8下英语知识点总结

8下英语知识点总结

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8上U3复习教学案Unit1What’sthematter?一、基础知识1.What’sthematter?怎么啦?出什么事情了?What’sthematterwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了?【注】:matter和trouble为名词,其前可加the或形容词性物主代词,wrong是adj.不能加the2.haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼,肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼3.muchtoo+形容词,意为太......,toomuch+名词,意为很多,大量。4.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后。goodenough足够好,enoughmoney=muchmoney5.liedown躺下,lie躺,躺着,过去式lay;lie说谎,过去式lied6.maybe“或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe,是情态动词+be的结构,意为“可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词。Hemaybeangry.soundlike+名词代词和从句:Itsoundslikeyoudon’tknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词,“听起来,好像”,Themusicsoundsnice.7.need需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物;needtodosth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.8.getoff(thebus)下(公交车)geton上车11.agree同意,赞同;agreewithsth.同意某事如:Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意见如:IagreetoLiLei.12.trouble问题,麻烦;beintrouble遇到麻烦,maketrouble制造麻烦,havetrouble(in)doingsth.=havedifficulties(in)doingsth做......有麻烦。13.rightaway=rightnow=atonce,意为马上。14.advice[不可数名词]劝告,建议,向…征求意见,givesb.adviceonsth.就某事给某人建议;advise[动词]advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时,为不可数名词即不加s15.beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事,强调状态;Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.16.runout用完,用尽Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.runout.某物用尽了。人sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.17.risk(sb.)todosth.冒险去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒险18.theimportanceof(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.importancen.重要(性),importantadj.重要的,19.makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.。20.beinthecontrolof…掌管,管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol无法控制,无法管理beundercontrol被控制住,在控制之中21.minddoingsth.介意做某事,Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?27.giveup(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事,giveup(playing)computergames;Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks1.cheer(sb.)up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.2.giveout分发;散发,相当于handout,Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意为把某物分发给某人。3.volunteertodosth.自愿做某事4.alone:独自一人的,无感情色彩:指人Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely(感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。指内心孤独Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.5.careforsb./sth.照顾;照料……6.such“这样的,这种,如此”,用于修饰名词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词:suchagoodday页脚内容7

18上U3复习教学案多么美好的一天/suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比赛such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建议suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名词前被many,much,few,little修饰时,只能用so,而不用such:somanysickchildren/solittletime7.tryoutfor…参加…选拔,争取成为…tryout试用,试验8.bebusywithsth.忙于(做)什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于(做)什么事情9.trydoingsth.试着去做某事trytodosth.尽力去做某事tryone’sbest(todosth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事10.beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人、某事11.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难12.fixup修理=repairUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?1.couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?Couldyoupleasedosth?请你(做)......好吗?用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答:Sorry,Ican’t2、takeout取出(v+adv)takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走,取走takeback收回takeplace发生takeoff脱下起飞takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顾takeoff脱下;起飞takeup占据takedown拿下takeone’stime不急;慢慢来takeone’stemperature量体温3.dothedishes洗碗4.atleast至少;atmost至少,不超过5.finishdoingsth做完某事6.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人(主语)也不”⑴neither两者都不neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定NeitherTomnorJimisastudent⑵表达“…也不……”则用“Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主”—Thefirstonewasn’tbad.—Neitherwasthesecond.7.find用法:find→found→foundv寻找(1)findsb.doingsth发现某人做某事(2)findit+adj.+todosth发现做某事很……◆finditdifficult/hardtodosth发现做某事很困难8.toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地besurprisedat对……感到吃惊9.need,must引导的一般疑问句肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t—MustIgotherenow?—Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t10.share分享;共用sharesth分享或共用某物sharesthwithsb.与某人分享某物11.borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow借入,与from连用,尤指主语“【借进来”】borrowsthfromsb.从某人那里借某物Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend借出,与to搭配【指借出去】lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借给某人Hedoesn’twanttolendhisbooktoothers.(3)keep保留,保存(延续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】12.tryv试图,设法,努力(1)tryon试穿(2)trytodosth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3)trydoingsth试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)tryone’sbesttodosth=doone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事13CouldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗?短语含义asksb.todosth请某人做某事asksb.nottodosth不让某人做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物askforhelp寻求帮助14.helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事15.CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?页脚内容7

28上U3复习教学案我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗?(1)invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地点邀请某人去某地16.havetime=befree有空17.awasteof浪费awasteoftime浪费时间18.spend/pay/cost/take花费(1)spend→spent→spentv花费,主语是人◆sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsth◆sb.+spend+时间/钱+(in)doingsth(2)pay→paid→paidv支付,主语是人◆sb.+pay+钱+forsthIpay10yuanforthebook.(3)cost→cost→costv花费,主语是某物或某事◆sthcostsb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱(4)take→took→takenv花费◆Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.19.inorderto“目的是;为了”后接动词原形。inordertodosth为了做某事20getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好21.get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡相关:(beasleep睡着)beawake醒着22.providev提供providesth.forsb.为某人提供某物provide为应急等做好准备而“提供;供给”providesb.withsth.=providesthforsb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offersb.sth.=offersthtosb.对某人提供某物offertodosth主动提出干某事supply定期“供应”,强调替代或补充所需物品Supplysb.withsth=supplysth.tosb.为某人提供某物23.dependon依靠;信赖24.keep(on)doingsth继续做某事Hewasingreatpainbuthekeptonworking25.takecareof照顾=lookafter26.the+比较级,the+比较级“越......越......”Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?1.Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢?Whydon'tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?为什么不......呢?用于提建议的句型有:(1)Whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth?….怎么样?(2)Whydon’tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?为什么不呢?(3)Let’sdosth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)hadbetterdo/notdosth最好做/不做某事(5)Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth请你做…好吗?(6)Wouldyouliketodosth?你想去做某事吗?(7)Wouldyouminddoingsth?你介意做某事吗?2.allowv允许allowdoingsth允许做某事Theydon’tallowsmoking.allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事MymotherallowsmetowatchTV.beallowedtodosth被允许做某事3.lookthrough浏览lookthesame4.angryadj.生气的→angrilyadv.生气地(1)beangrywithsb.=bemadatsb.对某人生气【with后接人】(2)beangryat/aboutsth对某事感到生气【at后接事】(3)beangrytodosth做某事感到生气5.although=though尽管,用来引导让步状语从句。注:though/although不能与but连用6.hopev希望●hopetodosthIhopetovisitGuilin.hope+that从句(表示希望)Ihopethatyou’llbebettersoon●wishv希望wishtodosthIwishtovisitGuilin.wishsb.todosth希望某人做某事Iwishyoutogo.wish+that从句表示愿望,7.workout解决;成功地发展8.argue争吵arguewithsb.与某人争吵arguewithsb.aboutsth为某事与某人争吵argueaboutsth争论某事argueagainst争辩;反对Hearguedagainsttheplan9.hangout闲逛;常去某处Helikesreadingandheoftenhangsoutinthebookshop.10refusetodosth拒绝去做某事11.instead代替,反而,替(1)instead副词,代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。LeewasillsoIwentinstead.李病了,所以我去了。(2)insteadof+n/doing代替,而不是,放在句中页脚内容7

38上U3复习教学案insteadof为介词短语,+N./pron./v-ing12.worryabout=beworriedabout为……担心13.competev竞争;对抗→competitionn竞争competewithsb.和某人竞争competeagainst/with与……竞争competefor为……参加比赛14.inone’sopinion以某人的观点;在某人看来15.sometime/sometime/sometimes/sometimes【口诀】:分开是一段,合起是某时;分开s是倍次,合起s是有时16.typical典型的betypicalof“是……的特点”17.succeedindoingsth18.send→sent→sentv发送sendsb.sth=sendsthtosb.送给某人某物19.allkindsof各种各样的【拓展】kind(1)n种类kindof+adj.有点,有几分,kindofcold有点冷akindof一种的,某种的allkindsof各种各样的differentkindsof不同种类的Whatkindof…?那种20.compareAwithB将A和B比较(1)compare…with…把……与…..做比较(2)compare…to…把…..比做……21.begoodfor对….有益处(反)bebadfor对…有害处begoodat+n/doing=dowellin+n/doing擅长于做某事begoodtosb.=bekindto=befriendlytosb.对某人友好22.becrazyabout对……着迷;热衷于……I’mcrazyaboutfootball.23.DoesCathyTaylorthinkit’simportantforkidstojoinafter-schoolactivities?凯西.泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗?It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)+(forsb.)todosth24.keepondoing继续做某事25.sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引导目的状语从句。Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?1.pickup接电话pickup接电话Tom,Icalledyou,butyoudidn’tpickup捡起;拾起Ipickupawalletonmywayhome开车接某人Iwillpickyouupatthestation学到;获得Hewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.2.fallasleep进入梦乡;睡着【拓展】sleep/asleep辨析:(1)sleep=beinbedv睡觉,指睡的动作状态,(2)gettosleep=fallasleep入睡,强调进入睡眠的状态(3)gotobed上床睡觉,强调睡觉的动作。3.diedown逐渐变弱;逐渐消失3.join加入;参加【辨析】join/joinin/takepartin(1)join=beamemberof参加,指加入某种组织,并成为其中的一员。jointhearmy/party入伍/党jointheclub加入俱乐部◆joinin后接活动名称◆joinsb.加入到某个人群之中(2)takepartin参加,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。4.therestof…“其余的,剩下的”,做主语时,其谓语动词的数要与therestof修饰的名词一致。Therestofmeatgoesbad.Therestofworkersarestillworkinghard.4.⑴remembertodosth记得去做某事(此事还未做) ⑵rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(此事已做完)5.hearsb.dosth听见某人做某事;hearsb.doingsth听见某人正在做某事6.hearabout意为“听说”,=hearof,后面接词或短语。Ihaveheardabout/ofthestorybefore.我以前就听说过这个故事。7.troublen困难;苦恼;忧虑⑴introuble处于困境中getsb.intotrouble使某人陷入困境⑵What'sthetroublewithyou?=What’sthematterwithyou?=Wha’twrongwithyou?你怎么啦?⑶havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有麻烦Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.1.unless引导条件状语从句 unless=if…not“除非,若不” Theywillgotomorrowunlessitrains.=Theywillgotomorrowifitdoesn’trains.2.so.......that引导结果状语从句3.takeaway把……带走4.(1)remindof提醒,使记起页脚内容7

48上U3复习教学案(2)remindsb.ofsth使某人记起某事(3)remindsb.todosth提醒某人去做某事(4)remindsb.+that从句5.agreewithsb.同意某人(6.⑴another“另一个;另外的”,指三种或三种以上的另一个。Thiscoatistoosmall,pleaseshowmeanotherone.⑵others“另一些”,和some对比使用时,无“其他”之意。Somestudentsaresinging;othersaredancing.⑶theothers“其余的”,指在一个范围内的其他全部。Lisaistallerthantheothersinourclass.⑷theother“另一个”,指两者中的另一个。Ihavetwosister,oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.7.neither两者都不(反)both两者都“neitherof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式8.beborn出生通常用于一般过去时⑴bebornin+月份/年份/地点在……月/年/地方出生MybrotherwasborninHongKong.⑵bebornon+具体的某天在……出生Hewasbornonacoldmorning.9.turn…into…把……变成……;把……译成……turnon打开couldyouturnonthelight,please?turnoff关掉(煤气,水,电,收音机,电视机等)turndown关小10.be/becomeinterestedin+doing…对……感兴趣11.fit适合,合身suit合适侧重指颜色、款式或时间,食物、状况等适合fit适合侧重指大小、尺寸合体。12.acoupleof两三个13.getmarried结婚tosb.14.makeaplanfor为……制定计划plantodosth计划做某事=planondoingsth15.lead带路;领路leadto导致......,通向......AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。leadsb.todosth带领某人做某事Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?1.Theelephantweightsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍weighv称……的重量→weightn重量time①“是......的几倍”主语+数词+times+as+形容词+as+被比较的内容Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldone.②“次数”一次once两次twice三次及三次以上:基数词+timesthreetimes三次threeorfourtimes三到四次2.atbirth出生时givebirth(tosb/sth)生孩子;产仔3.theother其他的(指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”,后接名词时,表示“其他的人或物”;One....Theother...(两者中)一个......,另一个........theothers=theother+复数名词theother的复数形式是theothers“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。some...others一些,另一些 Someboysarereading;othersarelisteningtotheradio.有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音机。⑴less是little(小;少)的比较级:Hespendslesstime(in)doingexperiments.他做实验花时间较少。⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较,作“较不…”,“更不…”解。Itislesscoldthanitwasyesterday.天气不如昨天那样冷。【拓展】notlessthan+基数词表示"不下于;至少;不止"nolessthan+基数词表示"达......之多(言其多)"Therearenotlessthan40studentsinthisclass.这个班级至少有40个学生。4.prepare…for…为……准备……1).preparesth.表示"准备......",后接名词或代词作宾语。OurEnglishteacherwaspreparingthelessonswhenIcameintotheoffice.我进办公室时,我们的英语老师在备课。2).preparetodosth.表示"准备做......"。Theywerepreparingtocrosstheriverwhenitbegantorain.他们正准备过河,突然下雨了。3).prepareforsth.表示"为......做准备"。5.diefrom死于diev“死”表示生命的结束→deadadj死的→deathn死亡页脚内容7

58上U3复习教学案●常用短语⑴diefrom+外因“死于……”,主要指事故等方面的外部原因。diefromatrafficaccident死于交通事故Theoldmandiedfromacaraccidentlastyear.这个老人去年死于一场车祸dieof+内因主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因.6falldown跌倒7.beexcitedabout对……感到激动toone’sexcitement使某人兴奋的是8.spend…(in)doing花时间做某事9.⑴less是little(小;少)的比较级:Hespendslesstime(in)doingexperiments.他做实验花时间较少。⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较,作“较不…”,“更不…”解。Itislesscoldthanitwasyesterday.天气不如昨天那样冷。【拓展】notlessthan+基数词表示"不下于;至少;不止"nolessthan+基数词表示"达......之多(言其多)"Therearenotlessthan40studentsinthisclass.这个班级至少有40个学生。10.二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarFatherfarthest/furthestUnit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?1.haveafightwith和......打了一架2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。goabroad出国liveabroad住在国外athomeandabroad在国内外3.ontheradio在收音机里;通过无线广播介词on表示“以......方式”4.eversince自从……以来eversince自从……以eversince作连词时=since,ever起强调作用,主句常用现在完成时.Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastyear.=Ihaven’theardfromhimeversincelastyear.5.Sthbelongstosb=sthissb’sTheyellowcarbelongstoMr.Smith=TheyellowcarisMr.Smith’s.6.bekindto对……友好=befriendlytokindof“有点儿,有几分”相当于alittle或abitakindof“一种”allkindsof“各种各样的”differentkindsof“不同种类的”whatkindof….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)7hundredn百hundredsof数以百的thousandn千thousandsof成千上万的millionn百万millionsof成百万的(1)当million前面有具体的数字时,用单数形式(2)当million后与of连用时用复数形式,millionsof是数百万的意思,前面不能加数词8.thenumberof⑴thenumberof表示“……的数目”,后跟名词复数或代词,其后的谓语动词用单数。⑵anumberof表示“大量的,许多”,后跟复数名词,其后谓语动词用复数。现在完成时:主语have/has+done1.过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,already,yet,never,ever,just,before,sofar,once,twiceetc.3.与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。goout----beoutfinish-----beoverleave----beawayfrombuy----haveborrow/lend-----keepopen---beopenclose---becloseddie---deadstart/begin----beonjoin—--bein/beamemberof/beasoldierbecome–bemakefriend---befriendgetup---beupfallasleep---beasleepcatcha页脚内容7

68上U3复习教学案cold–haveacoldreach/get/arrive---stay/be,※since自从Since+从句(一般过去时),主句用现在完成时Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.※For+时间段,表示某事持续了多长时间4.Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.你也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。inneed需要;需求【拓展】indanger在危险中introuble在困境中insilence在沉默中ingoodhealth在好的健康状态中Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情5.nomore;not…anymore/强调数量和程度“不再增加”,与非延续性动词连用nolonger;not...anylonger不再强调时间或动作“不再延续”,与延续性动词连用6.checkout查看;观察7.growup成长(常用于指人或动物)8.partwith与……分开;失去(尤指舍不得的东西)9.asfor至于;关于(后跟名词、代词或动名词)10.forawhile一会儿11.dowith处理;对付(某人或某物)dealwith处理与how连用Hetaughtmehowtodealwithpressure.dowith处理与what连用Idon’tknowwhattodowiththeseletters.页脚内容7

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