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ID:43588246
大小:16.16 MB
页数:93页
时间:2019-10-11
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1、Anemiainchildhood(小儿贫血)Tounderstandfeaturesofhematopoiesisandbloodinchildren.Tocomprehendclinicalfeatures,diagnosisandtherapyofanemia.Tounderstandthedefinition,gradedivisionandclassificationofanemiainchildren.Tomasteretiology,pathogeny,diagnosis,therapyan
2、dpreventionofnutritionalirondeficiencyanemiaandnutritionalmegaloblasticanemia.Diseaseofhematopoieticsysteminfantileanemia(1)nutritionalirondeficiencyanemia(IDA)(2)nutritionalmegaloblasticanemiaPrimary/immunitythrombocytopeniaPurpura(ITP)Leukemiahaematoge
3、nesisofchildrenhematopoiesis--producedbloodextramedullarybeforebirthandpostnatalmesoblasthepaticmedullary3-15w6w-6ms3msEmbryostageMesoblastichaematogenesis:3wsbegin,8wsweaken,12-15wsdisappears。liver:8wsbegin,6monthsgraduallyweaken,erythroblast、granularcel
4、landmegakaryocyte.Embryostage3、spleen:12wsbeginerythrocyte,granule,lymphocyte4、Haematogenesisoflymphaticorgan1.thoracicgland:8ws2.lymphaticnodes:11wsEmbryostage5、myelo-haematopoiesis:6monsHaematogenesisfunctionemphasis,makevariouskindsofbloodcells,uniqueh
5、ematogenicorganafterbirth.Haematopoiesispostnatal1、marrow:2、extramedullary:whenrequirementofhaemopoiesisincrease,liver、spleen、lymphadenectasis,hepatomegalyandsplenomegaly,incirculatingbloodimmatureerythrocytesandgranulocytes.PhysiologicalhaemolysisNormaln
6、ewbornshavehigherhemoglobin(HB)andhematocritlevelsandashortenedsurvivalperiodofthefetalRBCscontributes tothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.Physiologicalhaemolysiserythropoiesisabruptlyceaseswithonsetofrespirationatbirth,whenthearterialoxygensaturationrise
7、stoward95%.levelsoferythropoietin(EPO)arelow.EPOhasadecreasedhalf-lifeandanincreasedvolumeofdistributioninnewborns.AshortenedsurvivalofthefetalRBCalsocontributestothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.thesizableexpansionofbloodvolumethataccompaniesrapidweight
8、gainduringthefirst3mooflifeaddstotheneedforincreasedRBCproduction.bloodcharacteristics–agesredbloodcells(RBC)andHbPhysiologicalhaemolysisandanemiawritebloodcells(WBC)andclassification4-6crossPlatelets150-250×109/Lbl
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