安徽省宣城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末英语Word版含解析

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宣城市2020—2021学年度高二第一学期期末调研测试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷（选择题共100分）第一部分听力(共两节,满分30 分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdo?A.Planapicnic.B.Goonapicnic.C.Stayathome.2.Howdidthemancometowork?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.3.What’sthecolorofthedress?A.White.B.Red.C.Yellow.4.Whatisthewoman?A.Atrafficpolicewoman.B.Abusconductor.C.Amathteacher.5.WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheEnglishclass?A.Dull.B.Interesting.C.Difficult.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5 分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至7题。6.WhichgradeisJohnin?

1A.SeniorOne.B.SeniorTwo.C.JuniorThree.7.WhatisJohn’sproblem?A.Theteachersaretoostrict.B.Thesubjectsaredifficult.C.Hisclassmatesarenoteasy-going.听下面一段对话，回答第8至9题。8.WhatisTombusydoing?A.WatchingTV.B.Playingcomputergames.C.Chattingonthephone.9.HowlongdoesTomplantospendonhisvacationhomework?A.Threedays.B.Tendays.C.Oneweek.听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。10.Whoisthecaller?A.David.B.Mr.Smith.C.Helen.11.Howmanyticketshavebeenbought?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.12.WhenshouldMr.Smitharriveatthecinema?A.At8:00.B.At7:30.C.At7:00.听下面一段对话，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdidLiMeidorecently?A.Sheclimbedamountain.B.Shevisitedavillage.C.Shereturnedtoherschool.14.WhatdidLiMeiNOTdoforthechildren?A.TeachthemEnglish.B.Givethemmoney.C.Givethemschoolsupplies.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthechildren?A.Theyarenaughty.B.Theyareveryshy.C.Theyarehard-working.16.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisseenasanangel.B.Hewillnotvisitthosechildren.C.Hepassedhisdrivingtest.听下面一段对话，回答第17至20题。17.WhatisLuke?A.Adriver.B.Avisitor.C.Aguide.18.Howlongwillittakeforthebustogettothehotel?A.15minutes.B.50minutes.C.5minutes.

219.WhatisSanJose?A.Atown.B.Acity.C.Abeach.20.WhatcanyoudoinSanJose,LosCabos?A.Drinkinpublic.B.Swimintheocean.C.Gohorseriding.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHelloandwelcometoEnglishwithLucy.Todaywehaveanothertopic:“FourcommonBritishexpressions.”Now,beforewegetstarted,makesureyouconnectwithmeonallmysocialmediawhichisrighthere.YoucansubscribetomyYouTube.YoucanalsolikemeonFacebook.AndformyChinesefollowers,IhavemyWeiboaccountaswell.FourCommonBritishExpressions:“Apieceofcake.”Andthisisverysimilarto“Easy-peasy,lemonsqueezy,”whichwe'vediscussedinaformervideo.Andbasically,itmeansveryeasy.SoImightcomeoutofaneasyexamsaving,“Thatexamwasapieceofcake.”“Breakaleg!”Itactuallylooksreallyrathercruel,butIpromiseyouit'spositive.And“Breakaleg!”means“Goodluck!”Sobeforearace,beforeajobinterview,beforeatest,insteadofsaying“Goodluck!”Imightsay“Breakaleg!”“Itcostanarmandaleg.”Andthisbasicallymeanssomethingwasreallyexpensive.IfIsay,“Mybagcostanarmandaleg,”Imeanitcostalotofmoney.“Tocallitaday.”Andthismeans“toendatask”.So,forexample,“I'mfeelingabittired.IthinkI'llcallitaday.”Thatmeans“IthinkI'llstophere.Let'sfinish.”Thankyousomuchforwatchingthisprogramof“FourCommonBritishExpressions.”Ihopeyoulikeit,andIhopeyou'velearnedsomething.1.HowcanChineselistenersconnectwithLucy?A.WithWechatB.ThroughWeiboC.OnFacebookD.ByYouTube.2.WhenJohnwenttoanEnglishSpeechCompetition,youshouldsay“_________”tohim.A.Breakaleg!B.Itcostanarmandaleg.

3C.TocallitadayD.Apieceofcake.3.Whatdoeshe/shemeanwhentheteachersays“Let'scallitaday.”?A.He/ShewillstopthatdayB.He/ShefeelstiredC.Classisover.D.Itisdaytime.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。广播介绍了“四个常见的英式表达”。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“AndformyChinesefollowers,IhavemyWeiboaccountaswell”（对于我的中国粉丝们，我也有自己的Weibo账号。）可知，中国听众可以通过Weibo和Lucy联系。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Breakaleg!”小标题下段落中“And“Breakaleg!”means“Goodluck!”Sobeforearace,beforeajobinterview,beforeatest,insteadofsaying“Goodluck!”Imightsay“Breakaleg!””（“Breakaleg!”意思是“Goodluck!”所以，在比赛、面试、考试之前，替代“Goodluck!”我可能会说“Breakaleg(祝你好运)”。）可知，当John要参加英语演讲比赛时，你应该对他说“Breakaleg(祝你好运)”。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Tocallitaday.”小标题下段落中“Andthismeans“toendatask”.”（它的意思是“结束一项任务”。）（句中this代指“Tocallitaday”）可知，当老师说“Let'scallitaday.”时，意思是“（课已结束）下课吧”。故选C项。BDoyoulikerunningenoughtomakeitahabit?TierneyWolfgramdoes;shehasmaderunningalifelongcareerandisn'tstopping.InFebruary,the16-year-oldfromahighschool,US,competedatthe2020USOlympicTrials.Shefinishedthemarathon(42.195km)withatimeof2:42:47astheyoungestcompetitorintheraceandranked76thoutof390runners.However,thecross-country(越野的)seasonwaspostponedtowinterbecauseoftheCOVID-19.Soshejumpedattheopportunitytotrainforanotherrace-theParkwayMarathoninCalifornia.InNovember,WolfgrambroketheWomen'sAmericanJuniormarathonrecordwithhertimeof2:31:49.Theoldrecordwas2:34:32,whichhadstoodsince1984.“I'mcompletelystunned,”saidWolfgram'scoach.“Iknewshewasgoingtobreakit,butshereallyshowedout！”Duringtherun,Wolfgramoncehitawallprettyhard,butsheovercameittofinish.“IguessIcansayIgaveit

4myall,”shetoldRunner'sWorld.“WhenIfinished,allIwasthinkingwasIfeltsuperhappy,”WolfgramsaidThiswasonlyherthirdmarathon.In2018,whenWolfgramwas15yearsold,sheranherfirstmarathonjustbecauseshewantedtoseeifshehadtheabilitytodoit.“IbelievedthatIwouldgetfasterasthedistancesgotlonger...I'mstillgladthatIdidit.”Whenpreparingforthatfirstmarathon,sheranupto120milesperweek.Althoughherparentsdidn'thaveanybackgroundinrunning,theyhelpedWolfgramtrain.Atfirst,herdadwouldtakeheroutinthemorningandrunabout13miles.Thedistancewouldgraduallyincreaseeachday.Ontopofherrunsinthemorning,shewoulddocross-countrypracticeafterschool.NowWolfgramwillconsiderattendingtheOlympicsGamesin2024afterit'sscheduled.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutWolfgramfromParagraph2?A.Shewasthechampionatthe2020USOlympicTrials.B.Sheputoffthecross-countryseasonfortheCOVID-19.C.ShebrokeanOlympicmarathonrecordinNovember.D.ShepreparedfortheParkwayMarathoninCalifornia.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stunned”inparagraph3referto?A.DoubtfulB.Worried.C.Shocked.D.Interested6.WhatinspiredWolfgramtorunherfirstmarathon?A.Herparents'encouragement.B.Herdesiretoproveshecoulddoit.C.Hercoach'ssupportandhelp.D.Herhopetobreakthenationalrecord7.Whichsectionofanewspaperdoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Sports.B.LifestyleC.Culture.D.Opinion【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Wolfgram非常喜欢跑步，并且将它当作一个事业，由于病毒的传播不能参加越野赛，所以选择了马拉松，并且打破了世界纪录。文章还介绍了他第一次参加马拉松的原因以及刻苦训练情况，经过努力，最后考虑参加奥运会的马拉松的故事。展示了她的坚强意志。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Soshejumpedattheopportunitytotrainforanotherrace-theParkwayMarathoninCalifornia.”（于是，她抓住机会为另一场比赛训练——加利福尼亚Parkway马拉松赛）可知，从第二段中我们能够知道，Wolfgram在为加州的Parkway马拉松赛做准备。故选D项。【5题详解】

5词义猜测题。根据文章第三段教练所说的“Iknewshewasgoingtobreakit,butshereallyshowedout！”（我就知道她将会打破记录，但是她真的做到了！）可知，教练的语气是激动的，并且对于Wolfgram打破纪录的行为感到十分震惊。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“In2018,whenWolfgramwas15yearsold,sheranherfirstmarathonjustbecauseshewantedtoseeifshehadtheabilitytodoit.”（在2018年，当Wolfgram15岁的时候，她跑了第一次马拉松仅仅因为她想看看自己是否有能力做这个）可知，她跑第一次的马拉松就是想证明自己能做到。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首句“Doyoulikerunningenoughtomakeitahabit?”以及全文围绕Wolfgram的马拉松职业生涯展开可知，本文的主题和体育运动相关，故这篇文章可能来自报纸的体育部分。故选A项。CCulturecanaffectnotjustlanguageandcustoms,butalsohowpeopleexperiencetheworldonsurprisinglybasiclevels.Researchers,withthehelpofbrainscans,haveuncoveredshockingdifferencesinperception(感知)betweenWesternersandAsians,whattheyseewhentheylookatacitystreet,forexample,orevenhowtheyperceiveasimplelineinasquare,accordingtofindingspublishedinaleadingsciencejournalInwesterncountries,culturemakespeoplethinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体).Whenlookingatscenes,Westernerstendtofocusmoreoncentralobjectsthanontheirsurroundings.EastAsiancultures,howeveremphasizeinter-dependence.WhenEasternerslookatascene,theytendtofocusonsurroundingsaswellastheobject.Usinganexperimentinvolvingtwotasks,DrHeddenaskedsubjectstolookatalinesimplytoestimateitslength,ataskthatisplayedtoAmericanstrengths.Inanother,theyestimatedtheline'slengthrelativetothesizeofasquare,aneasiertaskfortheAsians.Thelevelofbrainactivity,bytrackingbloodflow,wasthenmeasuredbyBrainScanners.Theexperimentfoundthatalthoughtherewasnodifferenceinperformance,andthetaskswereveryeasy,thelevelsofactivityinthesubjects’brainsweredifferent.FortheAmericans,areaslinkedtoattentionlitupmore,whentheyworkedonthetasktheytendedtofindmoredifficult--estimatingtheline'ssizerelativetothesquare.FortheAsians,theattentionareaslitupmoreduringthehardertaskalso--estimatingtheline'slengthwithoutcomparingittothesquare.Thefindingsareareflectionofmorethantenyearsofpreviousexperimentalresearchintoeast-westdifferences

6Inonestudy,forinstance,researchersofferedpeopleachoiceamongfivepens,fourredandonegreen.EasternersweremorelikelytochoosearedpenwhileWesternersweremorelikelytochoosethegreenone.Cultureisnotaffectinghowyouseetheworld,buthowyouchoosetounderstandandinternalize(使内化)it.Butsuchhabitscanbechanged.SomepsychologicalstudiessuggestthatwhenanEasternergoestotheWestorviceversa,habitsofthoughtandperceptionalsobegintochange.Suchresearchgivesuscluesonhowourbrainworksandishopefulforustodevelopprogramstoimproveourmemory,memorytechniquesandenhanceandaccelerateourlearningskills.8.Accordingtothepassage,Chinesepeoplearemostlikelyto_________.A.emphasizeindependentthinkingmoreB.alwaysfocusmoreontheirsurroundingsC.focusonthecontextaswellasobjectD.thinkofWesternersashighlyindependententities9.Weknowfromthepassagethatpeople'sbrainswillbemoreactivewhen_________.AthetaskismucheasierB.thebloodflowistrackedC.peoplebegintochoosecolorsDthetaskismoredifficult10.Whatdothefindingsoftheexperimentsmentionedinthepassageindicate?A.Theyindicatethatculturehasagreatimpactonthewaypeopletalkandbehave.B.TheyshowthatEasternersandWesternershavegreatdifferencesinperceivingtheworldC.Theysuggestthatpeople'shabitsofthoughtandperceptioncanbechangedindifferentcultures.D.TheymakeitclearthatEasternersandWesternerslayemphasisondifferentthings11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.A.EasternersprefercollectivismtoindividualismB.EastAsiancultureslaymoreemphasisonindependenceC.IttookovertenyearstofindouthowtoimproveourbrainpowerD.Americanswillchangetheirhabitsofperceptionwhenthey'reinBritain【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】

7本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现文化差异导致东西方人认知水平的差异。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“EastAsiancultures,howeveremphasizeinter-dependence.WhenEasternerslookatascene,theytendtofocusonsurroundingsaswellastheobject.”（然而，在东方的亚洲，文化强调相互依赖。当东方人看到一个场景时，他们倾向于关注周围环境和物体）可知，中国人可能同样关注物体及其环境，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“FortheAsians,theattentionareaslitupmoreduringthehardertaskalso--estimating”（对于亚洲人来说，在更难完成的任务中，注意力区域也更为活跃）可知，任务越艰巨，人们的大脑会越活跃，故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Inwesterncountries,culturemakespeoplethinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体).Whenlookingatscenes,Westernerstendtofocusmoreoncentralobjectsthanontheirsurroundings.EastAsiancultures,howeveremphasizeinter-dependence.”（在西方国家，文化使人们认为自己是高度独立的实体。西方人在观看场景时，往往更关注中心物体，而不是周围环境。然而，东亚文化强调相互依赖）可推知，文中提到的实验结果表明东西方人在认识世界上有很大的差异，故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inonestudy,forinstance,researchersofferedpeopleachoiceamongfivepens,fourredandonegreen.EasternersweremorelikelytochoosearedpenwhileWesternersweremorelikelytochoosethegreenone.”（例如，在一项研究中，研究人员让人们在五支钢笔中选择一支，四支红色，一支绿色。东方人更倾向于选择红色的笔，而西方人更倾向于选择绿色的笔）可知，此处用四支红色笔象征着集体主义，用一支绿色笔象征着个人主义，由此可知，东方人更喜欢集体主义而不是个人主义，故选A。DArtificialIntelligence(AI)adviceisasinfluentialashumans',butpositivecrowdviewsstilloverpower.Inastudy,researchersfoundthatmachinesthatmakerecommendations-orAIexperts-wereasinfluentialashumanexpertswhentheAIexpertsrecommendedwhichphotousersshouldaddtotheironlinebusinessprofiles.However,bothAIandhumanexpertsfailedtobudgethemiftheirfeedbackwasnegativeandwentagainstpopularviewsamongotherusers,saidS.ShyamSundar,aprofessorofMediaEffects.Becausepeopleareincreasinglyusingsocialmediatolookforfeedback,studiessuggestthatexpertopinionsandthebandwagoneffect(从众效应)maybeimportantfactorsininfluencingdecisions.AccordingtoJinpingWang,adoctoralcandidateinmasscommunicationandfirstauthorofthestudy."Nowadays,weoftenturntoonline

8platformsforopinionsfromotherpeople-likeourpeersandexperts-beforemakingadecision,"saidWang.AIexpertsareoftenlessexpensivethanhumanexpertsandtheycanalsowork24hoursaday,which,Wangsuggests,mightmakethemappealingtoonlinebusinesses.TheresearchersalsofoundthattheAI'sgroupstatus(群体地位)-inthiscase,nationaloriginwaspointedout-didnotseemtoaffectaperson'sacceptanceofitsrecommendation.Amonghumanexperts,however,anexpertfromasimilarnationaloriginwhoofferedanegativeopinionofaphotographtendedtobemoreinfluentialthanahumanexpertfromanunknowncountrywhoofferedasimilarnegativeratingofaphotograph.WhilefindingsthatsuggestgroupstatusmaynotaffectwhetherapersonvaluestheviewofAIexpertssoundlikegoodnews,Sundarsuggeststhatthesameculturalbiases(偏见)mightstillbeatworkinAIexpertsfortheycouldbehiddenintheprogrammingandtrainingdata."Itcanbebothgood-andbad-becauseitalldependsonwhatyoufeedAI,"saidSundar."WhileitisgoodtobelieveinAI'sabilitytotranscend(超越)culturalbiases,wehavetokeepinmindthatifyoutraintheAIonpicturesfromoneculture,theycouldgivemisleadingrecommendationsonpicturesmeantforuseinotherculturalcontexts."12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"budgethem"inparagraph2mean?A.Raisetheirspirits.B.Satisfytheirneeds.C.Changetheirideas.D.Firetheirimagination.13.WhydousersoftenturntoAIexperts?A.AIexpertsaremoreknowledgeable.B.AIexpertsareonhandandcostless.C.AIexpertsarelessinfluencedbyfeelings.D.AIexpertsaresonewastobemoreattractive.14.Whichexpert'snegativeassessmentsisapersonmorelikelytobelieve?A.Anexpertwhohasgreatachievementsinarts.B.Anexpertwithbetterpersonalityandattitude.C.Aforeignexpertwhoisverypopularworldwide.D.Anexpertfromcountrieswithsimilarculturestohis.15.WhatdidSundarmeanbythelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhaveamindoftheirown.B.Peopleshouldbeabletotellgoodfrombad.CPeopleshouldknowAI'shiddenculturalbiases.

9D.PeopleshouldbetrainedhowtouseAIproperly.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。在进行推荐建议时，AI专家和人类专家的影响力一样有效。AI专家由于便捷性、低成本受到广泛欢迎，但我们不应该忘记其中隐藏的文化偏见，这取决于人类如何灌输和训练。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Inastudy,researchersfoundthatmachinesthatmakerecommendations-orAIexperts-wereasinfluentialashumanexpertswhentheAIexpertsrecommendedwhichphotousersshouldaddtotheironlinebusinessprofiles.”（在一项研究中，研究人员发现，当人工智能专家建议哪些照片用户应该添加到他们的在线商业资料中时，提出建议的机器——或人工智能专家——的影响力与人类专家一样大。）及“However...iftheirfeedbackwasnegativeandwentagainstpopularviewsamongotherusers”（但是...如果他们的反馈是负面的，并且与其他用户的流行观点相悖）可推测，当反馈是负面的情况下，人工智能和人类专家都不能做出让步，即改变不了人们的观点。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“AIexpertsareoftenlessexpensivethanhumanexpertsandtheycanalsowork24hoursaday,which,Wangsuggests,mightmakethemappealingtoonlinebusinesses.”（王表示，人工智能专家通常比人类专家更便宜，而且他们可以一天24小时工作，这可能会让他们对在线企业有吸引力。）可知，用户经常寻求AI专家的帮助是因为AI专家便捷并且花费少。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Amonghumanexperts,however,anexpertfromasimilarnationaloriginwhoofferedanegativeopinionofaphotographtendedtobemoreinfluentialthanahumanexpertfromanunknowncountrywhoofferedasimilarnegativeratingofaphotograph.”（然而，在人类专家中，来自相似国家的专家如果对照片给出负面评价，往往比来自未知国家的专家给出相似负面评价的照片更有影响力。）可推测，来自相似文化背景的专家观点更有影响力。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“WhileitisgoodtobelieveinAI'sabilitytotranscendculturalbiases,wehavetokeepinmindthatifyoutraintheAIonpicturesfromoneculture,theycouldgivemisleadingrecommendationsonpicturesmeantforuseinotherculturalcontexts.”（虽然相信人工智能能够超越文化偏见是件好事，但我们必须记住，如果你用一种文化的图片来训练人工智能，它们可能会对其他文化背景下使用的图片给出误导性的建议。）由此判断出，Sundar的意思是人们应该知道人工智能隐藏的文化偏见。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

10根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Foodsafetyisaprobleminallplacesaroundtheworldandpeopleindifferentareasoftheworldpreparefoodsindifferentways.TheWHOreleasedfivesimplerulesforpreparingfoodinasafeway._____16_____Key1:KeepcleanThefirstkeytellsabouttheimportanceofwashing.Peopleshouldwashtheirhandsoften—beforetouchingfood,whiletheyarepreparingfood,andanytimeaftertheygotothetoiletPeopleshouldwashallsurfacesandequipmentusedforpreparingfood.____17____Key2:SeparaterawandcookedPeopleshouldseparateraw,oruncookedfoodfromfoodsthatarealreadycookedandfoodsthatwillnotbecooked.Peopleshouldstorerawmeat,chicken,andfishincontainers,orinseparateareasRawfoodsshouldnottouchpreparedfoods.Key3:Cookcompletely.Peopleshouldcookeggsandmeat,likebirds,seafood,andanimals,especiallycarefully.Thesefoodsmaycarrymoremicro-organismsthanotherfoods.____18____Itisalsoimportantthatpeoplere-heatcookedfoodcompletely.Key4:____19____Whenpeoplearefinishedwitheating,theyshouldkeeptheleftover(吃剩的食物)inarefrigeratorbelow5℃andshouldn'tstoreitfortoolong.Atroomtemperature,about20℃,theamountofmicro-organismscanincreaseveryquickly.Buttemperaturesabove60℃orbelow5℃controlthegrowthofmicro-organisms.____20____Key5:Usesafewaterandrawmaterials.Peopleshouldusesafewaterandchoosefreshfoods.Damagedoroldfoodmaydevelopharmfulchemicalsasitgetsolder.A.Keepfoodatsafetemperatures.B.Eatcookedfoodimmediately,whileitisstillhot.C.Theycalltheserulesthe“FiveKeystoSaferFood.”D.Keepingeverythingcleanhelpspeopletoavoidmicro-organisms.E.Theycannotgrowsoquicklyinaveryhotorverycoldenvironment.F.Peopleshouldalsoprotectcookingareasandfoodfrominsectsandanimals.G.Foodlikesoupmustbeboiledforatleastaminutetomakeitbecookedcompletely.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.A20.E

11【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了食品安全问题是全世界的共同问题，世界上不同区域的人们以不同方式准备食物的。此外，文章介绍了安全食品五大要点：1、保持干净；2、将生的食物和熟的分开；3、煮食物要完全煮熟；4、安全的温度保存食物；5、使用安全的水和原材料。【16题详解】根据上文“TheWHOreleasedfivesimplerulesforpreparingfoodinasafeway. ”（世界卫生组织发布了五条食品安全的原则）可知，句中fivesimplerules和preparingfoodinasafeway分别与C选项的FiveKeys和SaferFood前后相一致，句意连贯。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Peopleshouldwashallsurfacesandequipmentusedforpreparingfood.”（人们应该清洗所有用于制备食品的表面和设备）可知，句中的washallsurfacesandequipment与D项的Keepingeverythingclean意思相一致，且选项D中用toavoidmicro-organisms进一步阐释了需要全面清洁的原因。故选D。【18题详解】根据段落总结Key3:Cookcompletely以及下文“Itisalsoimportantthatpeoplere-heatcookedfoodcompletely.”（人们完全重新加热熟食也是很重要的）可知，本段内容重点是煮熟食物，且由also可知设空处也应在讲需要完全煮熟的食物。选项G中的tomakeitbecookedcompletely刚好与本段主题和前后句意相一致。故选G。【19题详解】根据文章结构可知，Key4是对本段内容的概括性总结，本段重点讲述食物在冰箱保存的合适温度及微生物在不同温度下的生长速度。选项A中的safetemperatures与段落中的 below5℃，about20℃以及temperaturesabove60℃ orbelow5℃相一致，且符合段落主题。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Buttemperaturesabove60℃ orbelow5℃ controlthegrowthofmicro-organisms.”（温度高于60℃或者低于5℃都可控制微生物的生长。）可知，句中的temperaturesabove60℃ orbelow5℃ 和controlthegrowthofmicro-organisms分别与E项的inaveryhotorverycoldenvironment和Theycannotgrowsoquickly相一致，且句意相符。故选E。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45 分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iusedtobeaveryself-centeredperson,butinthepasttwoyearsIhavereallychanged.Ihavestartedtothink

12aboutotherpeople___21___Ithinkaboutmyself.IamhappythatIambecominga___22___person:Ithinkmy___23___startedwhenIwasatPalomarCollege.Atfirst,Ijustwantedtogetmy___24___,andbeleftalone.IthoughtIwassmarterthaneveryoneelse,soIhardlyever___25___toanyoneinmyclasses.Bytheendofmyfirstsemester,Iwasreally___26___.Itseemedasifeveryonebutmehadmadefriendsandwashavingfun.SoItrieda(n)___27___.Istartedaskingpeoplearoundmehowtheyweredoing,andiftheywerehavingtroubleI___28___tohelp.Thatwasreallyabig___29___forme.Bytheendoftheyear,Ihadseveralnewfriends,andtwoof____30____arestillmybestfriendstoday.Abiggercauseofmynew____31____,however,camewhenItookapart-timejobataVistaNursingHome.OneoldladytherewhohadAlzheimersdiseasebecamemy____32____.EverytimeIcameintoherroom,shewasso____33____becauseshethoughtIwasherdaughter.Herrealdaughternever____34____her,soItookherplace.Sheletme____35____.Thatmakingothersfeelgoodmakemefeelgood,too.Whenshedied,Iwas____36____,butIwasverygratefultoher.IthinkIamamuch____37____,persontodaythanIusedtobe,andIhopeIwillnot____38____theseexperiences.Theyhave____39____etocareaboutotherpeoplemorethanaboutmyself.____40____whoIamtoday,andIcouldnotsaythatafewyearsago.21.A.sinceB.beforeC.orD.unless22.A.famousB.simpleC.differentD.skilled23.A.educationB.careerC.tourD.change24.A.balanceB.homeworkC.degreeD.interest25.A.talkedB.wroteC.liedD.reported26.A.carefulB.lonelyC.curiousD.guilty27.A.argumentB.gameC.experimentD.defence28.A.daredB.offeredC.hesitatedD.happened29.A.dreamB.problemC.dutyD.step30.A.usB.whichC.themD.whom31.A.attitudeB.hobbyC.hopeD.luck32.A.friendB.partnerC.guideD.guest33.A.politeB.happyC.strangeD.confident34.A.botheredB.answeredC.visitedD.trusted35.A.explainB.guessC.declareD.see36.A.homelessB.heartbrokenC.bad-temperedD.hopeless

1337.A.quieterB.busierC.betterD.richer38.A.forgetB.faceC.improveD.analyze39.A.forcedB.preferredC.orderedD.taught40.A.missB.likeC.wonderD.expect【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.C25.A26.B27.C28.B29.D30.C31.A32.A33.B34.C35.D36.B37.C38.A39.D40.B【解析】作者讲述了自己从一个自私的人变成现在能为他人着想的人的感受和过程。上大学时一心只想着拿学位而拼搏，结果一个朋友都没有，感到很孤单。后来作者在Vista护理之家，结识了一位改变了她、把她当作女儿的重病缠身的老妇人。老人告诉她：只有别人感到高兴自己才快乐。【21题详解】B考查连词辨析。A.since自从；B.before在……之前；C.or或者；D.unless除非。before在……之前，表示的含义是在考虑自己之前先考虑别人，对应前边的改变自我为中心。故选B。【22题详解】C考查形容词辨析。A.famous著名的；B.simple简单的；C.different不同的；D.skilled有技巧的。句意：做出改变，变成了不同于以前的人。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。A.education教育；B.career事业；C.tour旅行；D.change变化。我想我是在帕洛玛学院的时候开始改变的。改变这个词贯穿全文。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。A.balance平衡；B.homework家庭作业；C.degree级别；D.interest兴趣。上大学的目的，就是为了得学位，所以作者一开始，就只是为了拿学位。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词辨析。A.talked谈论；B.wrote写；C.lied说谎；D.reported报道。talktosb.和某人谈话，由上句IthoughtIwassmarterthaneveryoneelse,可知，作者自恃清高，看不起别人，因而也不与人说话交流。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.careful细心的；B.lonely孤独的；curious好奇的；guilty犯罪的。孤独的，没有朋友，正好对应下文的Itseemedasifeveryonebutmehadmadefriendsandwashavingfun.故选B。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。A.argument争论；B.game运动；C.experiment实验；D.

14defense防御。对应下文开始做的事情。根据下文Istartedaskingpeoplearoundmehowtheyweredoing,andiftheywerehavingtroubleI8tohelp.可知，作者这样做，是一个尝试。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。A.dared敢；B.offered提供；C.hesitated犹豫；D.happened发生。根据前一句iftheywerehavingtrouble可推知，作者是愿意提供帮助的。offertodosth表示主动提出做某件事情，更能体现出想改变的决心。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词辨析。A.dream梦想；B.problem问题；C.duty责任；D.step台阶、步骤。表示一种进步。紧接着，对应下文的具体的进步之处。故选D。【30题详解】考查代词辨析。A.us我们；B.which哪个；C.them他们；D.whom谁，who的宾格。这是一个由and连接的并列句，前后都是一个简单句，后半句中表达“其中有两人”，所以用twoofthem。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。A.attitude态度；B.hobby爱好；C.hope希望；D.luck幸运。由首句可知，作者之前是个self-centeredperson，通过一次经历发生了变化并对比自己的今昔，所以可得出是attitude（态度）的变化。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.friend朋友；B.partner伙伴；C.guide向导；D.guest客人。作者去敬老院做兼职，与老人之间成了朋友。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.polite礼貌；B.happy快乐；C.strange奇怪；D.confident自信。通过空格后面becauseshethoughtIwasherdaughter可推测出oldlady是非常高兴的。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.bothered打扰；B.answered回答；C.visited参观；D.trusted信任。通过文中信息得知oldlady是一个病人，可知她真正的女儿从来都不看望她。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.explain解释；B.guess猜测；C.declare宣称；D.see明白；理解。由后边句子makingothersfeelgoodmakemefeelgood,too可知，老人使作者明白了一个道理。故选D。【36题详解】由句意可知，当她去世时候，“我”非常伤心（heartbroken）。homeless意为“无家可归的”，bad-tempered意为“坏脾气的”，hopeless意为“没有希望的”，均不符合语境。故正确答案为B。

15【37题详解】结合上文可知，“我”以前是一个过于以自我为中心的人，现在“我”懂得了关心别人，因此比起以前，“我”觉得自己变得更好（better）了。quiet意为“安静的”，busy意为“繁忙的”，rich意为“富裕的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.forget忘记；B.face面对；C.improve改进；D.analyze分析。作者通过这次的experience发生了好的变化，可推测作者想记住这次经历，所以选willnotforget,其他均不符合语境。故选A。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.forced强迫；B.preferred更喜欢；C.ordered命令；D.taught教。作者通过这次经历使自己变得更好，所以可推测这次经历“教会”了自己什么。故选D。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.miss想念、错过；B.like喜欢；C.wonder想知道；D.expect期待。通过文章可推测出与之前比较作者更“喜欢”现在的自己，故选B。第Ⅱ卷（选择题共50分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。HaveyoueverwonderedwhereLego(乐高积木)camefrom?Likemanygreatinventions,thestoryisnotjustoneofagreatidea,_____41_____oneofatonofhardworkandperseverance（毅力）.ThestorystartedinDenmark.OleChristiansenwasacarpenter_____42_____wasstrugglingwithhissmallbusiness.Hiswifedied_____43_____(short)afterhisfourthsonwasborn.Hehadtoworkhardtosupporthisfamilyalone.Hestartedmakingwoodtoys,buttheydidn'tsellwell.Hedecidedhistoysneededaname,andhechose_____44_____name"Lego".Unfortunately,severalyearslater,hisworkshop_____45_____(burn)totheground.Soon,hestartedtomakeafewplastictoys.Hegottheideatocreatea“system"oftoysthatwouldbuildupkids'_____46_____(imagine)andcreativity.Hedecidedtostop_____47_____(make)woodtoysandfocusonlyontheconnectedplastictoys.Thenhestartedtobuildmoreandmorekindsof_____48_____(model).Eachonehadtobeofthe_____49_____(high)quality,whichcanbereflectedinLego'smotto—“Onlythebestisgoodenough.”Thankstotheirperseverance,kidscanenjoyLegotoys,movies,amusementparksandclothing.Butnoneofthiswouldhaveexistedatthattimeifthey______50______(giveup)whentimesgothard.

16【答案】41.but42.who/that43.shortly44.the45.wasburned(burnt)46.imagination47.making48.models49.highest50.hadgivenup【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔·克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。【41题详解】考查连词。句意:像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力的结晶。短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，故填but。【42题详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔·克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词carpenter，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortlyafter表示“不久之后；很快”应填副词shortly。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词，此处特指下文"Lego"这个名字，故用定冠词the。【45题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文severalyearslater可知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填wasburned(burnt)。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结构andcreativity可知应填名词imagination。【47题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stopdoingsth.“停止正在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。

17【48题详解】考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文moreandmorekindsof可知应填名词的复数形式models。【49题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highest。【50题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。故填hadgivenup。第四部分写作(共两节,满分35 分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作九文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的的增加、删除、或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ，并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每次错误以及修改仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Aswecansee,somestudentsinourschoolareinpoorhealth,whatdeservesourattention.Itisobviousthatpoorhealthiscloserelatedtobadlivinghabits.Somestudentsstayuplatedoingtheirhomeworkandplayingwiththeirmobilephones.Asresult,theyhavedifficultyconcentratingonourlessonsinclass.Somestudentsdon'thaveabalanceddiet.Theyalwayseatsnacksinsteadofhavinghealthymeal.Besides,somestudentsnevertakeexercise,whichleadtoweightproblems.Itistimetoreflectingonourwayoflife.Let'sdevelopgoodlivinghabitstokeepfit.Byhavingenoughsleep,eatabalanceddietandtakingregularexercise,wecanliveinhealthilyandhappily.【答案】what→whichclose→closelyand→orAs后面加上aour→their

18meal→mealslead→leadsreflecting→reflecteat→eating去掉in【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。分析了学校一些学生身体不好的原因，以及提倡让养成良好的生活习惯来保持健康。【详解】1.考查定语从句连接词。句意：正如我们所看到的，我们学校的一些学生身体不好，这值得我们关注。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故what改为which。2.考查副词。句意：很明显，健康不佳与不良的生活习惯密切相关。修饰形容词related应用副词，且表示“（程度上）紧密地；密切地”应用closely。故close改为closely。3.考查连词。句意：一些学生熬夜做作业或玩手机。根据句意可知表示“或者”应用连词or。故and改为or。4.考查固定短语。句意：因此，他们很难集中精力上课。固定短语asaresult“结果是；因此”。故As后添加a。5.考查物主代词。根据上文theyhavedifficultyconcentratingon可知是指“他们的课程”。故our改为their。6.考查名词的数。句意：他们总是吃零食而不吃健康的食物。meal为可数名词，前面没有冠词应用复数形式。故meal改为meals。7.考查主谓一致。句意：此外，一些学生从不锻炼，这导致了体重问题。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整句话，且为一般现在时，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故lead改为leads。8.考查固定结构。句意：是时候反思我们的生活方式了。固定句式itistimetodosth.“是时候做某事了”后跟不定式，故reflecting改为reflect。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：通过充足的睡眠，均衡的饮食和经常锻炼，我们可以健康快乐地生活。本句中动名词短语做主语，故eat改为eating。10.考查固定用法。live为不及物动词，下文没有宾语，故不需要介词。故去掉in。第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.假定你是中学生李华，得知2022年北京冬奥会组委会正通过ChinaDaily招募志愿者。请根据以下要点，给组委会写一封英文信，提出申请。内容包括：1.写信目的；2.说明个人优势：精通英语，热爱运动，有类似经历；3.希望申请成功。

19注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearSir/Madame,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I'mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua【答案】DearSir/Madame,I'mLiHua,ahighschoolstudentfromBeijing.Interestedinthe2022WinterOlympics,I'mwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerinthegames.IfeelIhavethenecessaryqualificationsandexperienceneededforthevoluntaryjob.Aboveall,I'mafluentEnglishspeakersothatIhavenodifficultycommunicatingwiththevisitors.Besides,keenonsports,I'mquitefamiliarwithdifferenteventsandthelocationsofthevenuesasalocal.Equallyimportantly,Ipreviouslyservedasavolunteerseveraltimes,whichisalsoanadvantageoverothercandidates.Asawarm-heartedandunselfishteenager,IdobelieveIcandothejobwellifI'mgrantedachance.Anyfavorableconsiderationofmyapplicationorapersonalinterviewwouldbeappreciated.I'mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给2022年北京冬奥会写一封英文信，申请成为2022年北京冬奥会的志愿者。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。结构：总分法

20总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.写信目的；2.说明个人优势：精通英语，热爱运动，有类似经历；3.希望申请成功。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）applyto;qualification;voluntaryjob;aboveall;afluentEnglishspeaker;havenodifficultydoingsth.;befamiliarwith;local;serveas;anadvantageover;candidate;unselfish;consideration第三步：连词成句1.Interestedinthe2022WinterOlympics,I'mwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerinthegames.2.IfeelIhavethenecessaryqualificationsandexperienceneededforthevoluntaryjob.3.Aboveall,I'mafluentEnglishspeakersothatIhavenodifficultycommunicatingwiththevisitors.4.Besides,keenonsports,I'mquitefamiliarwithdifferenteventsandthelocationsofthevenuesasalocal.5.Equallyimportantly,Ipreviouslyservedasavolunteerseveraltimes,whichisalsoanadvantageoverothercandidates.6.Asawarm-heartedandunselfishteenager,IdobelieveIcandothejobwellifI'mgrantedachance.7.Anyfavorableconsiderationofmyapplicationorapersonalinterviewwouldbeappreciated.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表并列补充关系：Besides连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1]Aboveall,I'mafluentEnglishspeakersothatIhavenodifficultycommunicatingwiththevisitors.(运用了sothat引导结果状语从句)[高分句型2]Equallyimportantly,Ipreviouslyservedasavolunteerseveraltimes,whichisalsoanadvantageoverothercandidates.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)