新高考高中化学竞赛专题5物质结构与性质竞赛真题强化训练解析版

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»Ḅ3ᦪb4,ëḄ3ᦪb8,3ᦪ1:2.18.(2020•ᐰï•ðñ)ᕶó(corrole)ôᐸᔠᱥö÷ᔠᡂḄᜧø?
ᕶóḄᔠᡂôᐸgùúḄ3ᓄûᜓýᐵÿ஺ᑭᵨᕶḄᓄ᝱ᑴᜓᩞᧇ"#$%&ᓄᑺ((஺)*(a)./0(1234)ᕶᑖ(A)Ḅ78*9ᑏHKtpfc)஺ABCᔠEFGHIᙳKBL஺MN)OPQCr(CO)6VAᙠᵬ3QYZ[ᑮ]^⁐ᨔB(1),Befgឋᨵᦔgk1.72opᐸQḄLrsFt┵vᙠwឋPxyz)BB034{(PPh3)V034{(0PPh3)ᢥ111ᙠᵬ3Q[ᑮ⁐ᨔC(2)vᙠHPyz)CrCbVAᙠᖂ(9ᑏpy)Q[ᑮ]⁐ᨔD(3),DQ☢LLIᙳHI஺ᙠḄᩩ)BஹCVDᓄ()*b),ᨵᵨ02Ḅᓄᡈ◀஺(DAQḄᕶᔲᨵ¡✏ឋ?B¤Ḅᐔᵯᦪo(2)ᑏ/BஹCஹDḄᓄ©ª(⌕¬ᵨ9ᑏ®⊤7)BஹCஹD஺(3)ᑏ/BஹCஹDQḄ°ᵯ±᝱(ᙳᵨMtª⊤7)஺BஹCஹDo(4)ᑏ/ᑴᜓBஹCஹDḄtª(⌕¬ᵨ9ᑏ®´ᦪᨬ9᦮ᦪ·)஺BஹCஹDo(5)ᑭᵨᵯᓄ©ᜐᳮB[ᵯᓄ»¼ᜫ¾ᵯᓄB+஺B⚜ÁḄgឋÂB+Ãᯠe7fgឋ஺ÅÆᐝÈᑖ᪆BᕶÂᐵḄᔾᦈÍLÎÏe℉Ñᓄ஺ÒÓḄ°

14ᵯ±᝱(ᵨÔtª⊤7)ᢣ/gឋBᐝÈÑᓄḄIÖ஺ூØᫀ௃ᨵ26CrO(tpfc)Cr(tpfc)(OPPh)Cr(tpfc)(py)d'd3d33224Cr(CO)+4H,(tpfc)+5O4CrO(tpfc)+24CO+6HOCrO(tpfc)+OPPh+PPh-^Cr(tpfc)(OPPh)62253(22CrCU+8py+2H3(tpfc)f2Cr(tpfc)(py)z+4(pyH)Cl+H2Td1ᜫᵯᙠÏᕶ»Crä3dlᵯ᪀%efgឋvᵫ»ᜫ¾ᵯ⌼ᡂᵯéêëìíᜧᦋÑÖᔾᦈÍLÎíᜧÑᓄூð᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃Cr(C0)6QñᐗóḄᓄᔠ°0°ᵫBefgឋᨵᦔgk1.72o6ᐸQḄLrsFt┵ô1ᙠOPQCr(CO)6ஹHMtpfc)VOPQPᓄõIᡂCK)(tpfc)ஹᓄöV÷ᑣBCrO(tpfc),ᓄᔠᱥQúᐗó+5°v2ᙠwឋPxyz)CrO(tpfc)ஹ(PPh3)VOPPh.,ᓄõIᡂCr(tpfc)(OPPh3),ᑣCCr(tpfc)(OPPh),ᓄᔠᱥQúᐗó+3°vᵫD232Q☢LLIᙳHIô3ᙠPyz)GO?VHKtpfc)ᙠüýQᓄõIᡂCr(tpfc)(py)2ஹpyHClVþPᑣDCr(tpfc)(py)2,ᓄᔠᱥQñᐗó+3°஺ூÿ௃(1)ᵫAᑖ᪀ᕶᐳ☢Ḅᐳᐳ☢Ḅᐳᨵ(6+6+6+8)=26%ᐔᵯᐔᵯᦪ)ᔠ4n+2Ḅ-./ᑣᑣA1Ḅᕶᐹᨵ3✏ឋᦑ7ᫀ9ᨵ:26:(2)ᵫᑖ᪆,BCrO(tpfc)ஹCCr(tpfc)(OPPh3)2ஹDCr(tpfc)(py)2,ᦑ7ᫀ:CrO(tpfc):Cr(tpfc)(OPPh?)2:Cr(tpfc)(py)2:(3)N᝱PQḄRᵯ᣸T3d54slᵫᑖ᪆CrO(tpfc)1PᐗZ+5RᑣP[ḄRᵯ\᝱d1:Cr(tpfc)(OPPh)2]Cr(tpfc)(py)21PᐗZᙳ+3RᑣP[ḄRᵯ\᝱ᙳd3,3(4)ᵫᑖ᪆ᑴᜓBḄabᙠde1Cr(C0)6ஹEOpfc)]de1heijhᓄlQabjᡂCrO(tpfc)ஹnhᓄo]pabḄᓄqrs4Cr(CO)+4H,(tpfc)+5O74CrO(tpfc)+24CO+6H?09ᑴᜓCijḄabᙠvឋewxyz62CrO(tpfc),(PPh3)]OPPh3ijhᓄlQabjᡂCr(tpfc)(OPPh3)2,abḄᓄqrsCrO(tpfc)+OPPh,+PPh,->Cr(tpfc)(OPPh,):ᑴᜓDijḄabᙠ}exyzCrCh]HKtpfc)ᙠ21ijhᓄlQabjᡂCr(tpfc)(py)2ஹpyHCl]eabḄᓄqrs2CrCl+8py+2H(tpfc)2Cr(tpfc)(py)+4(pyH)Cl+H,T,ᦑ7ᫀ92324Cr(CO)+4H(lpfc)+5O->4CrO(tpfc)+24CO+6HO:6322CrO(tpfc)+OPPh,+PPh,fCr(tpfc)(OPPhJ,:2CrCl,+8py+2H(tpfc)f2Cr(tpfc)(py)+4(pyH)Cl+H1;322(5)ᵫᕶᐵḄᔾᦈij℉ᓄBᜫᵯᓄB+ᵯḄᜫijᙠCrijᙠᵯḄᕶᓃCr3dlᵯ᪀B+ᯠᐹᨵ¡¢ឋ:ᵫ£ᜫ

15ᵯᵯ¤¥¦§¨ij©ᜧᦋ¬Ḅᔾᦈij©ᜧᓄᦑ7ᫀ9d1:ᜫᵯijᙠᕶCr3d1ᵯ᪀¡¢ឋ:ᵫ£ᜫᵯ⌼ᡂᵯ¤¥¦§¨ij©ᜧᦋ¯°ᔾᦈij©ᜧᓄ஺19.(2020•ᐰ¶•·¸¹º)»¼ᐗZAḄᓫ¾☢¿Àr᪀ᨔÂÃᦪa=383.9pm,ÆÇ22.50g/cm\AËeabÌᑮnÎÏ☢ḄËᓄᱥᑖB஺Beᢥ291ÒÓᐵabÌᑮᑖC,CÔÕᐸᳮØÙᨵÔÚÛÜ஺Aᙠde1ÝÞÌhᓄᱥD,D¼ÔrᨔᨔÂ᝞zàᡠâ஺BpabãÌᑮD஺CAḄᓫ¾ᢥ191ÒÓᐵᙠ400࠷zabÌᓄᔠᱥE஺åæᙠ¾ç1ᣓᣍᑮAḄnÎÔ☢hᔠê[F஺(ìíÝîïðᦪ6.022xl023mol1)(1)óôÒõö÷AøÎᐗZ.(2)ᑏúB~FḄᑖ(ᡈᓄq)9B
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D.,E.,F(3)ýúCᑖḄ᪀âþà.(4)ᑏú᝞ÿ
(⌕ᦪᨬ᦮ᦪ)஺জB
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ᡂEூF1/F——-Ir——FFᫀ௃IrIrF(IrF)4IrOIrFIrO*6524I//"/!F——-Ir------F——-Ir-------F/I/IFF2IrI;+6HO2IrO+12HF+0T(1),+Ir-51rH222ூ4᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ74௃CDEAFGḄHᦪ8x1+6x1=4HLMAḄNOFG;P(1)ᵫAḄᓫ;☢=>?᪀AB,O/4MM,ᵫᨔDḄ;PSAT:=22.50x(383.9x10-0)3,4Tg192,ᑣAIrᐗ\Lᦑᫀ6.02xlO23*Ir^(2)ᵫ_`a
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16kPᐵ
LTᑮᑖGc,CopgABLBiaḄ
4moi1ᵫ62m0t2
ᡂlmol(IrF5)44moiHF,ᑣC(IrFsWᵫDḄᨔD?᪀ABLᨔDEᜧᳫ_FGஹ{ᳫ|FGL}~⚔g=Ḅ_FGHᦪ8X1+1=2HL}~☢=gᑁḄ|FGHᦪ4X%+2=4HLᑣ|ᓄᱥE_FG|FGḄHᦪ1:2,ᑣDḄᓄIrO2^ᵫCAḄᓫ;ᢥ1*1kPᐵᙠ400C
TᓄᔠᱥEABLCAḄ
lmol(IrF5)4Imollr
ᡂ5molIrF,ᑣEḄᑖG11^ᵫ4Fo☢gh|ᔠGABLFGIrO*,ᦑᫀ*IrF6^(IrF)^IrO^IrFIrO*^5424;(3)ᵫ(IrF5)4ḄᳮhᨵoABLᑖGEᨵ4H`FG_FG}ᡂH☢LᙠFF☢ᔜᨵH`FG_FGNᡂ4H,?᪀ᦑ(4)জᵫ⚪ABLIrF6
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lmol(IrF5)4Imollr
ᡂ5molIrF.
Ḅᓄ4(¯)4+Ir->5IrHLᦑᫀ*(°ᨴᐭ+*>5IrR஺20.(2020•ᐰ¶•©·¸¹)প»¼{ᑖGC3F4ḄLewis?᪀L᪗¼·HÁFGᡂÂᡠÄᵨḄᩖᓄÇ⍝(2)ÉᨵÊ╅ᔠÌ᪵CÎLÏÐ2.56g᪵CÑ~HCLÒ2.80LH2(10L325kPa,0࠷),k×LØÙÚᔠÌÛᡂ஺(3)᪀ÜAÝÞßḄpᔠᱥᩞᧇâ4ãäåæ⁐èéḄᨵᦔ⌶ìí஺জîᓫïðñḄᓫgòóôpᔠ
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17Dco(Mg)=47%ACDn;⚪=>?
ᔠ@ᵯBCD@᪶BC>?F12H12,IJKᐰFMḄN᪀PᑖRSTUᨵWXḄYZᐭ[ḄB\@᪶BC]Bᦪ=_ᒕ\);ab⏒deᣚIJghiDj]Bẚl.ᐜḄnoN᪀pFSoN᪀BḄᐭqrSoᑖRᑁtḄYZᦪ=uv[SUYZwᵨ/xᨵឋyz{YZ|}~◀eὶ;ᑮᦈᑭᵨ=Ḅூ~᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ~௃*\>F'পᑖRCFḄN᪀)FF2c=C=CF2FCCCF3,FC=C=CFḄLewisN᪀Fஹc=c=cᑖ3422&F&&\&Rjᜮ.RḄᩖᓄabFsp2ᩖᓄjUᨵḄ.RFspᩖᓄFC=CCFḄLewisN᪀3F¡>஺=஺-£HᑖRj¤ᨵᓫZ.RZ.RᓫZ.RḄᩖᓄabFsp?ᩖᓄZHF:

18HF\/:.RḄᩖᓄabFspᩖᓄᦑªᫀFHC=C=CஹHF—C=c——C?6H3H2ᐳ
ᔠ@ᵯBCD@᪶BC>?F12H12,IJKᐰFMḄN᪀PᑖRSTUᨵWXḄYZᐭ[ḄB\@᪶BC]Bᦪ=_ᒕ\);ab⏒deᣚIJghiDj]Bẚl.ᐜḄnoN᪀pFSoN᪀BḄᐭqrSoᑖRᑁtḄYZᦪ=uv[SUYZwᵨ/xᨵឋyz{YZ|}~◀eὶ;ᑮᦈᑭᵨ=ḄᦑªᫀFHACD;⚪=>?
ᔠ@ᵯBCD@᪶BC>?F12H12,IJKᐰFMḄN᪀PᑖRSTUᨵWXḄYZHᐭ[ḄB\@᪶BC]Bᦪ=_ᒕ\);ab⏒deᣚIJghiDj]Bẚl.ᐜḄnoN᪀pFSoN᪀BḄᐭqrSoᑖRᑁtḄYZᦪ=uv[SUYZwᵨ/xᨵឋyz{YZ|}~◀eὶ;ᑮᦈᑭᵨ=Ḅ஺)ஹ+,⚪

1921.(2019•ᐰÛ•yÜÝ)ᑴᜓßàᔠᑺ(âãᵨäå)Ḅºæ᝞{HᐜᙠIJᘤᑁérßᮞë~ᯠ\íéᙠᤅï{ðàñò᠒᠒᎔ᐭ஺ᓣzö÷ràabøᓄIJ஺ùúûnüýᑮþÿ
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⁐ᱥ1Ḅᓄ_________o(4)456ᵨ89:;<=(>ᔠᑺᡂAᨵᦔDឋᱥEḄFGᑖ᪆஺ᑏAஹB'CᡠN⊤ḄᱥEḄᓄஹஹ.(5)ᡃSTᢈVWὅ✌Zᵨ(>ᔠᑺ[\]^Ḅ_V`aᐸcᳮefghᓄi[^ajkḄlmAj◤⌕4ᐭqr•ᑏ(>ᔠᑺt^mAuᓄᑺḄᓄᢣxᡂḄAuপ{|}AḄ{~c}஺ூᫀ௃3Ca(OH)+(2m+2)S=2CaS+CaS2Oj+3H2OḄ>ᓫ1ஹqrAḄCChxᡂ2mḄ⏚┛ᓄ஺ᡂḄ((CaSO#nH2O)S,a-BaSOZnS+SNaCH.,SOS2-S234mூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ௃(1)ὃ⇋ᓄᱥCaS¡¢£SᡂCaSm,CaSCh¡¢£SᡂCaSzCh,CaSCU¡xᡂ(¦§¨aᡠ+3Ca(OH)2+(2m+2)S=2CaS+CaSO3+3H2Om2(2)Ḅ>ᓫ1ஹqrAḄCO2xᡂḄ⏚┛ᓄᡂḄ((CaSOvnHzO)(3)S”,2-|}Ḅ«⁐+
⁐(IᑖaᑏCaSm®ᑖ)(4)A+BaSzCh¯B+ZnS+S¯C+NaCH3so4(>⏚ᵬ²³)஺´µ⊡ᐙ>N>⏚┛¸¹g&a>N>⏚ºj¹g&S'»>⏚³®ᑮ>N>⏚³aᵬ½¾'mGḄ»>⏚³ᡂ>⏚ᵬ²³஺মuᓄᑺs,.?-,{~c}+S஺22.(2019•ᐰS•ÄÅÆÇ)È1-1ÉÊËEÌ᪀ᨵÎḄ“ÐÑÒ”ᑖ}஺ᐸAAஹBஹC'DÔEᐗÖ~gkË×ḄØÙᕜÛaBḄᵯÝឋᜧgD.C¸ᑖßAஹBஹDxᡂàᐗᓄᔠᱥaC'E¸xᡂ᧕ᢵäḄᓄᔠᱥCE3,CE3ᙠVæç¸ᵨgèé'ᩔë஺A'E¸xᡂᓄᔠᱥAE3(bp,76࠷),AE3Ḅᐰ&ᱥñËXlᛛᧇõ╄^÷Ḅ5ᵨøcᑺ஺AஹC'E¸xᡂFᨵùᐗúḄᓄᔠᱥA3c3E6.ᙠüýAaD'E¸Ìᔠþÿᵬ
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201-1(1)ᑏAஹBஹCஹDE⊤Ḅᐗஹஹஹஹ஺(2)ᑏ“!"#”ᑖ&'ACḄᩖᓄ)⍝஺(3),ᜐ.ᨬ01ᓄ᝱ḄA3ᐗEᡂḄᑖ&4᪀6ᑏ7ᑖ&Ḅ89ᐗ(ᐹ;<=)஺(4),DEMe2ḄᡠᨵABḄC;D᪀;஺3(5)ᢣXH._____ᐗ⏚6ᑏK⏚LM'N⏚╅PᐸRSḄTUVW________஺CIூYᫀ௃PAsNSbClAbsp2ᩖᓄ6Cbsp3ᩖᓄQ|------p^'''C6(4ijJClCl☢61iC3l63iC2MeClClH3Po3,pᐗ⏚NiSO^+HzO+H3PCh-Ni+H3P0+H2sCh4ூv᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூxv௃y⚪{|A}~1ᓄ᝱6ACᙳB3EᡂXY3=ᓄᔠᱥ6AE3ḄvᱥᐹᨵRSឋ6A}{|AஹBஹCDVAᐗ஺CAᑖ3AஹBஹDᡂpᐗᓄᔠᱥ6ᡠ}CNᐗ஺᪷AE3CE3ḄឋMA}{|APᐗ6EC1ᐗ஺ᵫ.BḄᵯឋᜧ.D,ᡠ}BஹDᑖAsஹSbᐗ஺23.(2019♦ᐰ0)(1)2*ca”9cf,ᡂ118¢ᐗ£¤i'&஺ᑏ¥¦Ḅ᪶TUVW¨஺(2){pᐗ1ᓄᱥ(©ªᱥM)'«1ᨬ0Ḅᓄᔠᱥ஺(3)9.413g®pᐗ¯;ᓄᔠᱥ'«ᨵ0.003227gᵯ&஺{7®ᱥ6ᑏᓄ±¨__________஺

21ூYᫀ௃Ca+2²³Cf=*a+%CfWOg+3³nHOCH1224ூv᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூxv௃2-2.pᐗ1ᓄᱥ«1´ᨬ0=⌕·¸ᐗArᨬ¹-HOS&ᦪ⌕ᜧ஺A}»1⏚HO3ᡈ½1⏚HO?,¾¿ÀÁ©ª஺©ªḄÂᨵHQ஺2-3.ᵯ&Ḅ᥅ÄM´bl/1836g/mol,ᦑᨵ²“(e)=().(X)3227x1836=5.925mol஺Æpᐗ¯;ᓄᔠᱥḄ᥅ÄM´bM,ᑖ&'«xiᵯ&6ᦑᨵ²xx9.413g/M=5.925mol,M«1.6xpᐗᓄᔠᱥÂᨵᵬÇ஺24.(2020•ÉÊ•0)পÌÍÎÏÐᨽÎÒᔠᱥẆÔᡠḄKlausMullenẆÔ¹ÕᑴᜓØÙÚÛḄÜ6ᐸÝᨵ'ឋᑖ&'Þßà®ḄᨬᜧᏔ᩽ã(14.1Debye),àä½åØæ&ᓄᔠᱥḄᏔ᩽ã᝞èᓄé(10.5Debye)஺7ᑖ&«ê40.38%ஹë1.94%,᥅ÄM´ᙠ200g-moíîï஺,ᐸ4᪀ð¨஺(2)ᓄᔠᱥᵬᵫñÙᐗÕᡂ6ᵬ◞óô¯ᰦö÷ஹøஹùḄᦪ´ᐵû᝞ü²øùý8ᑖ&M´ýþḄÿ
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Ḅ⌕ᡂᑖ஺ᵬḄᓄߟ஺(3)ᔠᱥXᵫᐗ!"ᡂᐗ!ᑖ᪆$%᝞'()40஺%ஹ,36.0%ஹ-4.5%஺.1.066gX/0100mL12ᐭ45HNO,6ᐸ/789ᙠ/;2ᐭ45<⏚>?@ABᐰᦈE@Aஹ.@AFGH0$74gIᱥ1.066gAᙠFG
J᠒2L?100஺(3Nᨵ0.144g1஺জᔠᱥXḄᓄ(ᑏRᑁTU᜜T).ঝZᔠᱥX□\]Ḅ^_`᪀—ூdAgOCNLCi(HO)4C12jCl-2HO22ூ7᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃পhijḄkl40.38%ஹm1.94%,᥅op5ᙠ200gqrᓽtuᑖ]p5v200qrN

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Ḅ⌕ᡂᑖᑣN2,zvCO,3.0gᵬ~ᰦᡂ2.16gU᪗'0.224L,ᐸvzᑣzḄp5v(3.0-2.16-0.01x28)g=0.56g,ᓽCOḄᱥpḄ5v0.02mol,ᡠᙠᵬCஹNஹOḄ]wᦪv1:1:1,ᓄᔠᱥᵫᐗ!"ᡂᓄᔠᱥᨵᐗ!Ḅᓄᔠvᐗ!Ḅᓄᔠvᨬᵬ᧕~ᰦᡂᱥpIᱥᓫpᑣᵬᨵ¢£ᐗ!¤ᵬḄᓄv2M+84xxR(CNO),RḄtu]p5vM,᪷¦2R(CNO)=2R+2XCO+XN2,ᨵ^~--=—,ᡠM=108x,¤x=l,2,3.…¬x=lNM=108,Rv>ᐗ!¬xi2,3…NᨵuḄ¢£ᐗ!Ḅtu]p5®ᔠ⌕¯ᡠᵬvAgCNO8বজ±19.5%ஹ)40.0%ஹ,36.0%ஹ-4.5%,N(Cr)(N(C1)(N(H)(N(O)=19s404536??(³(´µ=1(3(12(6,¶·v(CrCnHuOo,.L066gX/0100L1,n(Cl)=m5235.51161.006gx40%2ᐭ45HNO36ᐸ/7(9ᙠ/;2ᐭ45<⏚>?@ABᐰᦈE@=0Q12W>35.5g/L0574sAஹ.@AFGH0.574g)ᓄ>@AAg^Cl=AgClhn(Cl>—\=0.004^/,ᔠᱥ᜜T\]ᙠ1/;¾¿~ᵯ\ᑁT]´¿~ᵯ\ᔠᱥÁ\]cr´ÂAg+᜜T\]஺\]ÂAg+ᑣ᜜T)\]UᑁT)\]v(0.004:(0.012-0.004)=1:2,1.066gXH(4.50%,n(H)==0.04527mH,n(H20)=-i-x0.04527mol=0.023985mol,1.066gAᙠFG
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ᵨ200.00mL10000mol/LḄHC1᪗ᐰᔾᦈ(ᔾᦈᓄ!ᶍ#$)஺'()*+20.00mLᔾᦈ,ᐭ┵./
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ᑮ34:;<=ὑ16.00mLNaOH᪗஺জ34<
NaOH᪗@ᵨABCᘤEF?ᢣ1ᑺXH?ঝ$JKLᓄMḄNO(#⌕Q$J5R)஺ூTᫀ௃(1)(2)(3)ூW᪆௃ᶍ