2023年高考英语复习讲练测第15讲 阅读理解七选五（练）（全国通用）（解析版）

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第15讲阅读理解七选五（练）AWhyDoWeFindItHardtoSay“No”?Asweallknow,saying“no”toothersisnoteasyatall.Butsometimeswehavetolearntosay“no”.____1____Belowarecommonreasonswhypeoplefindithardtosay“no”:●_____2_____Youareakindsoulatheart.Youdon’twanttoturnthepersonawayandyouwanttohelpwhenpossible,evenifitmayeatintoyourtime.●Afraidofbeingrude.Iwasbroughtupundertheideathatsaying“no”,especiallytopeoplewhoareolder,isrude.ThisthinkingiscommoninAsianculture,wherefacesavingisimportant._____3_____●Wantingtobeagreeable.Youdon’twanttoalienate(疏远)yourselffromthegroupbecauseyou’renotinagreement.Soyouagreetoothers’requests.●Fearofconflict._____4_____Thismightleadtoanuglyconfrontation(面对).Evenifthereisn’t,theremightbedisagreementwhichmightleadtobadeffectsinthefuture.●_____5_____Perhapsyouareworriedsaying“no”meansclosingdoors.Forexample,oneofmyfriends’wiveswasaskedtoworkinanotherdepartmentinhercompany.Sinceshelikedherteam,shedidn’twanttogo.However,shedidn’twanttosay“no”asshefeltitwouldaffectherpromotionchancesinthefuture.A．Wantingtohelpothers.B．Fearoflosingchances.C．Wantingtokeepagoodrelationship.D．IslowlyrealizedIneededtolearntosay“no”.E．Youareafraidthepersonmightbeangryifyourefusehim/her.F．Itmeansnotmakingotherslookbadorloseface.G．Tolearntosay“no”,wehavetofirstunderstandwhat’sstoppingusfromit.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们说“不”很困难的几点原因。1．G【解析】根据上文“Asweallknow,saying‘no’toothersisnoteasyatall.Butsometimeswehavetolearntosay‘no’.(我们都知道，对别人说‘不’并不容易。但有时我们必须学会说‘不’)”以及后文“Belowarecommonreasonswhypeoplefindithardtosay“no”(以下是人们很难说‘不’的常见原因)”可知，本句是在提出为什么说“不”很困难的问题，后文开始解释原因。故G选项“要学会说‘不’，我们首先要明白是什么阻止了我们这么做”符合语境，故选G。2．A【解析】根据后文“Youareakindsoulatheart.Youdon’twanttoturnthepersonawayandyouwanttohelpwhenpossible,evenifitmayeatintoyourtime.(你是一个心地善良的人。你不想拒绝这个人，你想在可能的时候帮助他，即使这会占用你的时间)”可知，本段说明的原因是因为想要帮助别人，而无法拒绝别人。故A选项“想要帮助别人”符合语境，故选A。3．F【解析】根据上文“●Afraidofbeingrude.Iwasbroughtupundertheideathatsaying‘no’,especiallytopeoplewhoareolder,isrude.ThisthinkingiscommoninAsianculture,wherefacesavingisimportant.(学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1●害怕没礼貌。我从小就认为说‘不’，尤其是对年长的人说‘不’是不礼貌的。这种想法在亚洲文化中很常见，在亚洲，面子是很重要的)”可知，上文提到亚洲人要面子，本句进行解释说明：不要让别人难堪或丢脸。故F选项“意思是不要让别人难堪或丢脸”符合语境，故选F。4．E【解析】根据后文“Thismightleadtoanuglyconfrontation.Evenifthereisn’t,theremightbedisagreementwhichmightleadtobadeffectsinthefuture.(这可能会导致一场丑陋的对抗。即使没有，也可能会有分歧，这可能会导致在未来不好的影响)”可知，本句是在说明拒绝别人可能会让别人生气，从而导致冲突和分歧，故E选项“你害怕如果你拒绝他/她，他/她可能会生气”符合语境，故选E。5．B【解析】根据后文“Perhapsyouareworriedsaying‘no’meansclosingdoors.Forexample,oneofmyfriends’wiveswasaskedtoworkinanotherdepartmentinhercompany.Sinceshelikedherteam,shedidn’twanttogo.However,shedidn’twanttosay“no”asshefeltitwouldaffectherpromotionchancesinthefuture.(也许你担心说‘不’意味着关上大门。例如，我一个朋友的妻子被要求在她公司的另一个部门工作。因为她喜欢她的团队，所以她不想去。然而，她不想说‘不’，因为她觉得这会影响她未来的晋升机会)”可知，后文的例子表明说不的原因是因为害怕失去机会，故B选项“害怕失去机会”符合语境，故选B。BHowNottoBeAwkwardNotallofusareoutgoingandreadytotaketheworldbystorm.Manyamongusareshyandmayevenfeelkeptapartfromothers.Thisusuallyhappenswhenapersonisstillinhisorherteenyearsandgoingthroughthesocializationprocess.____6____Let’strytofindanswerstothequestions.StayinshapeanddressupwellSometimes,awkwardnesscouldbeduetobeingoverweight.Whenyouarelargeinsize,youtendtogetveryself-consciousSo,inordertoavoidthis,getintothehabitofexercisingeveryday____7____Ifyoulookasifyouhavejuststeppedoutofa1980’sfilmwhenactuallyitis2011,thereisnodoubtthatyouareboundtofeelawkwardaboutyourself.BeoptimisticAnothereffectivetiponhownottofeelawkwardistoalwayskeepasmileonyourface.____8____Ontheotherhand,asmiling,happyandpositivethinkpersonisappreciatedbyeverybodySo,smilewhenyoumeetacquaintancesorevenstrangers,sayacheerful“Hi”andautomaticallysomeofyourawkwardnesswilldisappearcompletely!____9____Thisonereallyhelps.Awkwardnessgenerallydevelopswhenapersonremainsisolatedfromothers.So,inordertochangethissituation,joingroupsForinstance,ifyouareareadinglover,joinabookclub.Joiningpeopleinbookreadingsessionsaswellasdebateswillhelpremoveyourawkwardness.Chooseanyactivityofyourchoice,suchasplayingteamsportsorjoiningadanceclass,andsoonyouwillfindyourcomfortlevelaroundpeopleincreasingdaybyday!DevelopyourpersonalityBeingabook-wormoranInternetaddictwillnotgetyouanywhere.Forself-improvement,takeupahobbythataddsmeaningtoyourlife.Learnsingingortryadventuresports.____10____A．ParticipateinTeamActivities.B．Learnhowtoendaconversation.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2C．Secondly,haveappropriateclotheson.D．Ifyoulooksad,nobodywillactuallylikebeingwithyou.E．Somethingassimpleaslisteningtomusicwilldowonderstoo.F．So,whatcanapersondotoovercomethistendencytobeawkward?G．Awkwardnesscouldbebecauseyoudonothaveanythingincommontotalkabout.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们描述了怎样使自己不笨拙不尴尬，并提出了几点建议，如保持体形注意穿着、乐观、参加团体活动、发展个性等。6．F【解析】标题“HowNottoBeAwkward”（如何不尴尬）和文章第一段“Manyamongusareshyandmayevenfeelkeptapartfromothers.”（我们当中的许多人都很害羞，甚至可能感到与他人隔绝。）可知很多人会害羞的心理，这个是引起标题所说的尴尬的原因。下文说到“Let’strytofindanswerstothequestions.”（让我们试着找到问题的答案）标题和上文提到很多人有害羞的心理，会引起尴尬，下文引出解决问题的方法，可推知空处讲述的是如何克服这种尴尬的倾向。故选F项。7．C【解析】根据本段标题“Stayinshapeanddressupwell”（保持身材，好好打扮）可知需要保持体形，并穿着打扮好。根据下文“Ifyoulookasifyouhavejuststeppedoutofa1980’sfilmwhenactuallyitis2011,thereisnodoubtthatyouareboundtofeelawkwardaboutyourself.”(如果你看起来像是刚从1980年代的电影中走出来，而实际上是2011年，那么毫无疑问，你一定会对自己感到尴尬。)可知下文在谈不符合年代的穿着是多么尴尬。可推知，空处讲的是要穿合适的衣服，承上启下。故选C项。8．D【解析】根据标题“Beoptimistic”（要乐观）可知本段中心思想就是要求我们要有乐观的心态。本段最后一句是“asmiling，happyandpositivethinkpersonisappreciatedbyeverybody.”（一个面带微笑，开心并积极思考的人会受到每个人的喜欢）可推知如果总是不开心，不乐观面对一切，没有人会喜欢你。选D项。9．A【解析】根据第四段“Thisonereallyhelps.Awkwardnessgenerallydevelopswhenapersonremainsisolatedfromothers.So,inordertochangethissituation,joingroupsForinstance,ifyouareareadinglover,joinabookclub.Joiningpeopleinbookreadingsessionsaswellasdebateswillhelpremoveyourawkwardness.Chooseanyactivityofyourchoice,suchasplayingteamsportsorjoiningadanceclass,andsoonyouwillfindyourcomfortlevelaroundpeopleincreasingdaybyday!”（这个真的很有帮助。当一个人与他人保持孤立时，通常会产生尴尬。所以，为了改变这种情况，加入团体例如，如果你是一个阅读爱好者，加入一个读书俱乐部。与人们一起参加读书会和辩论会有助于消除你的尴尬。选择您选择的任何活动，例如参加团队运动或参加舞蹈课，很快您就会发现自己与人相处的舒适度与日俱增！）可知本段主要呼吁人们要参加团队活动。故选A项。10．E【解析】根据本段第二句“Forself-improvement，takeupahobbythataddsmeaningtoyourlife.”（为了自我提升，培养一个为你的生活增添意义的爱好）可知为了提高自己，要开始一个爱好，这个爱好可以给你的生活带来很大的意义。空处前面内容“Learnsingingortryadventuresports”（学习唱歌或尝试冒险运动）与E选项表达“有时候简单如听音乐这样的事情也会带来奇迹”属于并列的同类型的例子。故选E项。CMoreandmorepeopleareturningtoaplant-basedlifestyle.___11___.Ithasbeenshowntohelpimproveoverallhealth,preventdiseases,andincreasewell-beingandhappiness.Herearetwotipsonhowtogradually学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3moveintoplant-basedliving.EaseYourselfIntoIt___12___.Thisisn’tnecessaryandit’stoohard—it’sbecausethey’renotgivingtheirbodytimetoeaseintoit.Ifyou’vebeeneatingmeatdaily(oralmostdaily)formostofyourlife,thenyourbody’sgoingtobeabitconfusedwhenit’ssuddenlynotgettingitsregularfixofmeat.Thebestwayistograduallyreducemeatfromyourdiet.Ifyoueatmeat3mealsaday,dropitdownto2mealsforacoupleofweeks.___13___.Afterthat,youcanalternate(交替)between“meatdays”and“non-meatdays”,untilyou’recomfortablegoinglongstretcheswithouteatingmeat.MakeSureYou’reGettingYourNutrients(营养)Ifyou’regoingtobeplant-based,youhavetodomuchwork.Thatmeansfiguringouthowtodevelopmealplansthatallowyoutogetyourdailydosesofproteins,fats,vitaminsandminerals.Youcan’tjustswitchtoeatinggreensaladsfor3mealsadayandexpecttofeelgood,becauseyouwon’t.You’llneedtostarteatingavarieddiet.Wholegrains,likebeansandlegumes,aswellassoyfoods,canhelpyougetyourdailyrequirementsforprotein.___14___That’sreallyallyouneedtoknow:makesurethatyou’retakingiteasyandgivingyourbodytimetoadapt,andmakesurethatyou’regettingnecessarynutrients.___15___,you’llbeabletoenjoyplant-basedlivinginnotime.A．OnceyouhaveaclearideaB．Aslongasyou’redoingthesetwothingsC．ThesetwonutrientsaredifficulttogetfromplantsD．Next,bringitdowntoamealadayforafewweeksE．HealthyfatscancomefromthingslikeoliveoilandpeanutsF．Thebenefitsofaplant-basedlifestyleareseeminglyendlessG．Alotofpeoplefailbecausetheymovestraightupintoaplant-basedlifestyle【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的人开始转向以植物为基础的生活方式。短文介绍了关于如何逐步进入以植物为基础的生活方式的两个建议。11．F【解析】根据下文“Ithasbeenshowntohelpimproveoverallhealth,preventdiseases,andincreasewell-beingandhappiness.”（它已被证明有助于改善整体健康，预防疾病，增加福祉和幸福。）可知，选项承接下文说明以植物为基础的生活方式的好处有很多。故F选项“以植物为基础的生活方式的好处似乎无穷无尽”切题。故选F项。12．G【解析】根据标题“EaseYourselfIntoIt”（慢慢地融入其中）和下文“Thisisn’tnecessaryandit’stoohard—it’sbecausethey’renotgivingtheirbodytimetoeaseintoit.”（这是没有必要的，而且太难了——这是因为他们没有给自己的身体时间来适应。）可知，要慢慢地融入以植物为基础的生活方式，下文在解释上文人们未能进入以植物为基础的生活方式的原因。故G选项“很多人失败是因为他们直接进入了以植物为基础的生活方式”切题。故选G项。13．D【解析】根据上文“Ifyoueatmeat3mealsaday,dropitdownto2mealsforacoupleof学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4weeks.”（如果你一天吃三顿饭，在接下来的几个星期里减少到两顿。）可知，选项承接上文，说明饭顿数的减少情况。故D选项“接下来，把它减少到每天一顿饭，持续几个星期”切题。故选D项。14．E【解析】根据上文“Wholegrains,likebeansandlegumes,aswellassoyfoods,canhelpyougetyourdailyrequirementsforprotein.”（全谷物，如豆类和豆科作物，以及大豆食品，可以帮助你获得每日所需的蛋白质。）可知，选项与上文的“蛋白质的来源”为并列关系，说明健康脂肪的来源。故E选项“健康的脂肪可以来自橄榄油和花生”切题。故选E项。15．B【解析】根据上文“That’sreallyallyouneedtoknow:makesurethatyou’retakingiteasyandgivingyourbodytimetoadapt,andmakesurethatyou’regettingnecessarynutrients.”（这就是你需要知道的全部：确保你放松，给你的身体时间适应，并确保你获得必要的营养）以及下文“you’llbeabletoenjoyplant-basedlivinginnotime”（你很快就能享受以植物为基础的生活方式）可知，选项承上启下，说明只有做了这两件事，才到享受以植物为基础的生活方式。与下文为条件关系。故B选项“只要你做了这两件事”切题。故选B项。DWe’reluckytoliveinanagewhenthesumtotalofhumanknowledgeisprettyavailableattheclickofabutton.We’veneverhadaccesstosomuchinformation.____16____.Sohereareafewstrategiestosharpedyourcriticalthinking.Bewareofconfirmationprejudice.____17____.Inrepeatedexperiments,psychologistshaveshownwe’remuchmorelikelytoacceptsomethingasevidenceifitconfirmswhatwealreadythinkweknow.Andwe’remuchmorelikelytodiscountinformationifitcontradictsourviews,whichwillaffectourabilitytoprocessinformation.Acknowledgesmalldifference.Inlife,mostsituationsaredifferentandcomplicated.Acknowledgethatcanenrichthewaythatweviewtheworld.Forexample,whatcolouristhesky?Well,theobviousanswerisblue.Butatsunriseorsunset,itcanbered.Onacoldmistymorning,whiteorgrey.____18____.Practiseintellectualhumility(谦逊).Oneapproachto,well,arguing,istoletgooftheideaofbeing“right”.Oratleastseriouslyconsiderthatyoumightactuallybewrong.____19____.Reallytrytounderstandwheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Arguingisjusttowastesomebody’stime.____20____.It’smoreimportantthanevertoknowwhereyourinformationiscomingfrom.Engagingincriticalthinkingisn’tasfunaspickingupapitchfork,orfeelinglikeyou’refundamentallyright.Butinthelongrun,itleadstoamorecurious,educatedandharmonioussociety.whichisthebiggestwinofall.A．AvoidmistakesB．CheckyoursourcesC．Weallenjoyfeelinglikewe’rerightD．SopayattentiontodifferencesinmanysituationsE．Butnotallofwhat’soutthereisquitewhatitseemsF．Sodon’trushtodecide,andbeactivelypreparedtochangeyourmindG．Puttingyourselfintheotherperson’sshoescanleadtomuchmoreproductiveoutcomes【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了增强批判性思维的几个策略。16．E【解析】上文“We’reluckytoliveinanagewhenthesumtotalofhumanknowledgeisprettyavailableattheclickofa学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5button.(我们很幸运地生活在一个只需点击一个按钮就可以获得人类知识总量的时代)”说明我们生活在一个信息量大而且信息获取非常容易的社会，以及下文“Sohereareafewstrategiestosharpedyourcriticalthinking.(因此，这里有一些策略可以提高你的批判性思维)”说明要采取策略提高批判性思维，E项“但并不是所有东西都和表面看起来一样”与上文构成转折关系，承接下文，符合题意。故选E。17．C【解析】上文“Bewareofconfirmationprejudice.(谨防确认偏见)”说明要防止偏见，以及下文“Inrepeatedexperiments,psychologistshaveshownwe’remuchmorelikelytoacceptsomethingasevidenceifitconfirmswhatwealreadythinkweknow.(在重复的实验中，心理学家表明，如果某件事证实了我们已经知道的东西，我们就更有可能接受它作为证据)”说明对于已经知道的东西，我们就更可能接受它是对的，C项“我们都喜欢感觉自己是对的”引出下文，符合题意。故选C。18．D【解析】上文“Acknowledgesmalldifference.Inlife,mostsituationsaredifferentandcomplicated.Acknowledgethatcanenrichthewaythatweviewtheworld.(承认微小差异。在生活中，大多数情况都是不同和复杂的。承认这些可以丰富我们看待世界的方式)”说明要承认差异，D项中differences是关键词，D项“因此，请注意许多情况下的差异”承接上文，符合题意。故选D。19．G【解析】下文“Reallytrytounderstandwheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.(真正试着去理解其他人的想法)”说明要站在其他人的角度思考问题，G项中Puttingyourselfintheotherperson’sshoes表示“设身处地为他人着想”，G项“设身处地为他人着想可以带来更富有成效的结果”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。20．B【解析】下文“It’smoreimportantthanevertoknowwhereyourinformationiscomingfrom.(知道你的信息来自哪里比以往任何时候都重要。)”说明知道信息的来源是很重要的，B项“核实你的信息来源”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。EEverwonderwhyyougetalongbetterwithsomepeopleoverothers?Orwhomightbecomeyourlifelongfriendsorromanticpartners?____21____.ThesunnypersonEverheardofthesayingthatyouareamixofyourfiveclosestfriends?Whenyousurroundyourselfwithsweetandcaringpeople,youalsocatchtheirpositiveenergy.____22____.Justasresearchshows,positivethinkingcanincreaseyourlifespan,strengthenyourimmunesystemandreduceyourriskofdevelopingheartdiseases.TheadventureseekerWhat’slifewithoutalittleadventure?____23____;togetheryoucanstartjourneysthatchangeyourlifeforever.Notonlydoesbeingadventurousreduceyourlevelsofanxietyanddepression,butitcanalsomakeyoumoreintelligent.Inaddition,thenewcultures,environmentsandexperiencescancauseyourbrainstothinkdifferently.ThenaturalpsychologistWhenyou’rehavingabadday,it’sgoodtohavesomeonewhounderstandsyou.Goodlistenersmakethebestfriendsbecausetheyhavehighemotionalintelligence,readyouwellandprovideauthenticity（真诚）.Oftenthesenaturalpsychologistswouldliketoaskyousomequestionsthathelpyouthinkaboutyourproblems.____24____.____25____Whenyousurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhovaluelogicandproblem-solving,theycanencourageyouto学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6usecriticalthinkinginsteadofjusttrappingyourselfinconflicts.Ifyou’reespeciallythetypeofpersontodependonotherstomakeyoufeelbetter,beingaroundlogicianscanhelpyoubecomemoreindependentandpractical.Theywillremindyouthatworkingthroughchallengesismorerewardingthanpassivelydaydreaming.A．TheenthusiasticlogicianB．ThemanofactionC．Insteadoftellingyouwhattodo,theywouldratherguideyoutopotentialsolutionsD．BefriendsomeonewhoisreadytostepoutofhiscomfortzoneandtravelaroundE．PeoplewhoarepositiveandoptimisticcanactuallybenefityourhealthF．AnyhowatleastherearefourtypesofpeopleworthkeepinginyourlifeG．Justlikerarepreciousstones,goodpartnerscanbehardtofind【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人生值得交的4种朋友。21．F【解析】上文“Everwonderwhyyougetalongbetterwithsomepeopleoverothers?Orwhomightbecomeyourlifelongfriendsorromanticpartners?(有没有想过为什么你和一些人相处得更好？或者谁会成为你一生的朋友或恋人？)”提出问题：谁会成为你一生的朋友或恋人。该句有承上启下的功能。F项“Anyhowatleastherearefourtypesofpeopleworthkeepinginyourlife(无论如何，至少有四种类型的人值得留在你的生活中)”由Anyhow承接上文并引入文章即将要叙述的主题“...herearefourtypesofpeople”，同时该句具有过渡句的功能，引起下文。故选F。22．E【解析】根据后一句“Justasresearchshows,positivethinkingcanincreaseyourlifespan,strengthenyourimmunesystemandreduceyourriskofdevelopingheartdiseases.(正如研究表明的那样，积极的思考可以延长你的寿命，增强你的免疫系统，降低你患心脏病的风险。)”可知，积极的思想可以延长寿命，增强免疫系统，降低患心脏病的风险。该句是E选项“Peoplewhoarepositiveandoptimisticcanactuallybenefityourhealth(积极乐观的人其实对你的健康有益)”的支持论点。故选E。23．D【解析】前文“What’slifewithoutalittleadventure?(没有一点冒险的生活算什么？)”中的adventure与D选项“Befriendsomeonewhoisreadytostepoutofhiscomfortzoneandtravelaround(和那些准备走出舒适区四处旅行的人做朋友)”中的“stepoutofhiscomfortzone”对应，后文“togetheryoucanstartjourneysthatchangeyourlifeforever(你们可以一起开启改变人生的旅程)”中的“togetheryoucanstartjourneys”与选项中“befriendsomeone...travelaround”对应。故选D。24．C【解析】前文“Oftenthesenaturalpsychologistswouldliketoaskyousomequestionsthathelpyouthinkaboutyourproblems.(通常这些自然心理学家会问你一些问题，帮助你思考你的问题。)”讲到通常这些自然心理学家会问你一些问题，帮助你思考你的问题，C选项“Insteadoftellingyouwhattodo,theywouldratherguideyoutopotentialsolutions(他们不会告诉你该做什么，而是会引导你找到潜在的解决方案。)”与前句构成逻辑上的承接关系，并解释前句中“somequestionsthathelpyouthinkaboutyourproblems”的作用和意义。故选C项。25．A【解析】根据第一句“Whenyousurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhovaluelogicandproblem-solving,theycanencourageyoutousecriticalthinkinginsteadofjusttrappingyourselfinconflicts.(当你周围的人都重视逻辑和解决问题，他们可以鼓励你使用批判性思维，而不是让自己陷入冲突。)”和第二句的“Ifyou’reespecially学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7thetypeofpersontodependonotherstomakeyoufeelbetter,beingaroundlogicianscanhelpyoubecomemoreindependentandpractical.(如果你是那种特别依赖别人来让自己感觉更好的人，和逻辑学家在一起可以帮助你变得更独立和实际。)”可知，这样的朋友应为theenthusiasticlogician(狂热的逻辑思维者)。所以A选项“狂热的逻辑思维者”为本段的标题。故选A。学科网（北京）股份有限公司