天津市第二十五中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末阶段性测试英语（解析版）

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天津市第二十五中学2022-2023学高二年级年第一学期期末阶段性测试英语试卷满分100，考试用时90分钟第一节单项填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Manycountriesaresettinganimalshelters________homelesscatsanddogscanbeprotected.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多国家正在设立动物收容所来保护无家可归的猫狗。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。先行词animalshelters是物，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。故选C。2.Withalotofproblem________,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：有很多问题要解决，新当选的总统正度过一段艰难的时期。本句为with的复合结构，表示动作即将发生，所以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C项。3.AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buthegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.A.surprisinglyB.typicallyC.eventuallyD.carefully【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初罗伯特不让他女儿去潜水，但最终他还是让步了，因为她对自己的潜水技能非常自信。A.surprisingly令人惊讶地；B.typically典型地；C.eventually最后，终于；D.carefully认真地。根据前文“Atfirst”可知，此处与之相对应，C项“最后,终于”符合句意。故选C项。4.Thecityplanstomake50.000bicycles______forrenttoreducepollutionandeasetrafficjams.A.convenientB.suitableC.availableD.accurate【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该市计划提供5万辆自行车供出租，以减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。A.convenient方便的；B.suitable合适的，适当的；C.available可获得的；可用的；D.accurate精确的。根据下文“toreducepollutionandeasetrafficjams”可知，该市计划提供5万辆自行车进行出租，以此来减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。所以设空处应用available，短语availablefor...意为“可用于……的”第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1。故选C项。5.Lisahadtohavehercarrepairedinagaragebecauseit_______seriously.A.damagedB.hadbeendamagedC.wasbeingdamagedD.haddamaged【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：丽莎的车损坏得很严重，她必须把车送到修车厂修理。根据语境，“车损坏”发生在“必须送去修理”之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时，且主语it与谓语动词damage构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。6.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我抬头向上看，注意到一条蛇正在蜿蜒向树上爬来获取它的早餐。分析句子可知，winditsway作宾语补足语，windingitsway与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。7.Thesoccerteamhasbeendoingwellthisseason，sotheywinthechampionship．A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：这个赛季这支球队表现很好，所以他们应该能够赢得冠军。should应该；might也许；would过去常常；could能够；表现好，推测应该获胜，可知,故选A。8.---Howarethingsgoing,Mr.White?---Well,theyhavesetouttodealwiththepresentsituation________theythinkdeservestheirimmediateattention.A.whatB.whereC.WhenD.which【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——事情进展的怎么样，珍妮？——他们已经开始着手处理目前的现状，他们认为这值得引起他们的注意，下文中先行词thepresentsituation为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语，指物，故引导词用which，故选D。9.Myrichexperienceasapassionateandresponsibletranslator_________meforthejobadvertisedonyourwebsite.A.equipsB.qualifiesC.enablesD.allows【答案】B【解析】第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一名富有激情和负责任的翻译的丰富经验使我能够胜任贵公司网站上招聘的职位。A.equips使装备有；B.qualifies使有资格；C.enables使能够；D.allows允许。主语为Myrichexperience，宾语为thejob，二者的关系是“经验使有资格胜任工作”。故选B。10.—I’msorry,butIcan’tgototheget-togethertonight.—________?Itwasyesterdaythatyousaidyouwouldgowithme.A.PardonB.SowhatC.HowcomeD.Whocares【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——对不起，我不能参加今晚的聚会了。——怎么会这样？昨天你还说要和我一起去的。A.Pardon不好意思；B.Sowhat那又怎样；C.Howcome怎么会这样；D.Whocares谁在乎。根据空后的“Itwasyesterdaythatyousaidyouwouldgowithme.(昨天你还说要和我一起去的)”可知，此处用“怎么会这样”，表达惊讶与不解，故选C。11.Tomhadto______theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.A.turninB.turndownC.turnoverD.turnto【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A.turnin上交；B.turndown拒绝；C.turnover移交；D.turnto求助。根据becausehewastoobusy可知，上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。故选B。12.Sam______someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.A.broughtupB.lookedupC.pickedupD.setup【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：萨姆仅仅通过观察别人使用电脑，就偶然学会了一些电脑知识。A.broughtup培养，提出；B.lookedup查字典；C.pickedup捡起，偶然学到；D.setup建立。根据bywatchingothersworkingonit.可知萨姆是偶然学会了一些电脑知识。故选C。13.(2015•湖北)Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou___________thatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.A.inadvanceB.indetailC.intotalD.ingeneral【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。A.inadvance提前；B.indetail详细地；C.inall总共，总计；D.ingeneral第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3大体上，笼统地。根据句意可知，此处用inadvance“提前”符合语境。故选A项。14.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butI______mymind.A.wouldchangeB.waschangingC.hadchangedD.havechanged【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词时态的用法。句意：当我第一次遇到布莱恩的时候，我不喜欢他，但是我（现在）改变了主意。A项wouldchange是过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态；B项waschanging是过去进行时，表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作；C项hadchanged是过去完成时，指动作发生在过去的过去，C项的动作发生在met之前，在这里是不符合逻辑的；D项havechanged是现在完成时，指的是已经发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。根据句意“当我第一次遇到布莱恩的时候，我不喜欢他，但是我（现在）改变了主意”断定，转折连接词but后面的句子强调的是作者现在的看法，即改变了过去的看法“我第一次遇到布莱恩的时候，我不喜欢他”，对现在的影响是“现在喜欢布莱恩了”，故选D项。15.IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,______myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.Where【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我从图书馆借了《福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。______myclassmatesrecommendedtome.是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thebook，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。16.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose________liveswereaffected.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本书从受灾群众的角度讲述了地震的故事。此处those是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作定语，故选B。17.Theworkers________theglassesandmarkedoneachbox“ThisSideUP”.A.carriedB.deliveredC.pressedD.packed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：工人们在包装好眼镜后，每个包装上都标注“此面朝上”。A.carried持有；B.delivered分发；C.prssed按住；D.packed包装。根据markedoneachbox“ThisSide第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4UP”.可知，工人们在包装好眼镜后，每个包装上都标注“此面朝上”。故选D。18.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父亲节将要到了，为了给爸爸买礼物，我已经从银行取了一些钱。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里是说明取钱的目的，因此用动词不定式，作目的状语。故选B。19.Bobiskind,hard-workingandintelligent;______,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.A.asaresultB.inawordC.bythewayD.onthecontrary【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：鲍勃善良、勤劳还聪明；总之，我对他怎么评价都不过分。A.asaresult结果；B.inaword总之；C.bytheway顺便说一下；D.onthecontrary正相反。根据句意，后文是对前文内容的总结，inaword符合句意。故选B。20Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill_____havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.A.eagerlyB.hopefullyC.immediatelyD.gradually【答案】B【解析】【分析】试题分析：考查副词。A.eagerly热切地；B.hopefully充满希望地；C.immediately立刻，马上；D.gradually渐渐地。句意：政府现在正在讨论这个问题。它有望在下个月月末被解决。B项符合语境，故选B。考点：考查副词【详解】考查副词。句意：政府现在正在讨论这个问题。它有望在下个月月末被解决。A.eagerly热切地；B.hopefully充满希望地；C.immediately立刻，马上；D.gradually渐渐地。根据句意，B项符合语境，故选B。第二节完形填空（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，将短文内容补充完整。Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,thechoiceofan____21____shouldbemadeevenbeforechoiceofacurriculum(课程)inhighschool.____22____,mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,____23____becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheirposition.Actually,the“oneperfectjob”doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle____24____.Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans____25____gettingproperhelpfromacompetentoccupationalcounselor(职业顾问)orpsychologist.Knowing____26____abouttheoccupational第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5world,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss____27____.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others____28____toapieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits____29____prestige(声望).Toomanyhigh-schoolstudents-ortheirparentsforthem-choosetheprofessionalfield,____30____boththerelativelysmallpercentage(百分比)ofworkersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal____31____.Theimaginedprestigeofaprofessionis____32____goodreasonforchoosingitaslife’swork.What’sworse,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Sincealargepercentageofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork,the____33____ofyoungpeopleshouldgiveserious____34____tothesefields.Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathewantsoutoflifeandhowhardheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake____35____forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulbeforemakingthefinalchoice.21.A.identificationB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.occupation22.A.TherebyB.HoweverC.ThoughD.Therefore23.A.thoroughlyB.mainlyC.entirelyD.partly24.A.meansB.jobC.wayD.company25.A.withoutB.viaC.withD.through26.A.littleB.moreC.muchD.alot27.A.chanceB.purposeC.basisD.opportunity28.A.applyB.appealC.turnD.stick29.A.imaginedB.inspirationalC.generousD.talented30.A.concerningB.followingC.ignoringD.considering31.A.preferencesB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitions32.A.oneB.anyC.theD.no33.A.majorityB.massC.minorityD.number34.A.proposalB.suggestionC.approvalD.consideration35.A.turnsB.partsC.risksD.choices【答案】21.D22.B23.D24.B25.A26.A27.C28.D29.A30.C31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了选择工作之前要深思熟虑，并且为工作做好充分准备，如何选择一份合适的工作呢？不同的人追求不同的目标。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在理想的情况下，职业的选择应该在高中课程选择之前就做出。A.identification识别；B.accommodation膳宿；C.entertainment娱乐；D.occupation职业。根据上文“Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.(大多数有价值的职业都需要某种专业培训。)”可知，空格处指的是“职业”选择。故选D项。【22题详解】第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于经济和行业的变化，部分是为了提高自己的地位，大多数人在他们的职业生涯中会做出多种职业选择。A.Thereby因此；B.However然而；C.Though尽管；D.Therefore因此。根据下文“mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives(大多数人在他们的职业生涯中会做出多种职业选择)”可知，此处和上文是转折关系，所以用however表转折。故选B项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于经济和行业变化，部分是为了提高自己的地位，大多数人在他们的职业生涯中会做出多种职业选择。A.thoroughly完全地；B.mainly主要地；C.entirely完全地；D.partly部分地。根据下文“andpartlytoimprovetheirposition(部分原因是为了提高他们的地位)”可知，此处说的也是“部分”原因，与下文的partly呼应。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人应该参加广泛而灵活的培训计划，为某一领域的工作做好准备，而不是仅仅为某一份工作做准备。A.means方法；B.job工作；C.way方式；D.company公司、陪伴。根据上文“thatwillpreparethemforafieldofwork(这将为他们的工作做好准备)”可知，此处用job表“工作”与上文呼应。故选B项。【25题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：不幸的是，许多年轻人不得不在没有从称职的职业顾问或心理学家那里得到适当帮助的情况下制定职业规划。A.without没有；B.via经由；C.with随着；D.through穿过。根据上文的“Unfortunately(不幸地)”可知，此处指年轻人“没有”从职业顾问那里得到帮助。故选A项。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们对职业世界知之甚少，也不了解自己，因此他们对自己一生的工作的选择总是碰运气。A.little极少；B.more更多；C.much非常；D.alot许多。分析语境和空格前的knowing可知，此处用副词little修饰动词know表示“几乎不知道、知之甚少”。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对职业世界知之甚少，也不了解自己，因此他们对自己一生的工作的选择总是碰运气。A.chance机会；B.purpose目的；C.basis基础；D.opportunity机会。分析语境，再根据前面的on可知，此处用ona……basis表示“以……为基础”，所以此处用onahit-or-missbasis表示“在随机的基础上、碰运气”。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一些人则坚持从事一项他们不满意、不适合的工作。A.apply申请、运用；B.appeal呼吁、上诉；C.turn扭转；D.stick粘、贴。根据空格前的others和上文“Somedriftfromjobtojob.(有些人从一份工作换到另一份工作)”可知，此处用stickto表示“坚持”从事工作，与上文的“换工作”形成对比。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个常见的错误是，选择一种职业是为了它想象中的声望。A.imagined第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7想象的；B.inspirational鼓舞人心的；C.generous慷慨地；D.talented有才能的。根据上文的“Onecommonmistake(一个常见的错误)”可知，此处要说明一个常见的错误，所以用imagined表示“想象中”的声望，符合语境。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生——或者他们的父母——选择了这个专业领域，忽视了在这个专业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人素质要求。A.concerning有关；B.following跟随；C.ignoring忽略；D.considering考虑。根据上文的“Onecommonmistake(一个常见的错误)”可知，本段介绍的是关于职业选择的一些普遍错误，所以此处用ignoring表示学生或父母“忽略”了一些情况，符合语境。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生——或者他们的父母——选择了这个专业领域，忽视了在这个专业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人素质要求。A.preferences偏爱；B.requirements要求；C.tendencies趋向；D.ambitions雄心。分析语境可知，此处承接上文，指忽视了在这个专业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人素质“要求”，符合语境。故选B项。【32题详解】考查代词和冠词辨析。句意：想象中的职业声望并不是选择它作为终身职业的好理由。A.one一个；B.any任何；C.the这；D.no没有。分析语境可知，本段主要介绍的是关于职业选择的一些错误认识，所以此处指，想象中的声望并不是一个“好理由”。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于很大比例的工作是机械和手工工作，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。A.majority大多数；B.mass一群；C.minority少数；D.number数字。根据上文“Sincealargepercentageofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork(因为很大比例的工作是机械和手工工作)”，所以此处用majorty与后面的of搭配表“大多数”年轻人，且作主语。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于很大比例的工作是机械和手工工作，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。A.proposal建议；B.suggestion建议；C.approval赞同；D.consideration考虑。分析语境可知，此处用短语giveconsiderationto表示应该“考虑”这些领域，符合语境。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人希望安全；另一些人愿意为了经济利益而冒险。A.turns转弯；B.parts部分；C.risks风险；D.choices选择。根据others和上文的“Somewantsecurity(有些人希望安全)”可知，此处表对比的意思，所以用短语takeriskfor表示“为……而冒险”符合语境。故选C项。第三节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分；满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。AThecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoung第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8manwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.Itwasacompletelynewidea-atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.36.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A.DarwinwantedtomakeafortunebytakingthejourneyontheBeagle.B.ThemedicalschooldismissedDarwinbecauseofhisbadbehavior.C.ThecaptainoftheshipwaswillingtohelpDarwintorealizehisdream.D.HisfatherthoughtDarwinfailedtoliveuptothefamily’sexpectation.37.WhatinspiredDarwintolookformoreevidencetosupporthisidea?A.People’scommonbeliefthatallspeciesdidn’tchange.B.Hisrichknowledgeasageologistandnaturalist.C.Noticingthesimilarityofsomespeciesofanimals.D.Thelongandtiresomejourneyinhiscrowdedroom.38.Whatwasthefactorthatledtothediversityofbeaksoffinchesontheislands?A.Differentfoodavailable.B.Commonancestors.C.Changeableweather.D.Habitatsontheislands.39.WhydidmoreandmorepeoplestarttoacceptDarwin’stheory?A.BecauseDarwin’bookdrewpublicattentionandcausedastorm.B.BecauseDarwin’stheoryandevidencewereconvincingenough.第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9C.Becausetheypreferredtheevolutionfromlowerformsoflife.D.Becausetheywereshockedbythisground-breakingtheory.40.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.B.Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.C.Darwinspentyearstouringtheworldtopersuadepeopletoaccepthistheory.D.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumansevolvedovertime.【答案】36.D37.C38.A39.B40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了达尔文在贝格尔号的探索之旅。达尔文在旅途中，发现了各种各样的新物种，他注意到有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似，猜测“也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？”这一猜想激励达尔文去寻求更多证据，并提出了“进化论”这个全新的观点，在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论，彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.（并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。）”可知，他爸爸认为达尔文将会是全家人的耻辱，言外之意，他会辜负家人对他的期望，选项D符合文意，故选D项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.（他注意到，有些不同物种动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。）”可知，达尔文注意到不同物种的动物间的相似性，从而想去寻求更多证据，证明动物是否会为了适应不断变化的环境而逐渐进化。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.（达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。）”可知，导致雀鸟的喙不同的原因是所在岛屿上可觅得的食物不同。故选A项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.（然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。）”可知，是达尔文极有说服力的科学研究，让越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。故选B项。【40题详解】第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10主旨大意题。从全文可知，达尔文在旅途中，发现了各种各样的新物种，他注意到有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似，猜测“也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？”这一猜想激励达尔文去寻求更多证据，并提出了“进化论”这个全新的观点，在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论，彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。A选项“达尔文的贝格尔号之旅激发了他的进化论”与文意相符，故选A项。BSittingbackinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabouttotravelalongtherailwaythatmanyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.ThetrainhasbeenracingalongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong“SkyRailway”hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.Thewords“railwayslikemassivedragonsarewindingamongthemountains”seemparticularlyvividasItravelacrossthe“roofoftheworld”.IwasoneofthepeoplewhocamefromallpartsofChinatoworkonthisrailway.Takingyearstocomplete,theQinghai-TibetRailwayisarecordofallofoureffortstoovercomethemostdifficultengineeringchallenges.Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.ThefirstlandmarktocatchmyeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,theworld’slongestbridgebuiltoverpermafrost.Look!AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,withsomestoppingtoeatgrassattheirleisure.Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailwaytoallowtheanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometersanhour.Topreventdamagetowetlandsandgrasslands,675bridgeswithatotallengthofabout160kilometerswerebuiltbetweenGolmudandLhasa.Weevenmoved140,000squaremetersofwetlandtoanewareainordertoprotectitsdistinctecosystem.Thejourneyhasbeenflyingby,andbeforeIknowit,wehavereachedTanggulaStation.Locatedatover5,000metersabovesealevel,thisisthehighestrailwaystationintheworld.Inlocationssuchasthis,thethinair,changeableweatherandhighlevelsofUVradiationpresentedperhapsthegreatestchallengeforrailwayworkers.Tomakesurewestayedhealthy,severaloxygen-makingstationswereconstructed.Wewerealsoabletoenjoyregularbreaksinlowerareas.AswepassCuonaLake,Ifeelasenseofprideandachievement.Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometerwallalongthelaketoprotectitfromconstructionwaste.CuonaLakeissoclosetotherailwaythatIwanttoreachoutandtouchitspalebluemirror-likesurface.Waterbirdsplayinginthelake,andcattleandsheepwanderingthegrasslandsbringthescenerytolife.TheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasbeenattractingpeople’sadmirationforcenturies.Now,thankstoourefforts,passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.Ittrulyisanextraordinary“SkyRailway”.41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thesong“SkyRailway”wasplayedasbackgroundmusicinthetrain.B.Waysofprotectingthedelicateecosystemweretakenintoconsideration.C.Foreignexpertswerefrightenedtoseedragonsamongthemountains.D.Theauthorkepttherecordofsolvingthetoughestengineeringproblem.42.WhichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11A.withoutinterruptionB.forentertainmentC.intheirfreetimeD.withouthurrying43.Whywasa20-kmwallbuiltaccordingtoParagraph6?A.Becauseitseparatedthehabitatsofbirdsandcattle.B.Becauseittransformedconstructionwasteintosand.C.BecauseitkeptCuonalakefrombeingpolluted.D.BecauseitconnectedCuonalakeandtherailway.44.Whatistheauthorproudofattheendofthepassage?A.Theireffortstobuildtherailwayandprotecttheecosystem.B.Thathehasmadetherailwayextraordinaryfortourists.C.Passengers’admirationfortheQinghai-TibetPlateau.D.ThesplendidlandscapesalongtheSkyRailway.45.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovethathumanscanconquernature.B.ToadvertisethetravelroutealongtheQinghai-TibetRailway.C.Topraisetheworkers’effortsinbuildingtheQinghai-TibetRailway.D.TohighlighttheamountofworkrequiredtobuildtheQinghai-TibetRailway.【答案】41.B42.D43.C44.A45.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过作者的一次沿青藏铁路的旅行，介绍了青藏铁路的设计，建设以及成就。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句“Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.（如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。）”可知，在修建铁路时，保护生态系统的问题被考虑在内，故选择B项。【42题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailwaytoallowtheanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometersanhour.（铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样，野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年，它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。）”可知，由于这种设计，藏羚羊在吃草时，可以不慌不忙，故选择D项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometerwallalongthelaketoprotectitfromconstructionwaste.（我们用成千上万的沙袋沿着湖边建了一堵20公里长的墙，以保护它不受建筑垃圾的污染。）”可知，建立这堵长墙的主要目的是保护措那湖不受污染，故选择C项。第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12【44题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now,thankstoourefforts.passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.（如今，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。）”可知，作者因他们为修建铁路和保护生态系统所做的努力而感到骄傲。故选择A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now,thankstoourefforts.passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.Ittrulyisanextraordinary“SkyRailway”.（如今，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。这真一条了不起的“天路”）”可知，本文主要是在赞美工人们在修建铁路时的辛苦努力，故选择C项。CAlthoughcomputertechnologyisoftennecessarytoday,usingapenorpencilactivatesmoreareasofyourbrainthanakeyboarddoes.Youcanpotentiallyremembermorebyhandwriting,accordingtoanewstudy.Thepotentialbenefitsofhandwritingformemoryhavebeendebatedforsometime.Thenewstudysetouttoansweronequestion:Howdoeshandwritingcomparetousingakeyboardwhenitcomestorememberingnewinformation?Intotal24participantstookpart.Researchersaskedeachofthemtowritewithapenandtheneachwasalsoaskedtotypeonakeyboard.Whileperformingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes(电极)nexttotheirhead.Itlookedsomewhatlikeahairnetfittedwith256sensors.Thosesensorsrecordedtheparticipants’brainwaves.Theelectrodesnotedwhichpartsofthebrainturnedonduringeachtask.Andtheyshowedthatwritingturnedonmemoryareasinthebrainwhiletypingdidn’t.AudreyvanderMeer,thenewstudy’sleader,saysthissuggeststhatwhenwewritebyhand,werememberbetter.“Thisisbecausewritinginvolvescomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivitygivesthebrainmore‘hooks’tohangyourmemorieson.”sheexplains.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthatwritingbyhandisrelatedtovisualnotetaking.“Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnotetakerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbeinterlinkedbyboxes,arrowsandsmalldrawings,”sheadds.Thisstudydoesnotrecommendbanningdigitaldevices.Infact,itsauthorspointout,computersandotherdeviceswithkeyboardshavebecomenecessaryinmodernsociety.Keyboardingcanespeciallybenefitthosewithcertainspecialneeds(suchasiftheyhavetroubleusingtheirhands)andtypingbeatswritingwhenitcomestospeed,theyadd.46.Whywereparticipantsaskedtowearcapsinthestudy?A.Torecordtheirbrainwaves.B.Toinformthemoftheirtasks.C.Toallowthemtofocusonwriting.D.Toprotecttheirheadslikehairnets.47.WhatdoesAudreyvanderMeertrytoexplain?第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13A.Whyhandwritingismorecomplexthantyping.B.Whythebrainworkswhenitcomestolearning.C.Whysmalldrawingsareconnectedtomemory.D.Whykeywordsarehelpfultovisualnotetaking.48.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?A.helpsyoutoremembermoredetails.B.remindsyoutohaveregularreviews.C.tagsyourmemoriesforfurtherrecalling.D.easesyourtensionofmemorizingthings.49.Whatisthestudy’sauthors’viewontyping?A.Itrelievespeople’sbands.B.Itremainsvitalandhelpful.C.Itisnotworthrecommending.D.Itismorechallengingthanwriting.50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowCanYouRememberNewInformation?B.HandwritingBenefitsHealthintheLongRunC.ShouldTypingTakethePlaceofHandwriting?D.HandwritingIsBetterforMemoryThanTyping【答案】46.A47.A48.A49.B50.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新研究表明，手写更有利于记忆，介绍了研究开展的经过，研究的负责人还解释了为什么手写比打字复杂以及研究的作者对使用键盘的看法。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whileperformingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes（电极）nexttotheirhead.Itlookedsomewhatlikeahairnetfittedwith256sensors.Thosesensorsrecordedtheparticipants’brainwaves.(在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者都戴着一顶帽子，帽子上把电极放在他们的头上。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网。这些传感器记录了参与者的脑电波。)”可知，参与者被要求在研究中戴帽子是为了记录他们的脑电波。故选A。47题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AudreyvanderMeer,thenewstudy’sleader,saysthissuggeststhatwhenwewritebyhand,werememberbetter.“Thisisbecausewritinginvolvescomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivitygivesthebrainmore‘hooks’tohangyourmemorieson.”sheexplains.(这项新研究的负责人奥德丽·范德米尔(AudreyvanderMeer)说，“这表明当我们用手写字时，我们的记忆力更好。这是因为书写涉及复杂的运动，可以激活大脑的更多区域。大脑活动的增加会让大脑有更多的“钩子”来勾住你的记忆。”她解释说。)”可知，AudreyvanderMeer试图解释为什么手写比打字复杂。故选A。【48题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“whenwewritebyhand,werememberbetter(当我们用手写字时，我们记得更好)”和“Thisisbecausewritinginvolvescomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain(这是因为写作涉及复杂的运动，可以激活大脑的更多区域)”可知，划线部分所在的句子表示“大脑活动的增加会让大脑有更多的“钩子”来勾住你的记忆”，也就是帮助你记住更多的东西，因此划线部分的意思是“帮助你记住更多的细节”，即helpsyoutoremembermoredetails，故选A。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Infact,itsauthorspointout,computersandotherdeviceswithkeyboardshave第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14becomenecessaryinmodernsociety.Keyboardingcanespeciallybenefitthosewithcertainspecialneeds（suchasiftheyhavetroubleusingtheirhands）andtypingbeatswritingwhenitcomestospeed,theyadd.(事实上，作者指出，电脑和其他有键盘的设备已经成为现代社会的必需品。他们补充说，键盘对那些有特殊需求的人(比如他们的手使用有困难)尤其有好处，在速度方面，打字比写作更有优势。)”可知，该研究的作者认为打字仍然是至关重要和有益的。故选B。【50题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Althoughcomputertechnologyisoftennecessarytoday,usingapenorpencilactivatesmoreareasofyourbrainthanakeyboarddoes.Youcanpotentiallyremembermorebyhandwriting,accordingtoanewstudy.(虽然计算机技术在今天是必不可少的，但使用钢笔或铅笔比使用键盘更能激活大脑的某些区域。根据一项新的研究，你可能通过书写来记住更多的东西。)”可知，文章主要说明了一项新研究表明，手写更有利于记忆，介绍了研究开展的经过，研究的负责人还解释了为什么手写比打字复杂以及研究的作者对使用键盘的看法。可知，D选项“HandwritingIsBetterforMemoryThanTyping(书写比打字更利于记忆)”最符合文章标题。故选D。DIt’spossiblethatinterstellar(星际的)spaceexplorersarrivingonanotherplanetcomeacrossproblemscommunicatingwithpreviousandsubsequentarrivals,astheirspokenlanguagehaschangedinisolationalongtheway.Regardingtheissue,twoAmericanscholars,AndrewMcKenzieandJeffreyPunske,co-authoredthearticle“LanguageDevelopmentDuringInterstellarTravel”.Whathasbeendiscussedinthearticleistheconceptoflanguagechangeovertime.Theywrotethatgivenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones.Inarecentinterview,McKenzieexplainedit.“Ifyou’reonaspaceshipfor10generations,newconceptswillemerge,newsocialissueswillcomeup,andpeoplewillcreatewaysoftalkingaboutthem,”McKenziesaid,“andthesewillbecomethevocabularyparticulartothespaceship.PeopleonEarthmightneverknowaboutthesewords,unlessthere’sareasontotellthem.Andthefurtherawayyouget,thelessyou’regoingtotalktopeoplebackhome.”“SoifwehaveEarthEnglishandspaceshipEnglish,andtheybecomedifferentovertheyears,youwillhavetolearnalittleEarthEnglishtosendmessagesbackortoreadtheinstructionmanualsandinformationthatcomewiththespaceship.”“Also,keepinmindthatthelanguagebackonEarthisgoingtochange,too,duringthattime.Sotheymaywellbecommunicatinglikewe’dbeusingLatin—communicatingwiththisversionofthelanguagenobodyuses.”McKenzieandPunskealsopointedoutthatanadaptationintheformofsignlanguagewillbeneededforusewithandamongthoseworkingonthespaceshipwho,geneticstellsus,aresuretobeborndeaf.TherewillbeaneedforaninformedlinguisticpolicyonboardthatcanbemaintainedwithoutreferringbacktoEarth-basedregulations.Theauthorsconcludedthatifastudyofthelinguisticchangesaboardaspaceshipcouldbeperformed,itwould“addtoitsscientificvalue”.51.WhatisMcKenzieandPunske’sarticlemainlyabout?第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15A.Thenewgrammaticalformsappearinginouterspace.B.Theeffectivewaytocommunicateinisolatedplanets.C.Thechallengebroughtbylanguageevolutionduringspacetravel.D.Theproblemofcommunicationbetweenformerandfuturespacetravelers.52.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inParagraph4referto?A.Tengenerations.B.PeopleonEarth.C.Newgrammaticalforms.D.Descriptionsofnewconceptsandsocialissues.53.WhatmightmadethecommunicationpossiblebetweenpeopleonEarthandspacetravelers?A.Creatingnewgrammaticalforms.B.MasteringbasicvocabularyinLatin.C.Makingadaptionstotheirownlanguages.D.Readingthespaceshipinstructionmanuals.54.Accordingtothetext,whatdotheresearchersexpecttostudyinthefuture?A.Howlanguagechangesonboard.B.Howsignlanguageistranslatedinspacetravel.C.Whetherlanguagewouldchangeastheypredict.D.Whetheralinguisticpolicyinouterspaceisnecessary.55.Whatisthetitleforthepassage?A.FutureLinguisticIssuesinSpaceB.TwoAmericanScholarsC.ARecentInterviewwithMcKenzieD.ExploringInterstellarSpace【答案】51.C52.C53.C54.A55.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有可能从一个星际抵达另一个星球的太空探险者在与之前和之后抵达那星球的人交流时遇到了问题，因为他们的口语在一路上孤立地发生了变化。【51题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Regardingtheissue,twoAmericanscholars,AndrewMcKenzieandJeffreyPunske,co-authoredthearticle‘LanguageDevelopmentDuringInterstellarTravel’.Whathasbeendiscussedinthearticleistheconceptoflanguagechangeovertime.Theywrotethatgivenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones.(关于这个问题，两位美国学者AndrewMcKenzie和JeffreyPunske共同撰写了《星际旅行中的语言发展》一文。本文讨论的是语言随时间变化的概念。他们写道，如果有更多的时间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的语法形式)”可知，他们的文章主要讲的是星际旅行中的语言发展进化。故选C项。【52题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第四段““Ifyou’reonaspaceshipfor10generations,newconceptswillemerge,new第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16socialissueswillcomeup,andpeoplewillcreatewaysoftalkingaboutthem,”McKenziesaid,“andthesewillbecomethevocabularyparticulartothespaceship.PeopleonEarthmightneverknowaboutthesewords,unlessthere’sareasontotellthem.Andthefurtherawayyouget,thelessyou’regoingtotalktopeoplebackhome.”(“如果你在宇宙飞船上待了10代人，新的概念会出现，新的社会问题会出现，人们会创造谈论它们的方式，”McKenzie说，“这些将成为太空船特有的词汇。除非有理由告诉他们，否则地球上的人可能永远不会知道这些词。而且你走得越远，你就越不愿意和家里的人说话。”)”可知，these应代指前面说的人们会创造谈论它们的方式即新的语法形式。故选C项。【53题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“McKenzieandPunskealsopointedoutthatanadaptationintheformofsignlanguagewillbeneededforusewithandamongthoseworkingonthespaceshipwho,geneticstellsus,aresuretobeborndeaf.(McKenzie和Punske还指出，需要以手语的形式进行适应，以便与太空船上的工作人员一起使用，遗传学告诉我们，这些人天生就是聋子)”可知，对自己语言（特别是手语）的适应能让地球人和太空旅行者交流。故选C项。【54题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Theauthorsconcludedthatifastudyofthelinguisticchangesaboardaspaceshipcouldbeperformed,itwould“addtoitsscientificvalue”.(作者得出结论，如果能够对飞船上的语言变化进行研究，将“增加其科学价值”)”可推知，研究者期待后期研究在飞船上语言是怎么变化的。故选A项。【55题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“It’spossiblethatinterstellar(星际的)spaceexplorersarrivingonanotherplanetcomeacrossproblemscommunicatingwithpreviousandsubsequentarrivals,astheirspokenlanguagehaschangedinisolationalongtheway.(到达另一个星球的星际空间探险者可能会遇到与之前和之后到达的人沟通的问题，因为他们的口语在这一过程中发生了孤立的变化)”以及后文可知，文章主要讲未来太空旅行可能出现的语言交流问题。由此可知，A项FutureLinguisticIssuesinSpace(未来空间语言问题)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司