儿童贫血(全英文)

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1、Anemiainchildhood(小儿贫血)Tounderstandfeaturesofhematopoiesisandbloodinchildren.Tocomprehendclinicalfeatures,diagnosisandtherapyofanemia.Tounderstandthedefinition,gradedivisionandclassificationofanemiainchildren.Tomasteretiology,pathogeny,diagnosis,therapyandpreventionofnutritionalirondeficienc

2、yanemiaandnutritionalmegaloblasticanemia.Diseaseofhematopoieticsysteminfantileanemia（1）nutritionalirondeficiencyanemia(IDA)（2）nutritionalmegaloblasticanemiaPrimary/immunitythrombocytopeniaPurpura(ITP)Leukemiahaematogenesisofchildrenhematopoiesis--producedbloodextramedullarybeforebirthandpost

3、natalmesoblasthepaticmedullary3-15w6w-6ms3msEmbryostageMesoblastichaematogenesis：3wsbegin，8wsweaken,12-15wsdisappears。liver：8wsbegin，6monthsgraduallyweaken,erythroblast、granularcellandmegakaryocyte.Embryostage3、spleen：12wsbeginerythrocyte,granule,lymphocyte4、Haematogenesisoflymphaticorgan1.t

4、horacicgland:8ws2.lymphaticnodes:11wsEmbryostage5、myelo-haematopoiesis：6monsHaematogenesisfunctionemphasis，makevariouskindsofbloodcells，uniquehematogenicorganafterbirth.Haematopoiesispostnatal1、marrow：2、extramedullary：whenrequirementofhaemopoiesisincrease，liver、spleen、lymphadenectasis，hepato

5、megalyandsplenomegaly,incirculatingbloodimmatureerythrocytesandgranulocytes.PhysiologicalhaemolysisNormalnewbornshavehigherhemoglobin(HB)andhematocritlevelsandashortenedsurvivalperiodofthefetalRBCscontributes tothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.Physiologicalhaemolysiserythropoiesisabruptlyce

6、aseswithonsetofrespirationatbirth,whenthearterialoxygensaturationrisestoward95%.levelsoferythropoietin(EPO)arelow.EPOhasadecreasedhalf-lifeandanincreasedvolumeofdistributioninnewborns.AshortenedsurvivalofthefetalRBCalsocontributestothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.thesizableexpansionofblood

7、volumethataccompaniesrapidweightgainduringthefirst3mooflifeaddstotheneedforincreasedRBCproduction.bloodcharacteristics–agesredbloodcells(RBC)andHbPhysiologicalhaemolysisandanemiawritebloodcells(WBC)andclassification4-6crossPlatelets150-250×109/Lblo