新高考高中物理竞赛专题5近代物理50题竞赛真题强化训练解析版

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11ḄCIS᜿31v=Z?cஹᢚ᳛஻᜿-¡ᡠ᪀ᡂḄ¤஺¥¦Ḅᐵ#V2ᙠ20࠷ஹ<ᜧª«CI¬ªḄᢚ᳛n=l+1,35xlT,³´<ᵯo.SMeV/c?»¼20࠷ஹ<ᜧª«Ḅ¬ªC½᜿I¾ᵯ¿ᐹᨵḄᨬEÂÃ$3ᵨ<᪷ÅḄÆ⍝ᐙÉ20࠷ஹ<ᜧª«Ḅ¬ªÊRᐝÌ#Íᑴᡂ<᜿ÏÐᘤIÏÐᑮ¤6ḄᐝI¤Ôᑗ=10-32”.<×ElOOGeV/cḄᵯÚ¼ÛᦪᘤIᵫ-ḄEpÞßḄIᦑá▭R᜿¤ḄÐãp☟å᜜Ḅ29.9MeV=30MeVஹJ1᜛/P^l123ᙠὃ⇋!"#ᦔ%Ḅ&'()*Ḅ+,-.7=)ᡠ)/=iiP1iIn^j=ln—+—Inc2dm4জṹ2"Ὦ:cos9=>-,0=—.)?+᜛஻஻cosancost/

12ᡠC=DᵨঝbC\ὃ⇋ᑮ*ḄGHIGeV/c?,p)OOGeV/c,ᑣᵫ஺=LᓝNcosO=3OP>/1—pPnP=0.99995,cos/?=0.1999158msin஺0QQ)”ᑣᵫSজঝOP"=2(i)cosH0065219.(2019•ᐰ\•]^_`)ᙠbc%ᚮe)fᵨghijkᑺ)m᪶opᡠHqḄre)stuv᪶wxyz{|jk.Ꮇ~ev᪶Ḅyzᐰឋyz)yzv᪶☟Ḅ)yzeuv᪶ḄkyzeḄk.v᪶Ḅ+,e+Ḅ12)ebᩭḄ+,4)ᑣ(1)tyz)eḄ+p,(2)=1.75MeV,tyz)eḄ+-jᑮ0.025eV?ூ¡ᫀ௃(1)(¤)E(2)஻஺54.oூ¥᪆௃ூ§¥௃(1)~e+,)¨v᪶+,M,yz)ev᪶Ḅkᑖª,ᓃuᓃ)᪷yzt®e¯°+±ឤu±ឤᨵmv=mv+MV(,´µᱏ=^///v2+3^ᱏ,Q]l,-m-M11ᵫ·¥P¸=-v=--V.0()m+M13ᵫ·OyzeḄj,ὡ=º=,»%)=)(ᧇ:(¿)\E(2)~t“yz)eḄ⊦j,E.)Ä᧕PÆ⌴Èᐵ¯ÈÆᓽË"ᦪÍÎ=0O25eVᨵ(Eஹ11lgU=2nlg—,?lj/54.13ூÏÐ௃ÑÒ*ᨵᐸÔᱯḄÖ☢)᝞Ù*.Úឋ)Û)ÜÝᨵÞÒÖ☢Ḅᱯឋ)᝞yzᡠ⊤àÆḄ++Ḅឋ.ᙠᜐᳮãä⚪)w⌕ç·ᜫé.

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14ூfᫀ௃L140.8eV
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15®ᨵp+q'=p'gJcp'2=p2+q2+2pqcos0,E+£=E'.°£=+p2c?,E'=²³+p%2,=qc£ᐸOµ#ᵯḄ☟·ὶ¹`ºᔜx52/x:os0=ylp2+m^c2.`xḄ¼½¾¿½ᜧp,ᦑÁx{ᡂ¹ᵫÁÂfᐝ{¦ᵫᵯᐰᔾᦈ.ூTU௃N¡Ã᪵ẆᐝNᵯḄ⚪ḄÅÆÇZ/0ឤN0ឤᯠ¥ÉÊËQᐵḄÍÎNÏpÊ2ᑮÐ⌕ḄPp.23.2019•ᐰ•cAᙠQÑÒÓ☟·ḄÔ☢|¬ᙶ᪗ØSOᨵÙᐝÚxÛYᔣÝᔣÙ☟·ᙶ᪗6TOḄᵯ.ᙠyÛᔣÞßᑮÙᦣÝᐝ.áâᵯḄ☟·#஻?஺ᐝ7#c,ᐭÝᐝḄNᦣÝᐝḄæR¾ᵯ☟·Ḅ1/10.çèᵯÍ/78Ḅᜧv,ᵯÍ/ḄᔣNxÛḄᜳ¬஺LᵯÍ/ᑮ"6Té"#N*#êâAḄATᡠëᔊḄ.íᐝ'()*ᔣ,-|^ᔣ1sᐝ1ᐭ)*ᔣூîᫀ௃ð=4=2.44vcூ5᪆௃ூ5௃ᵫN78ᐵØ⚪ñᩩó{âÍ/ᐝᦣÝᔣᵯḄ#ᵫÁ{52v=0.417ca0.42c./ivhv'ᐭÝᐝôᦣÝᐝḄ/ᑖ¤#p=õôp'=õᔣ᝞©ᡠª.ᵯḄ/#znU,/#Í/ᵯccḄQp.ᵫ/0ឤ®{2/-e//)

16'.nhvrsmJ=——/c2cêâH-hv=Q.\Qn\c1,yᵫÁ{52^=0.37%//?,/=0.27C/÷0=arctan-=arctan|y=36.1°ᵯøOTÍ/ᑮAᡠ◤.í#4=4=2.44.vcூTU௃ᐝNᵯḄᦣÝeù*úûüᦔAZ⊤þᐝḄ+ឋḄᐺᫀ⚪ḄᑣᵨឤឤḄᩖ"#$%&ᱯ(.*+,-Ḅ.ᙠẆ1234567.ᔲὃ⇋;<=ᦔ?ᨵ7⌕B⚪CᡠEFḄᩩHIJᡈὅ᪷N⚪CᡠOḄPQᑖ᪆TU.24.
2019•ᐰX•YZ[\]^_`aᓄcdefᐝᘤijḄfᐝk᳛mn=1000W,qjḄᐝrs☢uhmA=1.00mn?vwx

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18ᙠAK^_²&ᵯ³U,ᵯᑮtA᩽,ḄᨬᜧEK”,%᪷¢´ᳮ©eU-&-"KO>(11ஹᡠ"m=eU+£Ko=eU+஻cஹ—kz4J=6.01xIO-19J-(3)᪷¢ᐝᵯᦔÄÅÆᐝᵯḄᨬᜧª᯿[ᐝḄ{|Çᐵ¤È⌕ᵯ³UD´ᑣᵯÊDᑮtA᩽Ë,Ḅy7.ூÌÍ௃ᐝᵯFẆ)ᐝᵯᦔÄḄឋÏÐÑḄÒ⚪ÓÔÕ.Ö×⚪◀J’ÚÛÜÝ/ᐵḄÞß᜜àá⌕Ḅ⌕᪷¢ᐝâஹᐝᵯᦔħ¨Ö/ᐵ#ãäåḄ~¤ᔠᳮḄç.26.(2019•ᐰ:•;<=>)ᙠèé~᪶⊦7Ḅ,᎛ᨵ,îᵨᑮ஻ïð~!Ḅᵯñᡂ~᪶~.஻-◀ÊÏᵯḄ207^᜜ᐸô§☢ᵯõö÷ᨵøù.#úû~᪶-஻-~Ḅ᪶ᵯ₹ᦪZ=65(1)ᡃᑭᵨÿ
ᓫ஻Ḅ᝱᝱Ḅᵨᵯ"#ᱯᓫ%⊤'.(2),-./᝱஻Ḅ01᝞3ὃ⇋678ᦔ:;<=᝱>⍝@A67BCD67Eᓄ(3)H"᪶ḄJKL,=2.34x10-35U᝞3ὃ⇋ᑮH"᪶JKWXYᜧB஻JKᑣ\K"ᓄᦋ^_`abK(cde)K"ᓄ.ὃ⇋fᦔ:᝱KEᓄgᑖijk:ᵯ"JKᔾ=9.1x10বUᵯ"ᵯKe=-L6xK)T9c,wᨽyzᦪ=6.64x10|}.5ூᫀ௃পA£=8.87xl06eV(2)y=[11==0.89r(3)0.08%ூ᪆௃ூ௃(1)ᵫ\
ḄabKḄK"ᓄᩩᨵ஻=஻■.2ᐔ"᪶bᵫᨵ᝕=%E.r~rὶ=“¡._¢Ḅ`K£%i=_¦£§/."2rn2h2©"=1(᝱)ª஻=2(᝱)«ᐭᓽ£=KAE=8.87x106eV.m(2)®⇋6786:JKE

19@"ᑣ-¯°±Ek/=ym£.௄-/2ᐔr-rB´µ¶1U47tkym^Zqhnᡠºr'=rJl-]=0.89r.¾3¿ὃ⇋_¢Ḅ`abK.ᵫBJÀcbᑣabKL=L+L=m------rGo+m“-------rco=——rco=n—nU%+'%J1%+'%Lm,+mn2ᐔf஻"JÀᙊᕜbᨵᑭ/ᔩ/ᶭ=kª,S“+m,,Lr«ÊᦪËᓽ£kᐸabK60.08%.27.2019•ᐰÏ•ÐÑÒÓ¿᝞Ôᡠ'ÕÖᐝØÙÑÚÛÜÑÚÛÝa஺Ýßà2஻Ýßád,ᢚä᳛஻æ1஺çÜÑÚÛcèébᐝê`ëìBíîᐭäïðᢚä᳛J/ö=ᵲ%=1,ñäᐝcëìᐝÕᐝÖᑖò᝞óµ/¾y¿="0?¾ᓺhL¾2¿çᐜÑÚÛ⚔üḄᙶ᪗ḄyᑖK.ÿ1%3஻ᐝᵨᙠx,yᔣḄᑖ.ᵨ0,°hd,⊤3ὃ⇋#$%&'ᑮ=4ᜐ,-ᐸ/0ᕜ2.3ὃ⇋vᔣூ6ᫀ௃প6=arcsin|nsina-arcsinj^^[]]ফজ"4%43/?,ᑣᨵὡ=^^1-O]l-c°s9,F,.=-Tsing.ঝ04%XᑣᨵY=—ᩩkl—cose,-ᨽ`ব

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cos6—li+—sin஺/k`=-Apᐸdr⊤ᓫ☢Ḅᐝzᦪ?="ᓃᑖ☢ᐝ᳛.EF.=—[(1-cosi+sin0j](ᳮ=[(1cos)i-sin஺/]জᑣᨵ=^h(l_*)(l_cose),F=-*sinyঝ04%<ᑣᨵὡ…6,”.ᓾᖳsin®ᐜ<0hḄ☢v3ᐜ=Yᵫ1,ᑣᵫ2O6=-ᵯQy202h2cᦑ¡¢/0R.T=2&g”£cd஺=arcsin]஻sinsinaa-arcsinV/°sin஺In28.2019•ᐰ¦•§¨©ª1998«6ᨴ2ᡃ¦¯°±²Y³´ẆᑴḄ·¸¹º»¼ᵫ½¾¿ÀᜩÂÃÄÅᓣÇÈÉÊËdÌᔲᨵÎᱥвᨩᱥÐ஺ÈÉÎᱥÐḄ¹ÒᱥÐḄÓzᑣÔÕᵯḄÓz᪶Ø᪶᜜ÔÚᵯḄᵯzeDÛᡂÓz᪶ᵫÐzp*²dzn°ÛᡂÝ᝞ÞH=pß\He=2p++2n°Þ`ÎᱥÐḄÓzÎÓzᵫÔÚᵯḄÎÓz᪶Ø᪶᜜ÔÕᵯḄÕᵯze*ÛᡂÎÓz᪶ᵫÎÐzp²ÎdzRÛᡂÝ᝞áH=p\_^He=2p+2i?-^p

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24

25T-2îïcos஺Y1GZ1Z[ð▭7ò,঩°mHe-+mn"âHe-3+”,æ5=óÏcos஺/flHe-3+mnR=*3f,ಳmHc-3+mnÃr-2s)-R=0.಴᪷Â⚪ûḄᐭOḄ{+üDvÇÃḄ)n{|0ḄþᵫಳoÙ/?>0,ᦑ಴ḄᔠᱥᳮḄR=SMSஹR.ವᐹᦪᐭಳವᨵ7=0.132MeV.ᙠᡠᨵḄ᪶&'ᡃ)ᐵ+,ᨬ.Ḅ/012ᓄ.45Ḅ012ᓄ/ᙠ᪶0ஹ78Ḅ90ஹ:;ᡈᔾᦈḄᐝ801@ABẆDE⚪ḄᐭGHIᐰK/L0MNஹ91OP1QRឤஹ90TᐸV01@Ḅ2ᣚ.ᙠ45'ᵨḄYZ[ᯠ].^_⚪`aabcdᩖfgḄhij,k◤⌕dᩖḄnoᢈqTno0rstuv⚪Ḅwx.y⚪ḄE⚪O2QzᙠḼ.|}~)]vᵨᐸVM}.30.2019•ᐰ•QᙠḄᘤᨵ;ឋ~OᫀKrQᙠx20࠷ᐸlatm.ᘤ¢ᐭᙢ¤ᜐ¦c22§¨©ª.ᙠ«¬@ᨵ®¦¯⊦±±ᡂ┠O´RbQ,┠ᨬ¨/·¸᝱.ºᙠᙠx»/20࠷¼,ᘤḄ0.25atm,¾¼,ᘤᨵ·┠0.75x10-3mol,┠ḄÂTᘤÂÃÄÅsÆᶍ]i.vio¢ᐭᙢÈḄL1sÉÊḄË⊦¬.ᵫÍᘤ/ḄÎÏÊ¢ᐭЩªÑ/¸᝱Ò⊦±ᡂḄ┠ᑣ/·¸᝱᪷⚪ÕÖªḄᦪᑡªØஹÙÚ¸᝱ḄÛÜÝÞMNß0àØá¢ᐭᙢḄL1Ð᥅ãᦪªᩭAÎåæᐸË⊦¬.ூkᫀ௃¢ᐭÊḄL1஻ê=8.5xl0-2kgË⊦¬11§.ூ᪆௃ூï௃h”஺òᐭ®Ḅ᥅ãᦪᑣ©ª®Ḅ᥅ãᦪ஻'=“0-0.75x10-3hP஺ᜧV/ᘤḄÂT/ḄøùxR/᥅ã⊝1ᑣòᐭḄÛÜÝÞMNPV=nRT.জ00©ªᒕḄḄÛÜüÞMN0.25Py=O%-0.75x103QR7.ঝtᵫজঝḄ«=1.00x101mol.

26Ḅ!85,ᡠ&'ᐭ)*+Ḅm=8.5xlO-2kg.123ᘤ56+7ᒕ9"=%-0.75x10-3=025x10-3mo[/\22/r1?@ḄA⊦CDᑣ᪷GA⊦CḄHIJ'=.Lᐭ”N஻஺ḄJ=gj=gRSᡠ&S7=11T.A⊦CḄUVᙠX▭Z[5ᨵḼ^_Ḅ`ᵨSb⌕ᵨd)eḄfgShijkḄlg&mRneoឋḄfgqS᝞sZᱥuvSA⊦CḄlg`wxyz.31.2019•ᐰ}•~᪶R஻-!ᵯḄ207Sᵯ₹Nᵯhᡂ".Ꮇ?᪶☟S1஻ḄR⍝A.U᪶ḄᦪA,5ᦪNqdᦪZ,ḄR⍝Ag=0.529x1T'Om.2Aᜧd¡¢)S஻R⍝£¤ᐭ᪶ᑁ¦U᪶A§R=1.2X10FA"3m.ூ¬ᫀ௃15.118073mA>942Aூ±᪆௃ூ³±௃᪶"2S?´᪶µᒴ·ᙊᕜº»Sµᙊᕜº»Ḅᔣ½¾¿N᪶eḄÀÁ¾SÂᐭᩩÄÅNÆJ஻-⍝A.1ᵨÇ஻ஹ஺ÉvᑖÌ⊤ÎḄஹR⍝AÉ·ÏSᵫÀÁÐÑÉÒÓÐÑSᑡR⍝ÕḄº»Ö×᪷GᓄᩩÄSR⍝ᨵ=h/2A.ঝhᳮSJÚ="ZSঞ«0%=Ü/2ᐔSট5S%ஹàÉ%ᑖÌ⊤ÎᵯḄஹR⍝AÉ·ÏS£জஹঞ◀SâঝஹটḄãäLᐭS“æ2am2x0.529x1O'1015.11x1013ne±J஺=ç•Rè-------------X—=——-m.AmA207Ap2஻-¤ᐭ᪶Sᓽ⍝Aa>R,ì,íLSLᐭᦪGS±îq

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35ூ#ᫀ௃প'(X*y⊤Ḅ᪶ᑖ-.*13c12234᪆ব25.619MeVூ4᪆௃ூ=4௃112'(x*y⊤Ḅ᪶ᑖ-.-0*13c.122ᡠᨵḄ᪶AᣚCD.p+12C——>I3Nl3N---->L'C+e++vcp+l3C——>I4Np+l4N——>l5ol5O---->15N+e++vep+,5N——>S2C+4He132᦮Ḅ᪶SVWX4p---/He+2e++2veᡂḄ᪶.AE=14஻^-%e-c2=[14x1.0078-4.00262x931.494-2x0.511]MeV=25.619MeV.43.2019•ᐰf•ghij2ᑭᵨmឋopqrstuvw.x᝞z1mL|ᨵmឋop}24Ḅ~mᐭᑁSmw~2000m.7.5Sᑁ1mL⊈Sw1mL⊈0.24m.}24Ḅ⊦15SᑁḄ⊈.ூ#ᫀ௃5.9Lூ4᪆௃

36ூ=4௃ᒕḄ}24ᦪ.11N,=No1gj=2000x12=1.41x103.£Ḅ1mL¤N=0.24SᡠrᨵH=2YL5.9X1O3.=1Nᓽ⊈.5.9xl123mL=5.9L.44.2019•ᐰf•ghij2ᨵ¦.ᵯ¦210¨ḄrSªḄ«ᵯ¬ᵯ᪵SWªr®¯%=8.0xl125m/s±¦▬³S´¦µ¶S·ᡂ¸¹º».112¼ᜐᙠ¿᝱ST¬¦ḄÁÂ.ÃᜧÅ122Æ·ᡂḄ»ᜐX¿᝱Sᙠ·ᡂ»Ḅ(ÇÈmᵯÉÊS˼ᐸᵯÉÊḄÊÍÎXÃÏÅ132⌕ÑᜐX¿᝱ḄÒ»´ÓÔᑮÖgḄ᝱S×Ï⌕ÃØÊÍḄᐝÚr᯿mÅூ#ᫀ௃1124=2.81x1073m122%=4.27xl12T°m132r=6.45x10,omூ4᪆௃ூ=4௃mmr112ᙠ¦Þὃà(SSá¦sᙊᕜäåSæᐭçᓄ¦4=——éSᵫᔣìíḄᐵàᨵm+mT⎃1d,(v.Vﮯ.hᵫðåḄᓄSᨵñò஻ò.2óᡠr¸=¸1Å+%2J47t2/.ike2tnmke2rltW஻=1Sᐭm=lS36m,m=210õ,peTq4=2.81xlO^m..122»ᜐX¿᝱S¦ìà(»Ḅ.E.=-4.105X10-I6J.2rl£¦ìäåḄå.ᡠrÈmᵯÉÊᐝḄ.÷=?ù1ὡ/tz

37ᡠrI=4.27x10Tom.(3)»üýᑮÓÔ᝱S×Ïᨵþ”=1"=2,ᡠ◤Ḅᨬ.”=2ᵫ11„r,=—4=1.123x10241ᡠE,=-ZJ=-1.027xl()T6j.-2r2ᡠ᯿,ᐝḄᨬ./01ᓝ=6.45xl0T°m.45.(2019•ᐰ8•9:;<)=>,?@ᨵᜧ9CDEḄᐔGHIJK⊦MᡂHHPNRS@THUVᐔGHPgHḄ☟YZᑖ\1mn=l39.57061MeVUP,=105.65837MeV/c2,S@THgḄ☟YmtZhi1j.ᙠlmno᯿p@qrᐔGHḄDECsᜧt1v=0.965c(c=3.00xl08s1xy@ḄᐝC).mz(1)z{|⊦M}~ḄNHḄᨬᜧC᳛PᨬtC᳛(2){|⊦MḄHᙢ☢10000mḄ9yᔣDEV☟YḄMHḄ⊦72=1.523ns,zᙢ☢ὅqᑮḄNHḄᨬᜧᭆ᳛.ூᫀ௃(I)2.82xl08m/s0.2714c(2)4.59%ூ᪆௃ூ௃ᙠ¡ᐔGH☟YḄo᯿pS(ᐔGHḄZ£p)@ᵫ¤¥ឤᨵ§@PiPPᑖ\ªHHPnRS@THᡈᙠ¬p@Ḅᵫ¥ឤᨵ§@஻PEᑖ\ªVHPRS@TH"ᙠSp@Ḅ.¯ᵫ°HḄ±²³j´=(Plc)?+("I)2,E=p'cবrᑭᵨ±=·%஺2,ফ§ᓽ£>“2+%¿(4)§@ÀÁªNHᙠSp@ḄÂECs.ᑭᵨপব(4)§r

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