO2ḄST;ᓣ஺(᪗YZ[,)ூ^ᫀ௃প-165abc(c-d)ফdᜧfg(c+d)/ii7j(a-c-d)(b-3c-d)(3)O,+H=HO+*(ii)22(4)CH,CCXD-8e+2HO=2CO+7H+4.4832ூ᪆௃(1)ᵫmnopqr111=I-II,ᡠsḄt206kJ/mol-(-41kJ/mol)=-165kJ/mol7ᵫIḄtᓄBCu*qrvwxyḄzt᪷|ᔡ~nᵫAGSH-TAS

20qr⌕AG<0,ᑣv◤ᙠbᩩᦑ^ᫀw--1657b;(2)জIIIIᙳwSᑖᦪyiḄIIwSᑖᦪḄᡠᘤᐸᩩdᜧfgᨵᑭIIIIᔣCOHḄ1⊝ᓄ᳛72ঝឤឤᩩ,£¤¥COHḄ¦§ᑖwabmol-L1,¨1⊝¥CH4COḄ¦§ᑖ22wcmol/Ldmol/L,᪷|Cᐗª«ឤqrᒕḄCOḄ¦§w(a-c-d)mol-L',᪷|Oᐗª«ឤqrᡂḄ"0Ḅ¦§wamolL®-(a-c-d)molL'-2dmolL'=(c+d)mol.L1,#ᔠHᐗª«ឤq°5ᒕḄHḄ¦§w2bmol•I±-2(c+d)mol.L?~4cmol•L®=(>3஺#moll®᪷|ICu*q22c(c-d)rᐸ1⊝²ᦪK=ᗞc(COq)•c'(´H)=7(a-c-d7)m'o·l/L:x¹(b-3ᚪc-d):,(Lmol/L)(a-c-d)(b-3c-d)3ᦑ^ᫀ2c(c-d)w-(C+d)7(a-c-d)(b-3c-d)17(3)᪷|mnopḄᵨqᵨI-প-(ii)-(iii)q¾ᑮ(iV),ÀÁq¾(iV)w-O+H2=H2O+•:᠒Ḅᓄ8oIḄ0᳛ᡠI809:w-(ii),ᦑ^ᫀw-O+H2=H2O+7(ii);(4)᪷|JHIqÂ5ᵯÃCH3co0-ᙠ□᩽ÄᓄᡂÅÄᓄÆÇ▢᩽ÉÅÄᓄÆÇÊ!ᡂᵬGË|Ì#ᔠᵯÃÍᳮᑖ᪆^஺□᩽CH3co0-ᓄwCCh,ᐸᵯ᩽*w-CH,C(X)-8e+2HO=2CO+7H+722ঝ᪷|ᑖ᪆qr▢᩽CO?ᓄwCK,ᐸᵯ᩽*w-CO+8e+8H+=CH+2HO,ᡠᳮPQ242ᡂO.lmolCE,ÎᵯḄᱥÐḄÑw0.8mol,ᑣ□᩽RᡂCO2ḄᱥÐḄÑw2mol,ᙠ᪗YZ[,ᐸST;0.2mol*22.4Umol=4.48L,ᦑ^ᫀw-4.48L஺ÒஹÔÕ⚪32.(2020.ØÙ.ÚÛÜ)Perrier(ÝÞË);=ᜩᯠáËEDâᓭä☠æçèVergeze╋Ḅêëìᾭ஺Perrierîw;“ïáËḄ✏ñ”7ÝÞËò▭;ÅÄᓄḄ⛳õö஺CO(g)+HO——>CO-HOK=3.34xlO_7(mol-E1-Pa")2222HC0-H0——>H+HCO7K=4.2x1O-722alHCO7——>H++CO-K=5.6x10"a2÷rÕCO?øÑw0.031%,ËḄ⛳ùfw0.03167x1()5Pa,°ᜩᯠËḄpHú஺ூ^ᫀ௃5.68ூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூû௃

21c(CO2HO)=KnxpCO2=3.34XIO-7X(1.O1325X105-0.03167X1O5)XO.O31%=1.OXlO^mol-L1),⊝:2,Kalc(CO,?H,O),Kapta2c(CO2?2)c(H+)=c(OH)+c(HCO')+2c(CO'),(ᐭ*c(HCO')=6g8c(H+9'+,*c(H+)=2.1X10-6(molL'),pH=5.68«0ஹ23⚪33.(2020•;<•=>?@)AFeSOENaOHᑴᜓFe(OH)2ḄJKLMNOPᮞR⁐ᱥX஺VWXᱥ41.0293g,ᵨ[\⏚^+_ᐰa6bcdeᑮ250mLgchL6Ai[jklm6᤯ᒴ6,᪵qr஺জeW᪵qr25.00mLt┵vhL6wᐭ25mL0.50moiL-H2so,ᵨ0.005000mol17,KMnO”6^r|4bk}~6ὑKMnO^r25.60mL஺4ঝeW᪵qr25.00mLtỚchL6w〉ci0.8gKIa6ᙠᨩᜐ5ᑖ஺wi80mL஺ᓽA().02500mol.LNaAzOj^r|bk⁐6wᐭ^r|bk⁐ᜫ஺ὑNazSQஹ6^r12.80mL»ঞeW᪵qrl(X).(X)mLtL6|ᐭHC1kpH=l6᠒wᐭJcḄBaCl?^r஺☟Ob¤¥a6J¦ஹ§¨ஹᮞᓄ6ᙠ800cª«kឤ6V,®¯ᱥ°0.2988g஺᪷²23³´Eµᐵ·¸¹ba6ºNXḄᓄ»¼½A⊤¿À*nxÁᓄᱥ.mx\.yxÃÁᓄᱥ6Än:m:yÅᨬÇ᦮ᦪÊ஺ËÌͪᑡÏ⚪*(1)᪷²ÐÑ236ÒÓÔÕMXḄᓄ»¼O(AÁᓄᱥ•\•ÃÁᓄᱥv¼⊤¿)஺(2)ᑏMFeSOENaOH×ØÙᡂXḄᓄ»·K¼O஺4ூÍᫀ௃FeO3-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)2FeSCh+16NaOH+O2=2[Fe2O3-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)]+8Na2SO4+4HO222ூ+᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூâ+௃(1)ᵫᐗåæឤ³ᔠ23Nè6ébXLObêᨵFe2+ஹFe3+ஹSO',23জ¹bḄÅ᪵qLFe?+êc,ᵫᐵì¼*5Fe2+~MnO,,*»(Fe2+)=5«(MnO)=0.00500mol/Lx25.60mExlO-3L/mLx5xlO=6.4xlO;,44mol'23ঝL¹bḄÅ᪵qLFe?+êc6ᵫᐵì¼2Fe"~h~2Na2s2O3,,*“(Fe3+)=஻(Na2s2Ch)=0.0250()mol/Lx12.80mLxlO?L/mLxlO=3.2xlO3mol'23ঞ¹bḄÅ᪵qLSO*êc6ᵫᐗåæឤ,*n(S04)=»(BaSO4)=^|-^—^7XT^=3.2?10Jmol'ᦑ஻(Fe2+)*"(Fe3+):஻(SO42-)=2*1*1'÷ÁᓄᱥÀ233g/mol100FeO,᪷²஻(Fe2+):஻(Fe3+):஻(SO42-)=2:l:l,éb\ÀFeSCh,ÃÁᓄᱥÀFe(OH)2,ᑣXÀ23FeO3-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH),ùᔠ23³´6ᦑXḄᓄ»¼À*FeO3-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)2222;(2)ᵫtÙᡂᱥLêᨵ>úû6ᦑᨵ02üý×Ø6þÿ
FeSO4+NaOH+O2^FeO3-2FeSO4-2Fe(OH)2+NaSO4,᪷ᜫᵯឤ!"#$2212FeS04+Na0H+102—2[Fe20r2FeSO2Fe(0H)2]+Na2S04,+ᔠᐗ.ឤ
"#$/0◤2344

22H20,6᦮"#$12FeSO4+16NaOH+O2=2[Fe2O32FeSO#2Fe(OH)2]+8Na2SCh+4H2O஺34.(2022@A•CDEF)Gᓄ┲(SnN2)KLMNOP₯ᐝSḄUᧇ஺WX┲YGZᙠ3\ᩩ^_OᡂGᓄabGᓄ┲⍗deᒓg஺hi_ᑡk⚪(1)ᑏnSrᙠᕜp⊤rḄst______஺(2)vwxyz{|}ᓄ᪶⏚ᙠ3\ᩩ^_ᑴᜓGZbᑏnḄ"#$(3)ᓄ
Gᓄ┲PḄ஺vw᝞_6.000gPbᙠḄ⚠rbᯠ3ᐭ¡¢db{ᐭ\d¡Zb£POḄ“¥ᐰ§¡nbᵨ200.00mL10000mol/LḄHC1᪗¯6ᐰᔾᦈ(ᔾᦈ¥²³ᓄ´ᶍ¶·)஺¸¹rº20.00mLᔾᦈᐭ┵¼rb3ᐭᢣ¾ᑺX,ᵨ1.0000mol/LNaOH᪗¯Á
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ÅÆÇÈὑ16.00mLNaOH᪗¯஺জÁ
ÇbNaOH᪗¯ᵨËÌÍᘤÏÐ?ᢣ¾ᑺXK?ঝ·ÓPrGᓄÔḄ(¶⌕Ö·Ó|#)஺ூiᫀ௃(1)(2)(3)ூÚ᪆௃ᶍ