2023年职称英语考试卫生类C类卷

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2023
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15⚪⚪1ᑖ15ᑖ☢ᐳᨵ15$%&$%&'ᙳᨵ1$ᡈ*+ᨵ,-./0$%&1☢2ᡠ4Ḅ4$⌱⚗'⌱61$7+.ᑖ89ᨬ;<Ḅᡈ*஺/>ᫀ?ᙠ⚪ᓱ;BḄCDE஺1Wearecertainthathewil1getoverhisi1Iness.AsureBhappy2AresearchcenterhasbeensetupinthiscountryAApraisedBestab1ishedCreformedDcriticized3Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnight,lackoffreshairisoftenthecauseAde1iverBfa11ChappenDarrive^4Theiceisnotthickenoughtobeartheweightofatank.AsufferBacceptCreceiveDendure5Asmal1numberoffirmshavestoppedtradingAhoteIsBshopSACrestaurantsDcompanies6AInordertosurvivemanneedstoconsumefoodandwater.AworkBplayCliveDwalk

17Theresearchershavejustcompletedastudyofdrivingsituations.AAstartedBfinishedACchangedDmade8Itseemshighlyunlikelythatshewil1passtheexamAAveryBcompietelyCusuallyDmostly9ATheirparentsoneelivedunderveryseverecondition-aAsoundBhardoCstrictDtightlOMichaelisnowmerelyagoodfriend.A1argelyBpossib1CjustDrarelylMHaveyouta1kedtoherlately?A1astlyBfina11yCshort1yDrecentlyM2Whi1ewedon'tagree,wecontinuetobefriendsAAWhoeverBWhere^CAlthoughDWhatever13A.Enormoussumsofmoneyhavebeenspentonspaceexp1oration.AMuchACSmalbBLarge^DFixedl4AAboutonemiIlionAmericansarediagnosed,annual1ywithskincancernAeveryyearBsevere1yCactive1yDeverymonth15Thepo1icemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident.AsecretsBdetaiIsCbenefitsDwords2ᑖF▅HᑨJ16
22⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ▅H☢KL*ᦻ*ᦻ1ᑡOP7$%&/᪷R*ᦻḄᑁTU$%&VOᑨJ஺Ꮇ᝞Y%Z[Ḅ\UḄ]^ஹ/ᙠ⚪ᓱE`A?a;Ꮇ᝞Y%Z[Ḅ\┯d]^/ᙠ⚪ᓱE`B?a;Ꮇ᝞Y%Ḅ]^ᦻe'fᨵZ/ᙠ⚪ᓱE`C?a஺AStepBackinTimeADoyouknowthatwelivealotIongernowthanthep

2eop1ewhowerebornbeforeus?0nehundredyearsagotheaveragewoman1ivedtobe45.Butnow,sheCanliveuntilatleast8O.AOneofthemainreasonsforpeople1iving1ongeristhatweknowhowtolookafterourse1vesbetter.WeknowwhichfoodsaregoodforUSandwhatwehavetoeattomakesureourbodiesgeta11thehealthythingstheyneed.Weknowwhywesometimesgetillandwhattodotogetbetteragain.Andweknowhowimportantitistodolotsofexercisetokeepourheartsbeatinghealthily.Butinorderthatwedon'ts1ipbackintobadhabits,1etJshavealookatwhatlifewas1ike100yearsagoAFami1ieshadbetween15and20children,athoughmanybabiesdidn'tlivelong.Childrensufferedfromlotsofdiseases,especia11yricketsghiandscurvyj⊈i,whicharebothcausedbybaddiets.Thisisbecausemanyfami1ieswereverypoorandnotabletofeedtheirchi1drenwe11.Real1ypoorfami1ieswholivedincrowdedcities1ikeLondonandManchesteroftensleptstandingup,bendingoverapieceofstring,becausetherewasnoroomfbrthemto1iedown.Peopledidn'thavefridgesunti1the192Os.Theykeptfreshfoodcoldbystoringitonwindowsi11smno,blocksofice,orevenburyingitinthegarden.aSomechiIdrenhadtostartworkattheageofsevenoreight1oearnmoneyfortheirparents.Ifyouhad1ived100yearsago,youmightwe11besei1ingmatchstickspqᩚajobdonebymanychiIdren
orworkingwithyourdadbynow.M6Onaveragewomenlived1ongerthanmen100yearsago.ARightBWrongCNotmentione»17Peop1enowenjoy1onger1ivesforunknownreasons.

3ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Ahundredyearsagomanykidsdiedata11earlyage.ARightBWrongCNotmentione19Poordietscanleadtosuehdiseasesasricketsandscurvy.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Peopleinthepastpreferredstandinguptolyingdownwhens1eepingARightBWrongCNotmentioned21AAnEnglishmaninventedthefridgeinthe1920s.ARightBWrongCNotmentioneᫀ?ᙠ⚪ᓱ;BḄCDE஺^EnglishandEng1ishCommunity1ThereisnodoubtthatEnglishisausefullanguage.Thepeop1ewhosPeakEng1ishtodaymakeupthe1argestspeechcommunityintheworldwiththeexceptionofspeakersofChinese.2AAspeechcommunityissimi1artootherkindsofcommunities.Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunityshareacommonlanguage.Oftentheylivesidebyside,astheydoinaneighborhood⊙,avillage,oracity.Moreoftentheyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunity.Aspeech

4communityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesame1anguagenomatterwheretheyhappento1ive.3WemaysaythatanyonewhospeaksEnglishbelongstotheEnglishspeechcommunity.Forconveniencewemaydividethespeakersintotwogroups:oneinwhichthespeakersuseEnglishastheirnativelanguage,theotherinwhichthespeakers1earnEnglishasasecondlanguageforthepurposeofeducation,commerce,andsoon,4ALearningasecondlanguageextendsone'svisionandexpandsthemind.Thehistoryand1iteratureofasecondlanguagerecordtherea1andflciional᪀Ḅ
livesofpeopieandtheirculture;aknowledgeofthemaddstoourabi1itytounderstandandtofee1astheyfeel.LearningEnglishasasecond1anguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunicationthroughwhichthewindowoftheentireEnglishspeechcommunitybecomesapartofourheritage.23AParagraph12A4Paragraph225Paragraph326AParagraph4AThreatPosedbyEnglish^BDefinitionofaSpeechCommunity-^CBenefitsofLearningaSecondLanguage^DAdvantagesofLearningChineseAETwoGroupsoftheEnglishSpeechCommunityAFAWidelyUsedLanguage27OveralltherearemorespeakersofChinesethanof.28^Theboundariesofaspeechcommunitymaybedifferentfrom.2%Peop1ewho1iveindifferentplacesmaybelongto.30ManypeopletearnEnglishas.Aasecondlanguage^Bthesame1anguage

5CthesamespeechcommunityADanyotherlanguageEnationa1boundarieaFapartofone'sheritage4ᑖ:▅Hᳮ31~,45⚪⚪3ᑖ45ᑖ4☢ᨵ3L*ᦻL*ᦻ1ᨵ5⍝⚪,⍝⚪1☢ᨵ4$⌱⚗஺/᪷RᦻeḄᑁT,0⚪ᡠ4Ḅ4$⌱⚗'⌱61$ᨬᫀ?ᙠ⚪ᓱ;BḄCDE஺LU.S.BlacksHard-hitbyCancerDeathratesforcancerarefa11ingfora11Americans,butblackAmericansaresti11mor1ikelytodieofcancerthanwhites,theAmericanCancerSocietysaidMonday.^Inaspecia1reportoncancerandblacks.theorganizationsaidblacksareusual1ydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhites.andtheyaremore1ike1ytodieofthedisease.1Thiscouldbebecauseofunequa1Ḅaccesstomedicalcare,becauseblacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswell,andperhapsbecauseofdifferencesinthebioIogyᱥofthecanceritself,thereportadded.“Ingeneral,blackAmericanshave1esshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafterdiagnosisthanwhitesforal1cancersitesandal1stagesofdiagnosisthereportsaid.^“IndescribingcancerstatisticsfbrblackAmericans,thisreportrecognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecausedbyunfairsocia1andeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare.'AThecaneersocietysaidblacksshou1dbeencouragedtogetcheck—upsearlier,whencancerismoretreatable,anditsaidmoreresearchisneededtoseeifbiologica1differencesplayarole.Thenewstatistiesemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwiping

6outtheseunfairsocialdifferencesthroughpub1icpolicyandeducationeffortsJtheorganizationsaidinastatement.Butitalsonotedadropincancerdeathrates."Cancerdeathratesinbothsexesforal1sitescombinedhavedroppedgreatlyamongb1ackAmericanssince1992,ashaveincidencerates᳛,“saidthereport.31BlackAmericansaremorelike1ytodieofcancerthanApeop1einothercountries.ABwhiteAmericans,ACal1otherAmericans.Dtheirancestors.32WhichmayNOTbeareasonforhighercancerdeathratesamongUSb1acks?AAUnequalaccesstomedica1care,ABGreaterprobabilityofhavingotherdiseases.CDifferencesinthebiologyofthecancer.DEarlydiagnosis.33CancerismoretreatableifitisdetectedAinanearlystage.Bina1atestageACallofasudden.Dtogetherwithotherdiseases.34Pub1icpolicyandeducationeffortsmayhelptodoawaywiAdeathrates.Bvariouscancers.Cunfairsocia1differences.Dbiologica1differences.35^Since1992,cancerdeathratesamongblackAmericansAhavebeengoingupanddown.aBhaveremainedstableAChave

7increased.Dhavefa1len.4LADesertBetweenPaulandC1araPaulhad1ongpromisedtomarryC1ara.ButatthirtytheehemetandmarriedAlice.ClarawasdrivenmadPaulwastakentocourt.ThejudgeorderedhimtopayClara$600beeauseofthebrokenpromise.Pau1hadtoborrowthemoneyfromamoneylender.Heagreedtopayback$5amonth—fortwentyyears.Hiswagesatthetimewere$16amonthAPaulandAlicewerepoorbutnotunhappy.Theyhad1ittleenoughfood,certainly,evenbeforethechildrenbegantoarrive.EachmonthPaulpaid$5tothemoney1ender.Heworkedhard,nevertakingahoiiday.Intime,thereweresevenmouthstofeedAIllnesswasaIwayswiththem.Itgrewseriouswhentheoldestchi1dwaseight.Theyearsofhungerweakenedthefami1y,becauseeachmonthPau1paid$5.Thedetailsofthesicknesswereugly,buttheresuitwasthisFaftertwe1veyearsoffamily1ife,Pau1wasaloneintheworld.AHelivedalone.exceptformemories.WorkwasnotnowagodforhimFitwasapain—ki11er.Eachmonthhepaid,andintimethetwentyyearsended.Fromthatmomenthiswageswerehisown.Oneday,Itwasaholidaywenttotheseaside.Hesatdownonaseatbythesea.Amiddle.agedwomancameandsatdownnearhim.TheyrecognizedeachotheratoneeAThewomansaid."The$600hasbeeninthebanksincethedayitwaspaidtome.Itisnow$6,000,andIhavekeptitforyou.Willyou1etmeshareitwithyou?,,“No,"saidPaul,gent1y."Eachthousandisalostlifeinadesertbetweenus.Itcanneverbringanyhappiness.”

836PaulwasorderedtopayClara$600becauseAhehadborrowed$600fromherABhehadbrokenhiswordtomarryherAChehadpromisedtogiveher$600ADhehadspenta1otofhermoney.37HowmanychildrendidPau1andAlicehave?AATwoABFour.CFive.DEight.SI38Twelveyearsafterhismarriage,PaulwasApoorbutnotsadABverysick.Cfreefromdebt.ADlonelyandunhappy.39Afterhiswifeandchi1drendied,PaulturnedtohisworktaAeasehispain.Bforgethisdebt^Cgetpleasure.Dseekfriendship.40WhenPaulmetClaraagain20yearslater,hedecidedAtosharethe$600withher.ABnottomarryher.Ctoaskbackthe$600.DnottorefuseheroffeᏉLFlorenceNightinga1eFlorenceNightingalewasbominFlorence,Ita1y,whileherwea1thyEng1ishparentsweretravelinginEurope.Asachild,shetrave1edtomanyplaceswithherfamilyand1eamedhowtospeakseverallanguages.WhenNightinga1ewas17,shetoIdherfamilythatshewasgoingtohe]psickpeop1e.Herparentsdidnotapprove,butNightingalewasdeterminedAShetraveledtohospitalsa11overEurope.Shesawthatdoctorswereworkingtoohard.Shesawthatpatientsdiedbecausethe

9ydidnotgetenoughcare.NightingalefeItthatwomencouldbedoingmoretohelpdoctorstakecareofsickpeopie.Nightinga1eknewthatinorderfornursestodomore,theyneededspecialtraininginhowtotakecareofsickpeople.NightingalewenttoahospitalinGermanytostudynursing.ThenshereturnedtoLondonandbecametheheadofagroupofwomencal1edGentlewomenDuringI11ness,Thesewomencaredforsickpeopleintheirhomes.>In1854.EnglandwasfightingawarwithRussia.J^reporterswroteabouttheterribleconditionsinthehospitaIsthatcaredforthewounded.Peopledemandedthatsomethingbedoneaboutit,A1eaderofthegovernmentaskedF1orenceNightingaletotakesomenursesintothewarhospita1s.So,inNovember1854,Nightingalefina1lygottoworkinahospitalShetooka1ong38nurseswhomshehadtrainedherse1f.Atfirst.thedoctorsonthebattlefieldsdidnotwantNightingaleandhernursesintheirhospitaIs.Theydidnotbelievethatwomencouldhelp.Butinfact,thenursesdidmakeadifference.Theyworkedaroundtheclock,tendingthesick.Thankstotheirhardwork,manywoundedsoldierssurvived.Afterthewar,Nightingaleandhernursesweretreated1eheroes,oFinally,in1860,shestaitedtheNightingaleSchoolforNurses.Intime,thankstoFlorenceNightingale,nursingbecameanimportantpartofmedicine.A41FlorenceNightingalewasbomintoarichAAItalianfamilyqBRussianfamily.CEng1ishfami1y.ADGermanfami1y.42Nightingale'sparentsdidnotapproveofherdecisionAtoworkasadoctor.

10BtocareforsickpeopleACtofightinthewarwithRussia.ADtotrave1tohospita1salloverEurope.43ItwasnotuntiltheWarwithRussiathatNightingale^Agottoworkinahospitai>BbegantostudynursingCstartedtocareforsickpeopleintheirhomes.DbeeametheheadofGentlewomenDuringIliness44OnthebattlefieldsNightingaleandhernursesprovedtobe^Aasbadasthedoctorshadexpected.BquitegeneroUS.AClessthanusefu1.Dveryhelpfu1.45NightingaleplayedagreatroleinAthebuildingofwarhospitals.ABtheeducationofwomensCthedevelopmentofnursing.Dtheimprovementofworkingconditionsforwomen.5ᑖF⊡ᐰ*ᦻ(46|50⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ4▅H☢Ḅ*ᦻᦻe'ᨵ5.ᜐª«ᦻe1☢ᨵ6¬ᦻ/᪷RᦻeḄᑁT⌱65¬ᦻ>ᐸᑖ¯°ᦻe±ᨵCD²ឮ´ᦻe±µ஺/>ᫀ?ᙠ⚪ᓱ;BḄCDE஺rSlAl1ofUShavefeItpain.Wehavecutourse1ves.Wehavebeenburned.Orwehavehadheadaches.Someofussufferpainrare1ypainrarely.(46)Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmind,makingitimpossibletomoveandeventothink.Yetweneedpain.Withoutit,wewouldnotknow.1fwehavehurtourse1ves.Itisourbody'swarningsystem.(47)PainisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctorItisthemostcommonreasonwetakemedicines.Unti1recently,however,mostdoctors

11knewofonlyafewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains(48)Butnewknow1edgeabouttheprocessofpainishelpingthemtocontro1painbetterAScientistshaveleamedthatthesenseofpainismadeupofbothchemicalande1ectricaIsignaIs.(49)ScientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervoussystemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrainFoneveryfast,theothers1ow.Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal.ltmovesataspeedof30metersasecond.In1essthanasecond,thebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebodyishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured.(50)Ittellsusnottousetheinjuredpartuntilithea1s.AAAndothershavepainfu1a11acksa111hetime.BThesesigna1stravelfromnervece1Isintheinjuredarea,upthespinalcord(¶·)tothebrain,andbackdownagain.CIttel1susthatWeareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutitDTheyknew1ittleabouttheprocessofpainitself.ETheothermessagemovesataspeedofonly013|meterasecond.FAndtheysendthesecond,slowermessageofpaintothebrain.6ᑖFv¹ºª51~65⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖA▅H☢Ḅ*ᦻᦻ'ᨵ15ᜐª«ᜐª«4OP4$⌱⚗/᪷R*ᦻḄᑁ04$⌱⚗'⌱61$ᨬᫀ,?ᙠ⚪ᓱ;BḄCDE஺WhatIsCancer?ACancerisactuallyagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatallhavetodowithcells.Cellsaretheverysmallunitsthatmakeupa11------(51)things,includingthehumanbody.Therearebillionsofcells------(52)eachperson'sbody.Cancerhappenswhence11sthatarenotnormalgrow------(53)spreadveryfast.Normalbodycel1sgrowanddivideandknowwhentostopgrowing.Overtime,theyalsodie.

12(54)thesenormalce11s,cancercellsjustcontinuetogrowanddivideoutofcontrolanddon'tdie.Cancerce11susuallygrouptogethertoformtumors(»᷈)AAgrowingtumorbecomesalumpofcancercells------(55)candestroythenorma1cellsaroundthe------(56)anddamagethebody'sheaIthytissues.Thiscanmakesomeonevery------(57).SometimescancerceIlsbreakawayfromtheoriginaltumorandtrave1tootherareasofthe------(58),wheretheykeepgrowingandcangoontoformnewtumors.Thisishowcancer---(59).Thespreadofatumortoanewplaceinthebodyis------(60)metastasis(½¾)qPeopiewithcancermayfeelprettysickattimes—butCallusuallystilidolotsofnormalthings.------(61)theyareverysick,kidsandteenagerswithcancermaysti11beabletogotoschool.TheymaybetiredOrbruise(O¿☘»)easily,butthey------(62)sometimesgotocamp,movies,ands1eepover(ᙠ᜜ÂÃḄ)parties.Peoplewithcancerstill1ikethesamethingstheydid------(63)theygotsick.Cancerinkidsisrare-buttoday,manykidswhodogetcancergoonlivingnormallives.Thenumberofkidswhobeatcancergoes------(64)everyyearbeeauseofnewcancertreatments.Soalotofkidswithcancerwil1somedaydrivecars,gotoco1lege,havecareers,andevenget-----(65)andhavefamiliesoftheirown.51AlivingBniceCbigDwhole52AbyBinCwithDat53AorBbutCandDthough54AUn1ikeBLikeCAfterDWithout55AwhoBwhatCwhereDwhich56AAshapeBtumorCthingDgrou

13p57AsickBrichCmildDactive58AcountryBbodyCCel1Dp1ace59AspreadsBturnsCmovesDtravels60AsaidBsupposedCknownDcalledA61AIncaseBBecauseCUnlessDIÄ62AcanBmustCshouIdDneedA63AbeforeBafterConceDWhile64AdownBbyCupDforward65AfiredBmarriedCjoinedDupset2023
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14'“endure”Ðᣚ“bear”ᦋÜåᩭḄ%&Ḅ8Ï஺5.ᫀD஺“firm”Ë“company”Íᨵ“çè”Ḅ8Ï஺áᜐØᵨcompaniesÐᣚfirms஺A6.ᫀC஺“survive”Ë“live”Í⊤ë“ìᩭí”Ḅ8ÏزÐᣚᦑ⌱C஺7.ᫀBo11compiete”7“finish”Í\“vw”Ḅ8ÏØÙᣚ,ᦑ⌱B«8.ᫀA஺“high1y”Ë“very”Í⊤ë“▲ðñòó”Ḅ8Ï஺9.ᫀB஺“hard”Ë“severe”Íᨵ“⁎õ”Ḅ8ÏᙠK$89E“hard”زÐᣚ“severe”ÚᦋÜ%&Ḅ89஺10.ᫀC஺“merely”\“öö”Ḅ8Ï஺“just”ÓᨵK$8Ï஺11.ᫀD஺“lately”Ë“recent1y”Íᨵ“ᨬ<”Ḅ8Ï஺12A.ᫀC஺“while”ᙠK$%&'÷øḄ\$ùú0%ᡠøḄVᵨ\û“although”Õ᪵Ḅ஺13.ᫀB஺“enormous”Ë“1arge”Í\“ýᜧḄ”ᙠKþÿὅ
ᣚ஺14.ᫀA஺“annually""everyyear”Ḅ஺A15.ᫀB஺“detai1s""⁚"Ḅ஺“particulars”"⁚”Ḅ஺4ᑖ:▅ᑨ16Cᦻ!"#ᯠ%ᑮ᝕ឋḄ)*+ᙠ⌕.!/01234,678ᨵ%:!/01᝕ឋᔲ.ᵱឋ)*⌕2!=஺17ABᦻ">?@ABCD+ᙠ.EF2)ḄGH஺A18AᦻI"ᜮ!KLM!/01NO4PQRSLTᢚB஺A19AᦻI"%ᑮNVWXYZ⊈X\]^_`abḄ஺A20Bᦻc"%ᑮNCDEFdᡠfḼṑiᵫklQmSNnopkqr஺21Cᦻs"tMNuᑮ20vw2023xCDyᨵBz{
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