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ID:38657505
大小:2.70 MB
页数:93页
时间:2019-06-17
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1、Anemiainchildhood(小儿贫血)Tounderstandfeaturesofhematopoiesisandbloodinchildren.Tocomprehendclinicalfeatures,diagnosisandtherapyofanemia.Tounderstandthedefinition,gradedivisionandclassificationofanemiainchildren.Tomasteretiology,pathogeny,diagnosis,therapyandpreventio
2、nofnutritionalirondeficiencyanemiaandnutritionalmegaloblasticanemia.Diseaseofhematopoieticsysteminfantileanemia(1)nutritionalirondeficiencyanemia(IDA)(2)nutritionalmegaloblasticanemiaPrimary/immunitythrombocytopeniaPurpura(ITP)Leukemiahaematogenesisofchildrenhemat
3、opoiesis--producedbloodextramedullarybeforebirthandpostnatalmesoblasthepaticmedullary3-15w6w-6ms3msEmbryostageMesoblastichaematogenesis:3wsbegin,8wsweaken,12-15wsdisappears。liver:8wsbegin,6monthsgraduallyweaken,erythroblast、granularcellandmegakaryocyte.Embryostage3
4、、spleen:12wsbeginerythrocyte,granule,lymphocyte4、Haematogenesisoflymphaticorgan1.thoracicgland:8ws2.lymphaticnodes:11wsEmbryostage5、myelo-haematopoiesis:6monsHaematogenesisfunctionemphasis,makevariouskindsofbloodcells,uniquehematogenicorganafterbirth.Haematopoiesis
5、postnatal1、marrow:2、extramedullary:whenrequirementofhaemopoiesisincrease,liver、spleen、lymphadenectasis,hepatomegalyandsplenomegaly,incirculatingbloodimmatureerythrocytesandgranulocytes.PhysiologicalhaemolysisNormalnewbornshavehigherhemoglobin(HB)andhematocritlevels
6、andashortenedsurvivalperiodofthefetalRBCscontributes tothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.Physiologicalhaemolysiserythropoiesisabruptlyceaseswithonsetofrespirationatbirth,whenthearterialoxygensaturationrisestoward95%.levelsoferythropoietin(EPO)arelow.EPOhasadecrease
7、dhalf-lifeandanincreasedvolumeofdistributioninnewborns.AshortenedsurvivalofthefetalRBCalsocontributestothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.thesizableexpansionofbloodvolumethataccompaniesrapidweightgainduringthefirst3mooflifeaddstotheneedforincreasedRBCproduction.bloo
8、dcharacteristics–agesredbloodcells(RBC)andHbPhysiologicalhaemolysisandanemiawritebloodcells(WBC)andclassification4-6crossPlatelets150-250×109/Lbl
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