高考英语写作讲义

《高考英语写作讲义》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2020年上海高考英语写作讲义

1目录第一部分遣词造句．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2一．词汇升级．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2（一）高分词汇积累．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2（二）出彩表达．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8二、句型升级．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14（一）基本句型回顾．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．............14（二）高分句型中的语法亮点．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15（三）句型素材积累．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17第二部分图画作文．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23一、写作基本思路导读－－－－－－三层次，十模块．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23二、各层次的常用表达．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23第三部分图表作文．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34图表作文攻略．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34一模板详解．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．36

2笫一部分遣词造句词汇升级(—)高分词汇积累1.Itoccurredtosb.that.../itdawnedonmethat..．替换think/sb.haveanideathat...Iwasabouttopayfortheshoppingwhen~I'dleftmycheckbookathome.我买完东西要付钱时，才突然发现我把支票簿留在家里了。Suddenly~theycouldn'tpossiblyhavemetbefore.我突然明白他们以前不可能见过面。2.devote替换spendHe~(spends)allhissparetime位reading.3.seek替换wantIlookforThey泣坚坦(wanted)lQ...}:Jjfkthemselvesbehindthet1·ees.4.nothingbut替换onlyItistheaudiencethatsupportthestars,butsomeoftheminsistthattheirachievementsresultfrom~theirownefforts.是观众支撑着那些明星，但有些明星认为其成功完全来自自己的努力。5.getseated/seatoneself替换sitdownHardly坦廷theexperts~(satdown)whenthespeechcontestoftheForeignLanguageFestival(thatwas)hostedbyPrincipalWangstarted.专家们一入座，外语节的演讲比赛就在王校长的主持下开始了。6.appreciate替换thankWereally~(thankyoufor)allthehelpyougaveuslastweekend.上周末得到你们的大力帮助，我们非常感谢。Ia~theefforttocome你能拨冗前来，我深表感激。Iwoulda~letmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillbecoming.如能提前告知能否前来，我将不胜感激。

37.cover替换walkAfterf!!..J!.!.!i!1g(walking)10miles,weallfelttired.8.contributeto/facilitate/beconduciveto替换behelpful/useful/beneficialtoThenewtradeagreementshould~/~(behelpful/useful/beneficialto)morerapideconomicgrowth.新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。9.aroundthecorner/approach替换comingsoonThesummervacationisaroundthecornerIa.lll!.!!l!:!:f!(coming).Doyouhaveanyplans?10.bright…tolight/cometolight替换discover/becomeknownThisevidencedidnotcometolig_htuntilafterthetrial.庭审结束以后这个证据才被披露出来。Themistake竺only~someyearslater.这个错误是过了几年之后才浮现出来的。11.comeupwith替换thinkofJackisveryclever.Heoften~(thinksof)newideas.12.ahandfulof替换alittle/someTomgrabbedup~(some)snowandshoveditdownhissister'scollar.13.moreoftenthannot替换usuallyMoreo~(Usually),themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.14.frownupon替换toopposetoAtfirsthe~(wasopposedto)thescheme,butwemanagedtoarguehimround.15.longforsth./longtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishforShe位坚坐(wanted)丝汪~himagain.她很想再见到他。16.bekeenon/becrazyabout/beaddictedto替换beinterestedinHeiskeenonIc~(interestedin)collectingstamps.

417.inthecourseof替换duringInthecourseof(=During)theinterviewitbee扣neclearthathewasnotsuitableforthejob.在面试过程中显示了他并不适合这份工作。18.themajo1ityof替换mostThemai.m:J1J!..gf_(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema19.beeagertosth./lookforwardto替换hopetodosth.Iamlookin~(hopetoreceive)yourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.20.beongoodtermswith替换haveagoodrelationshipwithHeison~(hasagoodrelationship)withalltheclassmates.21.inmypersonalsense,formypart/tomymind替换Accordingtome/Inmyopinion/IbelieveIshouldapologize,~(inmyopinion),foranyoffencecausedbymyactionsattheendofthegame.22.springupImushroom（褒）／arise（贬）替换appearNewtheatresandartscenterss~(appear)alloverthecountry.Problemscan红鸟(appear)fromthefactthatsomeproductsaretradedinmanydifferentmarkets.23.possessIharbor替换haveHe~(has)anextensiveandiI1tensiveknowledgeofbanking.24.inquire/enquire替换askHonewearsaredtartanblanketwrappedaround缸swaist,butwhenI~(ask)坐皿1itssignificanceheshrugsandlaughs.25.appealto替换beattractivetoGoingabroaddoesn't~(beattractiveto)theseniorhighschoolstudentatall.26.take...intoaccount(consideration)/givethoughtto替换consider

5Aftertakingintoaccount(consideration)/givingthoughtto(considering)allfivepossibilities,wecheckedoffthesecondone.27.excelin替换begoodatIfyourtalentcombineswithdiligence,youcan~(begoodat)yourbusiness.28.beevident/apparent替换beobviousItisevidentIa.I!.Il!!!:!.!!1(obvious)thatmoreandmoreinfrast:I"uctureswillbeavailableinmetropolis.29.prominent/distinguished/outstanding/renowned替换famous30.exerteveryefforttodo.../sparenoeffortstodo..替换廿yone'sbesttodoTheyaredeterminedto~(trytheu·best)toscalethepeaksinscienceandtechnology.31.attachsignificanceto/givepriorityto替换payattentiontoIdon'tattachan~theserumors.我不把这些谣传当作一回事。Sheattaches~beingfinanciallyindependent.她特别看重经济独立。32.afford/purchase替换buy33.profound/far-reaching替换deepTheInternethasa~(deep)impactonthegrowthofteenager.34.Theremaybenobetterexampleofthisthanthefollowingone./Acaseinpointisthat…替换forexample/instance35.besecondtonone替换bethebestSheissecondtonone(thebest)amongallthegraduates.在毕业生中她是顶呱呱的一个．36.cheerup/beinhighspirits替换becomehappy37.matter/count替换beimportant

6Whatmattersmost(ismostimportant)isthatourbehaviorshouldbedisciplined.Confidence~(isveryimportant)ontheroadtosucceed.38.industrious替换hardworking/diligentShe'sextremelycompetentand~(h缸dworking/diligent)．她非常勤奋、能干。39.personalities/celebrities替换famouspeople40.accountfor替换explainTht·eefactorscan~(explain)thisphenomenon41.accomplish替换firush42.befacedwith/standupto替换faceWhenweare~(facing)frustrationsandfailures,weshouldbringouremotioncontrol.43.dreadful/unfavorable/adverse替换badIwasbeginningtothinkI'dmadea~(bad)mistake我开始觉得自己犯了个大错误。Maybenoprogramwouldsucceedgiventhe~(bad)initialconditions.鉴于不利的初始环境，或许没有一个项目会取得成功。Underadversecircumstances.,somepeoplebreakrecords,othersbreakout.在逆境下，有些人可以打破记录，而有些人却精神崩溃．44.adequate/sufficient替换enough45.intentionally替换onpurpose46.essential/vital/significant替换veryimportant47.cultivate/buildup替换develop48.acquire/achieve替换getElsie~(get)~Chinese.埃尔茜汉语学得很好。

749.eliminate替换getridof50.enhance/boost替换improveTheforestwill~(improve)theattractivenessoftheregion.这片森林会为该地区平添更多魅力。Passingmydrivit1gtestwassucha血型(improvement)tomyconfidence.通过了驾驶执照考试使我自信心大增。51.data/statistics/figures替换number52.awealthof/ahostof/anoceanof/anexplosionof替换many/much53.beinferior/superiorto替换bebetter/worsethan54.des订able替换ideal/good55.beit1fmancialdifficulties/befinancially-challenged/haveatightbudgetfor替换bepoor/havenomoney56.feelfreetodosth替换nothesitate57.runinto/comeacross/encounter替换meet58.advances替换improvement59.ca订yout/enforce替换perform60.maintain/holdonto替换keep61.individuals替换people/persons62.minimize替换reduce

863.toughItricky/challenging/demanding替换difficult/hard64.cozyIrestfulIcomfo11able/effortless替换easy65.allalone替换onone'sown/byoneself66.promising替换hopeful67.indispensable替换necessary68.bepreoccupiedwith...替换enjoy69.tackle/grapplewith/dealwith替换solve70.toputanendto/toterminate替换end（二）出彩表达1.押韵表达

9(1)bitsandpiecesof(2)lastbutnottheleast(3)nearandde釭friends(4)anexcitingandenjoyableexperience(5)reallyandti·uly(6)anhumanitarianandharmonioussociety(7)physicallyandpsychologically(8)wiwiseandwitty(9)safeandsound(10)liveandlearn(11)spititout(12)withmightandmain(13)fairandsquare(14)roughandtough(15)faiilureandfrustt·ation(16)toilandmoil(17)cuteandcuddly(18)upsanddowns(upsidesanddownsides)(19)stt·essesandstrains(20)hustleandbustle(21)rulesandregulations(22)scaleandspeedofgrowth(23)proudbutpatient(24)reasonablyandrightfully(25)fightfor(26)insspoiriiringandinstructing(27)intriintricateandinteresting:仁，(28)fortuneandfame(29)ad血reandappreciate(30)angerandaggression(31)themostmemorablemoments第9页

102.个性出彩表达(1)最喜欢的一本书《红楼梦》ADreamofRedMansions《水浒传》OutlawsoftheMarsh《三国演义》TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms《西游记》JourneytotheWestTheRedandTheBlack(byStendhal)红与黑ThreeDaystoSee(byHelenKeller)假如给我三天光明PrideandPrejudice(byJaneAusten)傲慢与偏见WutheringHeights(byEmilyBronte)呼啸山庄TheMiserableWorld(byVictorHugo)悲惨世界GonewiththeWind(byMargaretMitchell)飘(2)最喜欢的一部电影anOscar-nominatingfilmShreckTinyTimesHarryPotterandtheHalf-bloodTheLoveoftheHawthornTree(3)最崇拜的一个人StephenWilliamHawking——ABriefHistoryofTime:fromtheBigBangtoBlackHolesBeethoven——DestinysymphonyLeonardodaVinci—-theMonaLisa(4)其他afleamar·ketajunkshopMcDonald'sStarbark..appendicitislnsomnIanas1t1sBudweisercauliflowernarc1sscalligraphypomegranatelimousineatyke-sizeMercedsBenzconvertibleIcouldsolveRubik'sCubeinafewminutes.GalaxyNoteIIN71083GNOKIALumia9203GHTCNewOne801eHTCNewOne801e(5)时尚表达1)时间去哪儿了？:Wherehastimegone?2)一带一路：theSilkEconomicBelt;the21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad3)爆表：tobeIgothecharts第10页

114)茶叶蛋：teaeggs/eggsstewedintea(IrealizedonlyrecentlythatIamaTuhaowhocanaffordteaeggs.)5)电子红包：electronicredenvelope/packet6)顶梁柱：pill打，backbone;mainstay(Theyoungergenerationwillbecomethepillarofoursociety.)7)扶人协会：AssociationofVolunteersHelpingPeopleUp8)核心价值观：corevalues(CoresocialistvaluesarethesoulofChinesenationandserveastheguideforbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.)9)家风：familycustomary/moral(ethical)standards10)接地气：toreflecttheaspirationofthegrassroot11)啃老族：kippers(kidssiinparents'pocketserodingret订ementsavings)12)坑爹：likekiddingyow-father(Youevendaredtodeceiveme.Itisjustlikekiddingyourfather.)13)且行且珍惜：Let'scherishthetimewearetogetheraswearegettingalong.14)闷骚：manshow(toshowone'sinnerwildnessinaseeminglycarelessway)15)女汉子：manlywoman16)仁、义、礼、节、信：benevolence,righteousness,courtesy,chastity,andfaithfulness17)任性：willful;self-willed;wayward;headstrong;capricious;impulsive18)上镜：tobephotogenic;tophotographwell//（怕上镜）tobecamera-shy19)涂鸦：graffiti(TheparentsfromNanjingmadeanapologyforthe江son'sgraffitiinanancientEgyptiantemple.)20)雾霾：ahaze21)心理干预：mental/psychologicalit1tervention22)植树节Marchl2thistree-plantingdayinChina【补充材料1:电影】DearMichael,Asoneofyourclosest仕iend,I'mwritingtheletterinpm-poseofrecommendingoneofmyfavoritemoviestoyou---AroundtheWorldinEightyDays.Theprimaryfactorsformyrecommendationareasfollows.Foronething,thisisamovieof

12sciencefictionwhichtellsusanexcitingstoryaboutanEnglishgentleman,Mr.PhileasFogg,whomakesabetwithhisclubmatesandmanagerstotravelaroundtheworldineightydays.Foranother,itgivesusavividdescriptionofthemanydifficultiesandincidentswhichhappenonhisjourney.Wishyouenjoythemovie.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiMing【补充材料2:手机】DearSir,IhavejustreceivedthemobilephonewhichIboughtonlinethroughyourwebservice.However,thisSamsungGalaxyAceS5830doesnotappeartobewor灿ngproperlyasadvertised.Inparticular,thisphonehassmallavailablestorageofonly60MB.IspecificaJlyboughtthismodelbecauseyouclaimedthatithaslargestorage.Further,thebattet)'appearstobelosingitspowerveryquickly,asthestandbytime（待机时间）israthershort.AlsoitsBluetoothdoesnotfunctionnormally.PleaseadvisemehowtoobtainthefullrefundandthemethodIshouldusinordertoreturnthisfaultyproduct.Iawaityourreply.Yoursfaithfully,LiMing【补充材料3:电子词典】DearS订orMadam,Iboughtaneleca·onicdictionaryfromyouronlinestoreonJanuary1st,butIfoundithassomeproblemsafterusingitforashortperiodoftime.Tobeginwith,thebatteryneedsrechargingafteramere2hoursofuse.ThismeansthatIneedtocarrymychargerwithmewhenIgooutforaday.Inaddition,thebuttonsontheeleca·onicdictionaryaresosmallthatitisnearlyimpossibletotypeanyt怕ngwiththem.Personally,Ifindthistobecompletelyunacceptable.Therefore,Iwouldlikeeithertochangeforanothermodelthatworkswellorafullrefund.Yourhelpisgreatlyappreciated.Yourssincerely,ZhangWei【补充材料：书】DearFriends,

13Asthehostoftheupcomingreadingsession,Iamwritingtheemailtorecommendmyfavoritebooktoyou,TaoTeChing,whichwaswrittenbyLaoTzu.Theprimarycausesofmyreconunendationareasfollows.Tobegi11with,itisthebest-lovedofalltheclassicalbooksofChinaandthemostuniversallypopular.Inaddition,thebookencapsulatesthemaintenetsofTaoism,andupholdsawayofbeingaswellasaphilosophyandareligion.Moreimportantly,thedominantimageisoftheWay,themysteriouspaththroughthewholecosmosmodeledontheMilkyWaythatt1·aversestheheavens.Ihopetheaboveinformationwillhelpyoutoknowthebook.Ifyouneedanyfurtherinfom1ationaboutit,pleasedonothesitatetocontactme.Yourssincerely,LiMing【补充材料：人】DearSirorMadam,Iamwritingtoyoutorecommendoneofmybestfriends,ZhouBotong,forthispost.Withhisoutstandingleadershipandcheerfulpersonality,hewaselectedchairpersonoftheStudentUnionofFudanUniversityseveraltimes.Busyashewas,hecompletedhismajor,teenagepsychology,withanoutstandingschoolrecord.UpongraduationhewasassignedtobeateacherinFudanMiddleSchool.What'smore,heloveshisjobandenjoysworkingwithchildren.Thishaswonhimgreatpopularityamonghisstudents.Therefore,Idonothesitatetorecommendhimasanidealcandidateforthepostyouadvertised.Iamsureyouwillmakeawisedecisioninhiringhim.Yourstruly,LiMingDearAudrey,Hi!MynameisLiMing.Iamverygladtohavethischancetowritetoyouandbecomepenpals.Letmef订stintroducemyself.I'mcurrentlyworkingasacomputerprogrammerinalargemulti-nationalcompany.IgraduatedfromPekingUniversitywithaBachelor'sDegreeincomputerscience.Myhobbiesincludelisteningtopopmusicandtraveling.Thissummer,1willbetravelingwithMr.YangGuotoNorway.Ifyouarefree,Iwouldbeveryhappytomeetyouinperson.Well,letmefinishhere.Iamaheadyeagerlyawaitingyourreply.Ihopethatwecanbecomegoodfriends.Yourswithlove

14LiMing二、句型升级（一）基本句型回顾基本结构句型感悟l会议将持续两个小时。主谓结构2在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。l.冬季白天短，夜晚长。系表结构2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。3十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。主谓宾结构l.他们成功地完成了计划。2.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。短语动词1他指出了我的作文中的错误。2圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。l他的父母给他取名为John复合宾语结构2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把门推开了。1.这个村子过去只有一口井。Therebe句型2.客人中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3灯亮着，办公室肯定有人。4.从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。1.这本书让孩子们读太难了。2他发现他们坐在桌旁下棋。简单句基本句型3.老人i疑望着照片，陷入了沉思。4.要她用现金买车是不可能的。5.铃响了，让我们开始上课。l.再考努力一下，你肯定能考上重点大学。2.别再粗心了，否则你意识不到会犯同样的错误。并列句基本句型3.天下着雨，因此野餐被延期。4.她以为我正谈论她的女儿，然而事实上我正在谈论我的女儿。5.不是她对了，就是你对了。l今年这所大学将招收更多的学生是真的。2.问题在于他是否在合同上签了字。3你想她为什么突然大哭起来？名词性从句基本句型4.无论谁做应该迅速做好。5.养成良好的学习习惯对我们来说是非常重要的。6亳无疑问现在英语是世界上用得最广泛的语言之一。l他不来北京的理由是下月他们将开科学大会。2.他完成工作的方式令我们吃惊。定语从句3他有改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。4一些想把孩子送出国读书的家长实际上对国外的教育了解甚少。5.居住在房价较高城市的年轻人们承受着很大的经济压力。

151.虽然他是位伟大的科学家，但是他仍保待谦虚而且在大学担任普通教师工作。状语从句2.如果你不想冒失败的危险，你可以试一下。3.鸟飞得越高，我们就越看不消楚。4他一声不吭地坐着，仿佛在沉思。5这女孩弹钢琴不是因为她喜欢弹钢琴，而是因为她父亲强制她学。（二）高分句型中的语法亮点1.复合句JackisfromCanada.Hehasstudiedinourschoolfortheseyears.HeoftenhelpuslearnEnglish.HespeaksChineseve1ywell.上述四个简单句可以转换成如下两个复合句：1.Jackisastudentofourschool,whocomesfromCanada.Hehasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish,andhespeaksChineseverywell.2.JackcomesfromCanada.Heisastudentofourschoolwherehehasstudiedforthreeyears.NotonlydoesheoftenhelpuslearnEnglishbuthespeaksChinesefluentlyaswell.练习：1.Iwillneverforgettheday.OnthisdayI」oinedtheparty.—Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedtheparty.2.Doyoulikethehouse?Itscoloriswhite.Doyoulikethehouse_coloriswhite.3.Thisistheplace.PremierZhouoncelivedhere.—Thisistheplace_Pren:lierZhouoncelived.4.Tomdidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.Hewasill.Thereason_Tomdidn'tcometoschoolyesterdaywas_hewasill.5.Manypeopleintheareaaresho!tofmoney.Thisisaquestion.—Thequestionis_manypeopleintheareaareshortofmoney.6.Themanagersaidalotatthemeeting.Itwasveryattractive.themanagersaidatthemeetingwasve1-yattractive.7.Tonyisoversixtyyearsold.Hestillworksforthepoor.—Tonystillworksforthepoor_heisoversixtyyearsold.2.非谓语形式形式(1)Allthepeopleherelikethenovel.ItiswrittenbyTom.

16(2)Thisisafactory.Itproducesthousandsofcarsamonth.C3)Thefirefighterscamehereintime.Theyhelpedusalot.(4)WeshouldspeakmoreEnglish.Wethinkitisveryimportant.练习1.Everydayitgaveoutalotofpoisonousgas,whichpollutedtheenvironment.2.Whenwesawourteacher,wehadtosaysorryforombeinglate.3.BecausemyEnglishhasgreatlyimproved,I'msureIwillgotoabetteruniversity4.Ididn'treceiveherletter.Ihadtowriteagain.5.Theboyscametoschoollateagain.Thismadetheteacherveryangry.6.Theforeignersarrivedatthefarmatnine.Theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3、倒装句倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。(I)全部倒装是指谓语动词全部提至主语前的倒装，或表示时间、地点、方位的介词或介词短语置于句首引起的倒装。这些介词有：in/on/at/over/from/away/up/down，还有here/there两副词置于句首也能引起全部倒装。如：Herecomesabus.Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。(2)部分倒装可以分为以下九种情况：l)否定词或具有否定意义的短语置千句首引起倒装，如：NeverhadIseensobeautifulgirl.Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.BynomeanswillIgiveupmydream.Undernocircumstancesarechildrenallowedtotellliestop釭ents.

172)only置千副词、从句、状语之前时引起倒装，如：Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingasked小reetimesdidhecometothemeeting.Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.3)省略if的倒装句（虚拟语气之中）。WereIyou,Iwouldapologizetoher4)名词、形容词、副词＋as+主谓，该结构中as可以用though/although引导的让步状语从句来替换。注意：as前的名词不能不定冠词，但换成though/although时必须加上不定冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.4、强诵句Itis血oughcommunicationthatp釭entscanbeongoodtermswiththeirchildren.Itismyparentswhomakemeundertrueloveispriceless.Itisonlyconstanteffortsthatmakeusrealizeourwonderfuldreams.Itisadequatesleepthatmakesusreleasestressesandstrains.（三）句型素材年累1.Nowadavs.theInternet.withitsu,waralleledabilitvtoconnectoeoolethrouf!houttheworld~thewaythatmanypeoplelearnlanguages.2.Thehardliivesofagingmigrantworkers~.3.凡gumenthasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidto亚世~children's~lives.4.Ourfindingshave~d~groupbehavior.5.Sf!letu1enJqyQurcapabilities_onallfront£,rec;_qgn.izingthatweeachhave_differentstren_且thsandweaknesses.6.Likemanyothers,I~her~asascientist.Takingsciencetoage16shouldsimplybeseenaspartof~awell-roundededucation.7.Wewilldiscussanswerstothesequestions,considering~differenttypesofvocabularytestfordifferentteachingcontexts.8.Thisyear,wearerunningthreeworkshops~ourwide-ran~ecialskills...9.Likethetwopoetsandtheirbeliefs,ect.

1810.Healsosaysthathehopesthe"Fame"heseekswillbetheresultofthe"!:!if:!!:.....liled"producedbyhis"crowdedbrain."11.Bycontrast,theworldofnewmaterials~sical.12.Itisver~thesepeopleareprimitive,savageandinhuman,andthattheirconceptofthe'family'isdeeplywrong.13.Thatremarkstartedaclass-wideconversationabouttakingapictureinsteadoftakingnotes.14.TIMEForKids~贮呻anumberofrespectedpartnerstobringyouprogramsthatwillhelpinspireyouandyourstudents.15.Itwouldnotbeanexa~theactualprocessoflearningbeginsatapoint,whichmarkstheendofinstitutionaleducation.16.Itisone~'andmanyscientistsbelieveitisamongtheearliestsignsthatawarmingplanetisst扛tingtoaffectfoodproduction.17.wetailorcoursestoeachK!!!..!!Jl.,s~'creatingauniqueexperienceforourstudents.18.WhenCalifornialawmakersvotedthismonthtoraisethelegalagetobuycigarettesfrom18to21,thejoinedHawaiiandother釭easin~reventvulnerableteena~hooked.19.Genetictesting~thetypesofdiseasestheyaremostlikelytodevelop-butanewstudysuggestsmostpeopledoalterthe订lifestylesbasedonthisinformation.20.Northernrightwhales~butsurvivorsarriveintheBayofFundyeachsummer(MaythroughOctober)tofeedeastofGrandMananIsland.21.Wheretohaveclose-UJ!..encounterswithsomeoftheworld'smostrareanimals?22.MissByrnemademerealizethatIshouldnothidemylight.Thismademe~e位enterawritingcontest.23.Theybelievethathavinganarrowerrangeisadisadvantage,buttheyneedtorealizethatitactuallyoffersthen~e.24.MichaelHeppell,authorofthelatesteditionof"5StarSe1-vice",abookoncustomerservice,hasinterestin~thisdevelopment.25.Idon'tknowifhandwritingwilleverdie.Buttoday,~~ects.26.TheEYsurveysuggeststhat,inthenextdecadeorso,theopportunityforalifeoutsidetheofficewillbecomeanevenb~thanitalreadyis.27.Customsandt:i·aditionspreventcertainsectionsofsocietyfrom~ndamental竿andblockthewell-beingofsociety,shatterthebasicideasofeducationandsocialawareness.

1928.Education.thesociety.29.Ourobservationofgravitationalwaves~oalsetoutoverfivedecadesagotodirectlydetectthispuzzlingphenomenonandbetterunderstandtheuniverse,and,properly,~'S~the100thanniversaryofhisgeneraltheoryofrelativity30.ItconfinnsamajorpredictionofAlbertEinstein's1915generaltheoryofrelativityandQJ!..!!..!l1J1uni~theuniverse...31.Butit'sworthbearin~earningthemoneyinthefirstplacewillstillrequirethesameeffort.32.Contactlesspayments~-33.Iseeabetter-plannedand~ofthedistrictgovernment.34....andthedevelopmentofoutdoor~inJiading'sAntingTown,suchastheFlcarracing,horseridingandgolf.35.AndBaker's"Jiading"~thesix.36.Nowadays,fewerpeopleareworkingintheirlocaltowns,sohowdothey~belonging?37.Makingfriendsonthewayhelpstravellersfeelmoreorlessathome.38.Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifeto~'weshallneverbeableto~orthe包·39.Chancesareyou'llseeplentyofthem比迪thelrheadsdown,tappingthescreensoftheirtabletsortextin~hones.40.Unfortunately,despite2yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"~s~o~:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.41.People~choose」ogging,playingbasketball,swimming,skating,climbingorridingastheirregularexercisesbecauseexercises~etic.42.C切~sufferagreatdealfrom~,suchasnoiseandairpollution,业生inthecountry,~,onemayfeelisolatedorbored.43.Weoftenhearfrustratedparentscomp佃nthattheirchildrenare~whilemanyachildwouldsooftensaythathisorherparentsarejust~ashioned.44.Coveringallkindsoftopicsfromdailylifetopoliticalissues,fromindividualthoughtstoworldevents,Microblogsofferreadersanythingtheymightbeinterestedin.45.~,theChinesepeoplehavecreatedtheirownuniquecustomsandtraditions,and~enerationtothenext.

2046.Alonelyhearttendstoregard~fromotherpeopleasthegreatesthappiness,andaman~awheelchairwillhavenootherwishthantowalklikeanormalperson.47.Today,whetherinBangkok,BeijingorBerlin,theroadsoftheworld'smostpopulouscities红且morecrowdedwithmotorvehiclesthanatanyothertimeinhistory.48.Anadvantageofonlineshoppingisthatitallowspeopletofmdthecheapestprice~oithemouse.49.Internettechnologyisbecomingincreasinglyadvancedanditsdevelopmentisindeedeye-catching.50.Shoddyproductswouldexposetheconsumerstohealthandsafetyrisks.51.China'slowermortalityrate,whencombinedwiththe~'hasresulted!!l:....!!:....a~,whichwillleadtoa~rob/emfortheChinesegovernment.52.Thereisagrowingrecognitionamonghighschoolstudentsthatpeoplewithawide-ranginghobbieswillhaveacompetitiveadvantageoverthosewithless.53.Ontheonehand,~theInternetiscurrentlyoneofthemostefficientmediaforinterJlersonalcommunication.54.Althoughphysicaleducationisapartofadolescenteducation,agoodmanystudents亚throu~withoutdevelopingalastinginterestinsports.55.Mentalillnessisoftendifficulttorecognizeandevenmoredifficulttotreatifapersonisn'tawareofhisorherillness.56.Alargenumberofpeopleconsideruniversityeducationas~goodjobsandhighsalaries.57.Althoughspending10to15hoursaweekonlinedoesn'tseemtotakeuptoomuchtime,itstillreducesthetimethatshouldotherwisebespentstudying.58.While~isacrucialqualitythateveryoneshouldstrivetodevelop,itisalsovitalthatwele釭nhowtoacceptother'shelp.59.Thecrazeforgoingabroadforfurtherstudyhasbecomeaphenomenonthatcannotbeignored,andhasstirredaheateddebate.60.Themediacouldplayanactiverolein~cientmeasures.61.Anotherharmfulhumanactivityisour~tionofthelimitedfarmlandwithoutallowinglandthetimeittakesto~nun·ients.62.Urbanizationhassomenegativeef~effectsonsocietyas~competeforlimitedresources.

2163.Asagreenlifestyle,alow-carbonlife~lowenergyconsumption,therebyreducingCO2emissions.64.Thefundamentalwayinwhichthegovernmentaddressestheproblemofenvironmentalpollutionistoraisetheenvironmentalawarenessofthepublic.65.Ourcitiesarebecomingincreasinglypollutedasthenumberofcarscontinuestoriseandcaremissionsshownosignofeasing.66.AsignificantissueofChina'shousingboomisaconsiderableincreaseinhousingprices,whichposesenormouschallengesatbothcentralandlocalgoverrunentlevels.67.~trafficaccidentsoccur,leadingtoinjuriesanddeathsofdrivers,~ersandpedestrians.68.Theonandislikelytothreatenhundredsofspecieswithextinction~earstocome.69.ThechallengestheChineseeducationsystemfacesareenormousbyworldstandards.70.Runninganewassociationisavaluablelea面ngexperienceands灼11builder.71.Aslittleprofessionalknowledgeisrequired,anyonecancreatehisorherownmicroblogasheorshewishes,whichenablesmillionsofpeopletohaveavoiceandconnectwithothers.72.farecentdecades,however,somepeoplehave~concernedthatChina'sculturalheritagecould~oreven~.73.Anadditionalreasonthatmakesitdifficultforordinarypeopletounderstandthetruemeaningofhappiness•••.74.Duetothelowerairquality,~andotherlung-relatedillnesses竺considerabl~ecitiesthaninruralareas.75.Whetheryouai·ereadingabookinyournativetongueoraforeignlanguage,youcanalwaysenhance~eskills76.Actionsofacademicdishonesty~~auniversi”77.Althoughplasticsurgeryhasbecomesaferinrecentyears,physicalriskshavenot皿alto且~thereliminated.78.Tourismprovidesopportunitiesforresidentstointeractwithotherpeople,lifestylesandcultures.79.Goverrunentregulations~nedtolookaftertheinterestsoftheconsumers.80.Goodcareerdecisionsrequiregoodinformation—aboutyourpersonaltraitsandpreferencesandabouttheworldofwork.

2281.Weshouldalwayskeepupwiththedevelopmentofsociety,orwewillbeweededoutintheruthlessratrace.82.Althoughitisatriumphofdevelopment,populationaging且竿socialandeconomicchallen;,皿individuals,familiesandsocieties.83.WithpeoplespendingmoreoftheirtimeplayingInternetgames,lesstimeisspentonphysicalexercise,leadingtoobesityandotherhealthproblems.84.Thisisinevitablebecauseoursisasocietywhereyourincome~theknowledgeyoupossess.85.Asateenager,IgetonlineeverydaytodiscussaboutnewswithotherpeopleonMicroblog,旦stud~byenrollinginonlinecourses,~friends.86.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandc伍ldrenmust~-87.Thefinalreasonfor~is~national11..ride.88.Tobepsychologicallyhealthy,~roblems叨dnotafraidtoseekhelpifnecessary.89.fasuchasituation,.and~sittingarounduntilthey釭e"saved"byothers.90.Themediashoulddevotemorecovera~it1society,whoquietlycommittheirtimeandmoneytothegeneralpublic.91.Stopwastingenergyand~suchassolarenergyandwindenergy.92.Peo,alsoknownasreducingcarbonfootprint.93.Envinvironmentalprotectioniscaringababoutourselvesand~血nab山”forfuturegenerations.94.Theadvantageofautomobilesbecomesevidentifyoutryimagininglifewithoutthem.95.Morebusroutesshouldbe~sothatwecanreducethenumberofbikesandcarsontheroads.

23笫二部分图画作文一、写作基本思路导读~-----三层次，十模块1、第一层次：开门见山，引出话题；提出本文要讨论的事件，或定义基本概念。从漫画或图片中揭示话题直接给定中心话2、第二层：四种可选择的发展关系lM2MlM3M4解释定义现状描写明确问题利弊优劣举例实证寓意阐释原因分析正反观点个人经历社会影响情感倾向3、第三层：结论总结重申主题解决问题再次评论预测展望TIPS:O若命题人已经给定文章的写作要点，应将所给的写作要点作为写作提纲，再按照第二层次来扩展写作的具体思路。＠在扩展的过程中应尽量规避不熟悉的内容，尤其是常识性的内容。＠完成上述步骤后，形成腹稿。二、各层次的帝用表达（一）各层次常用词汇l、各种逻辑关系的常用表达（参考词汇熟谙篇）2、态度情感表达（参考词汇熟谙篇）3、评论（参考词汇熟谙篇）（二）各层次（段落）常用句型

241第一段：图画（图表）描述语段：(1)第—层：总体描写(1-2句，第一段主题句。人物／动物／事物＋动作＋环境，或人物＋服装＋表情。图画作文第一段一般是图画描述，不应发表太多议论，否则后文又得重复这些议论。）（夕/\>文化“火锅＂，既美味又营养（图片中的文字为：佛、絊构、人本、功夫、毕界、饮、礼、终点又是新起点后见代、老令、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦、道、仁、天鹉湖、启蒙、京剧等）【例l图】【例2图】\\\\.\\`｀＼舌\\.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\勹；｀0＼飞于二e。温室花朵经不起风雨【例3图】你我一起．走南闯北。手机时代的“聚会”【例4图】【例5图】

25【例l】Asisvividl~aboyisrunningontheplayground/makingthefinalspurtalongtheracetrack.（正如呈现给我们的图中生动地描绘的那样，一个男孩在橾场上跑步／在跑道上冲刺。）【例2】Asiss~thereisaboilinghotpotcontainingvariousingredientsofmufti-cultures.（如图象征性所示，一口沸腾的火锅中拥有诸多多元文化元素。）【例3】Thisseto~thedestinyofadelicateflowerunderdifferent.（这些图画生动地描绘了一朵娇弱的鲜花在不同环境中的命运。）【例4】Asissubtl~twohandicappedyoungmenarewalkingtowardstheirdestinationwithvigorousstrides,leavingalltheircrutchesbehind.（正如漫画巧妙地描绘的一样，两个残疾年轻人正在大步流星朝着他们的目的地前进，把拐杖都抛在了身后。）【例5】Asisshowninthe~fouryoungstersaresittingatatable,readytohavedinner.（女口图所示，四个年轻人正坐在桌旁准备吃饭。）(2)第二层：细节描写（可选，1-2句，抓住图中特征性的细节，挖掘细节词，联结成句，1-2句。【例l】Afteralongjourney,heismakingthefinalspurttowardthefinishingline,sweatpouringdownhisface.Straightaheadliesasignwhichindicatesanew"startingpoint"andencourageshimtocontinuerushingtothenextdestination.（经过长途跋涉之后，他朝着终点进行最后的冲刺，汗水淌下脸庞。在他面前有一个标志，显示着新的“起点”并且激励他继续向着下一个目标冲刺。）【例2】ButdifferentfromthetraditionalChinesehotpot,inwhichyouseebeeforlamb,luncheon

26meat,mushrooms,andavarietyofvegetables,it1thishotpotarevarious"culturalfoodstuffs"ofbothChineseandforeignorigins:Confucius,Aristotle,andShakespeare,Taoism,GreekMythology,etc.（但是与可以看到牛羊肉、午餐肉、蘑菇和各色蔬菜的传统中式火锅不同，在这个火锅里是各种源自中外的“文化食材”：孔子、亚里士多德、莎士比亚、道、希腊神话等等。）【例3】Inthe~theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousewhichprotectsitfromthethreateningstorm.~whenitisexposedtothedrivingrain,thefragrantflowersoonfadesandwithers,withfallenpetalsontheground.（在第一幅图中，这朵鲜花被放在舒适的温室中，免于可怕的风币侵袭。这朵芳香的花朵迅速凋谢枯萎，相反，当它暴露在暴币之下时，花瓣散落一地。）【例4】Thehardshipofdisab山tybeingnolongeranobstacleonthemjourney,theysupporteachotherwithfirmhandsandproceedsteadily.（他们互相有力地搀扶着彼此并稳步前进，残疾已经不再是他们路途上的障碍。）【例5】Unfortunately,insteadofdrinkingandeatinginfrontofavarietyofdeliciousandnutritiousdishes,eachofthemisholdingamobilephoneandst缸ingatthescreen,withnothoughtofchattingoreatingatall（不幸的是，面对很多美味营养的饭菜，他们并未吃喝，而是每人拿着一只手机盯着屏幕，丝毫不想聊天或吃饭。）2.主体段，意义阐释段：3层(1)第一层：揭示寓意(1句，也可以放在第一段段末）【例l】The_cartfJonconveysthemeaningthatlifeisliketheprocessofrunninginwhichoneshouldmakeconstanteffortsandneverstopmakingprogress.（这幅图画揭示了人生就像跑步的过程，需要不断付出努力，永不停止进步。）【例2】Theaimoi..J!:lg_p_ictureistoillustratethatfortheconstructionoftheChineseculturenowand

27thefuture,materialsofbothChineseandforeignfeatures~.（这幅漫画旨在告诉我们为了构建中国文化以及未来，具有中外特色的物质不可或缺。）【例3】Undoubted/~aseriousprobleminourdailylife,i.e.parents'dotingcaretoonlychildreninthecurrentsociety.（毫无疑问，这些图画象征性地显示了我们日常生活中的一个严重问题：当代社会父母对独生子女的溺爱。）【例4】Itiisacooperationinourdailylife.（漫画作者显然是要提醒我们日常生活中合作的重要性。）【例5】Fromthe~mobilephoneshaveexertedadeepinfluenceono山dailylife.（从漫画中，很容易得出结论：手机对我们的日常生活已经产生了很深的影响。）(2)第二层：结合现实，交代背景(1句，可选，主要交代事件或问题发生的时代背景或环境）【例l】OSimleasitiswhattheictureconvestousisthouht-rovokin.Withthedevelo~仇competitionisincreasinglyfierce.（尽管这幅图画很简单，但它传达了发人深思的含义。随着经济和社会的发展，竞争日，斩激烈。）@Owintotheuickeninaceoliecometitionoesincreasinlierceinallwalkso且，stimulatingeveryonetopursueonegoalafter扣1other.【例2】The~insteadofbeingoutdatedandoflittlevalueinarapidlymodernizingworld,•·（画家的目的是告诉我们，在迅速现代化的世界里，文化融合并未过时或失去价值，相反还应受到鼓励和保护。）【例3】

28Thereisnoden~manyteenagersundertheirparents'overprotectionaretoovulnerabletofaceuptofailuresandfrustrationsinreallife.（不可否认，很多青少年在父母的过度保护下，显得太脆弱以致于不能面对现实生活中失败和挫折。）【例4】（略）【例5】OLiketheInternetmobilehoneshavebrouhtalotoconveniencetoourlie.（和网络一样，手机给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利。）®Nowadays,cellvhones,withitsunvaralleledabilitytoconnectveovlethrou}!houttheworld,ischangingpeople'slifeswle.（如今，手机以其无与伦比的连接全世界人的能力，正在改变着人们的生活方式。）【小结：“结合现实，交代背景”的常用表达】CD~'idolworship~theadolescents（随着全球化的进展，偶像崇拜在青少年中非常流行。）@~youngstersinmountingnumberschoosetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.（随着社会和经济的迅速发展，越来越多的年轻出国深造。）@Withthereormandoenin-uinrecentdecadesinChinaagrowingnumberofpeoplemakeoverseaspurchase.（随着中国近几十年来的改革开放，越来越多人去海外购物。）(3)第三层：论述层（根据题目要求写作，一般来说主要有：＠举例论证（包括结合自身的经历进行说明，引用数据等）；＠因果论证（分析原因，结果或影呴）；＠正反论证。）【例1：举例论证】Acaseinl!!ll!!l.i§_thesuccessfullaunchingof"ShenzhouVSpacecraft",whichsetsChinainahighpositionofaviationandspaceflight.AlthoughitmeansagreatachievementforusChinese,wearefacingnewchallengesinthefutureandneedtodofurtherresearchit1spacetechnology.Anotherillustrationiscloselyrelatedtous,theexaminees.Ifwepassthistestandarefortunately

29admittedbyauniversity,weshallnotstopmakingefforts.Instead,westillhavetostriveforsuccessinomfutureacademicstudy,employmentandcareer.【小结：“举例说明”的常用表达】@Here,Iwouldliketotakemypersonalexperienceforexample.ITake…forexample,…@Theremaybenobetterexampleofthisthanthefollowingone.®~ointisthat…@Accordintotherecentsurve/data/lure/statistics/studbtheChineseAcademoSocialScienceJ.70%ofteenagersinChinaworshipsuperstars.@~rinstance【例2:因果论证】Thepurposeofthecartoonististoshowthatinsteadofbeingoutdatedandoflittlevalueinarapidlymodernizingworld,culturalblendingshouldbeencouragedandmaintained.~坦吗mosaicculturesarepartoftheuniversalheritageofhumanityandtheyarepowerfulmeansofbringingtogetherdiversepeoplesandsocialgroups.~culturalintegrationhasbecomeindispensableasameansofIl.!1!.!!1!2.!ifurtherculturedevelopmentandmaintenance.Ontheother三forChinaandmanyotherrapidlydevelopingcountries,thereisadangerthatage-oldcustomsandtraditions血becomelostintheshadowsofmodernization.（一方面，多元文化作为全体人类遗产的一部分，是将不同人群和社会群体融合的有力方式。因此，文化融合作为促进文化发展和保护的一种方式，已经不可或缺。另一方面，对于中国和其他快速发展的国家来说，古老的习俗和传统面临着在现代化阴影里消失的危险。）【小结：“因果论证”的常用表达】CDTherearemanvreasonstriJ!J!erinJ!thisphenomenonandthefollowinJ!arethetypicalones.Thefjrstoneisthat.（理由一）．Thesecondisthat（理由二）．ThethirdreasonisthatIAcasein~leisthat（理由三）．@Severalfactorscanaccountforthiswidespreadphenomenon.Themostcontributingoneis/

30themainreasonisnootherthan（理由一）．Whatismore,（理由二）．（理由三）also~roleinthiscase.【例3:正反论证】Ontheonehand,cientmediaused~.~.agoodmanypeopleadmitthattheyaretoomuchaddictedtotheInternettomaintainface-to-facecontactwiththeirfliendsandcolleagues.Once~.peoplefeelreluctanttoapproachothersandtoconcentrateontheirreallife.~somepeoplehavelostthe订communicationabilityandgetalienatedfromothers.（一方面，不可否认网络目前是人际交流最高效的媒介之一。但另一方面，很多人也承认他们太过沉迷于网络而无法与朋友和同事进行面对面交流。一旦沉迷于虚幻世界，人们就不愿接近他人或将精力集中在现实生活上。这就是一些人丧失了沟通能力并与他人疏远的原因。）【小结：“正反论证”的常用表达】O段落主题句：1)0.2)Peo~dividedon/over…©支持（货成）方：1)Therearesomeindividualsar~…isofgreatimportance/bene肛2)AnumberofindividualsfavorIadvocate…basedonthefollowinf!viewooints).3)Thosewhoarein~eriorto....＠反对方：1)Evenso~erentviewthatcarriessomerisks/doubts.2)0thers,however,regarditdifferently.3)Advantaf!eousIBeneficialIRewardinf!IGoodIPooularasitis.othershaveanoooositeperspective.(4)第四层：总结层(1句，可选，对上文的论述进行总结，评论）【例1】

31In•teamspit-itisthemostessentialqualificationthatanyonewhowantstoachievesuccessshouldpossess.（事实上，人们普遍认为，团队精神是任何想要荻得成功的人都应该具备的最基本的素质。）【例2】Thiswould_beu，心rtunatebecausewewillbecomesoaddictedtothevirtualworldthatwe血ghtneverbeexposedtosocialinteractions.（这将是不幸的，因为我们将完全沉溺于手机，以至于可能再也不会进行社会交际。）【小结：“主体段总结”的常用表达】OApparently/Evidently/Obviously/(Un)Fortunately,..®~arentIevidentIobviousthat…®Itseemsthat...@~edthat…@Itisgenerally(commonly)believed/thought…3.结论，建议（措施），展望段：（3句，三层）(1)第一层：结论句（总结前两段，同时做最后一段的主题句）【例l】Onthebasisocooperationandteamworkreallycountinthiscompetitivesociety.（根据以上分析，我们可以得出结论：在这个充满竞争的社会中，合作和团队协作真的很重要。）【例2】In~multj-culturescanbekeptalivebythepeoplewiththetimetodoso,andisextremelyvitalinensuringacommunity'sfuturedevelopmentandprosperity.（在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能够长存。这对确保将来社会的繁荣和发展至关重要。）【例3】

32Fromthe•themobilephone,asanincreasinglypopulartoolofcommunication,hasbothitsupsidesanddownsides.（从上述讨论中可以得出一个显而易见的结论：手机作为人们之间愈加流行的交流方式，既有优点也存在不足。）【小结：“结论句＂的常用表达】OAsaconsequence,itisimperativeforusto比keeffectiveactions.（因此，我们急需采取有效措施。）®Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositive(negative)implicationsfromthesethought-provo灼ngdrawings（总之，我们很有必要从这些发人深省的图画中获得积极的含意。）@Inmvooinion.itisimoerativeforustotakedrasticmeasurestoreversethe~illustratedinthepictures.（在我看来，我们迫切需要采取严厉措施扭转这些图画中所反映的负面趋势。）@~thewholeofthehumanrace.（这幅简单的图画是对全人类的一个警钟。）@~useInternetinareasonablewayandresti·ainfromoverindulgence.（因此，我们必须以合理的方式使用互联网，避免滥用。）@Fromwhathavebeendiscussed/aruedsomeeectiveandurentmeasuresshouldbetakento...(2)第二层：建议（措施）句（注意情态动词can/should/must的运用）【例1】~frequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemoreindependentinlife.~besensibleenoughtogivetheirchildrenmorefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.（一方面，我们可以不断用图画去启发年轻人在生活中自立自强。另一方面，父母应该采取理智做法，给子女更多自由，让他们去面对烦恼和问题。）【例2】Hence~workharmoniouslywithourcompanionsineveryattempttowai·dsourgoals.~trainourkidstocooperatewithothers.（因此，在为了实现目标所做的每次努力中，我们都要和同伴默契合作。此外，训练我们的下

33一代与他人合作是必不可少的。）【例3】~themobilephone竺且beusedinmanyproductiveandusefulways.~peoplewholackself-control,suchasadolescents,卫监llimitthetimetheyspendondigitalproducts，红theiracademicworkandsociallifewilleventuallypaytheprice.（诚然，通过使用手机人们能做很多有益的事情，但那些缺乏自制力的人，比如未成年人，必须要控制使用数码产品的时间，否则他们的学业和社会交往就会受到影响，并最终为此付出代价。）(3)第三层：展望句（注意倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气的运用）【例1】~morechallengesandtoilsinadversity~lecultivatestrongpersonalityandability,~becomewinnersinthiscompetitiveworld.（只有在逆境中经历更多的挑战和磨炼，他们才能培养出坚强的个性和优秀的能力。也只有这样做，他们才会在充满竞争的世界里走向成功。）【例2】Itishi~people'sawarenesstorectifythisbytakingtheenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration.（是时候加强人们的意识，通过多加考虑环境保护因素来改变这一现状了。）【例3】Obviouslv.ifoarents'actionsdon'tconflictwiththeirownwords.thevwouldhavetheo~tobeoutstandingexamplesoftheirchildren.Justasanoldsayinggoes,"Actionspeakslouderthanwords."（总之，父母是最好的老师。显而易见，如果父仕们言行一致，他们就可能会成为孩子们杰出的榜样。正如谚语所说：“行胜于言。”)【例4】~persistentwork~yourgraspingaconsiderablevocabulary.（总而言之，只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大量词汇。）

34笫三部分图表作文一．图表作文攻略图表作文是写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型，故考生应对此类题型加强练习，熟练掌握。（一）写作要点考生应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，看准、看清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。考生应该仔细观察、分析图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要、最有代表性、最核心的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。考生应切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。以下写作要点更应注意。图表题型写作一般用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。图表题型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表达法，考生应对此融会贯通。图表题型可以细分为表格图、曲线图、柱状图和饼状图。除了上述共同要点，考生还应弄懂这四种图各自在写作方面的特点。表格图题型要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。曲线图题型要求考生认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。柱状图题型要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，故考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。饼状图题型旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切块的圆形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体、部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。列出各段的主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路，严格围绕主题旬展开段落。检查与修改。图表作文的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。

35（二）各类型图表写作策略1.表格图(table)(1)特点：数据多，点到为止，useasfewfiguresaspossible(2)策略：首尾呼应法。只看第一点和最后一点数据，只点首尾，说清即可。中间的非典型性数据不用提及。2.饼状图(piechart)所有图表中最简单的一种，只需掌握两个词组：(1)由……组成：consistof,bemadeupof,becomposedof(2)占多大比例：accountfor,make/takeup3.柱状图(barchart/columnchart)纵横推论：纵坐标一般为数据，横坐标一般是年代，抓住首尾两端数据，中间年代点到为止。4.柱状图(linechart/linegraph)考查图表数据及术语是否表达到位。（三）经典图表术语1.增加，上升，提高(1)动词:in'crease,grow,rise,climb,expand,jump,leap,ascend,skyrocket,accumulate,surge,soar,swell(2)词组：goIpushup,post/register/manageamoderate/smallgain,gainamomentum,continueitsupwardtrend,ontherise/increase/ascendance(3)名词：increase,rise,growth,expansion,pickup,gain,accumulation,ascendance,leap,jump,clUnb2.减少，下降(1)动词：decrease,decline,fall,drop,reduce,descend,diminish,dwindle,plunge,plummet,dip,slump,slide,shrink,collapse(2)词组：godown,drop/falloff,takeadip,continueitsdownwardtrend,onthedecline

36(3)名词：decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,crawl,slump,s陌nkage,dip,drop,fall3.剧烈，显著，明显(1)昌1Ji司：dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,alarmingly,significantly,enormously,steeply,massively,incredibly,hugely,amazingly,substantially(2)i司纣且：atanalarmingrate,byleapsandbounds,inbigleaps,byamassiveleap,byawidemargm4.逐渐，缓慢(1)副词：gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,marginally,slowly,moderately(2)i司纣且：inamoderateway,bytheleastamount5.保持平稳，不变remainstable/steady/unchanged6.起伏，波动riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetween...and…,aminorfluctuation,smallrisesandfalls/fluctuations模板详解（一）总体框架结构1.Introduction:引言／起始段，图表描述段，3句。(1)Generaldescription:总体描述，1句。(2)Details1、2,3:挖掘细节词、联结成句，2句。2.Body:主体／拓展段，原因列举段，5句。(1)Topicsentence:主题句，l句。(2)Argument：因果论证，3旬。l)原因一；2）原因二；3）原因三(3)小结：概括论证，总结本段，l句，可不写。3.Conclusion:结论段，归纳结论段，2句。(1)Concludingsentence:结论句，l句。(2)包装结尾，展望未来：l句。

37（二）各层次经典模板句4其他15%35培养独立能力6%O心elopedcoontrics广交朋友奴Ode代lopingcountries缓解压力33%20062008Mobile-phoneSubstriplion1(bUllo呐eIr)某高校学生旅游目的调查【例l图】【例2图】20年间中国城镇人口、乡村人口变化图聚会吃饭2吹巾位（百万）其他20'/4900800700600500交通2()0/4城镇人口400·乡村人门300200祈年礼物4吹100。1990年2000年2010年我国某市居民暑节假饼花销比例【例3图】【例4图】1.首段引出话题(1)第一层：总体描述，不应发表太多议论。第一段发表议论属千跑题，第一段主题句。【例1】Asisshowninthecha旦，mobilephonesubscriptions~-如图表所示，从2000年到2008年，手机人网数急剧增长。【例2】The•theresidents'spendingduringtheSpringFestivalVacation~.上述饼状图清楚地揭示了中国某市居民春节假期的花销比例。【例3】

38Thecolumnchartaboveclear[~theurbanandruralpopulationinChina~．上述柱状图清楚地揭示了过去二十年之间中国城镇和乡村人口数据发生的变化。【例4】This~thepml)osesofstudents'touringmacer即numvers1tymatch"ofcaringtheirhelplessfatherontheplayground.这幅饼状图清楚地揭示了某高校大学生的旅游目的。(2)第二层：挖掘细节词，联结成句。【例1】Wecanalso~developingcounti·iesare~rowth.Accordin~,mobile-phonesubscriptionnumber~thatis~0.5billionto4billion,whilethatofdevelopedcountriesonlyincreasedtwicefromaround0.5billionto1billion.我们也能看出发展中国家是这一急剧增长的驱动力。按照图表所示，从2000年到2008年，手机入网量增长了七倍，从大约五亿增长到四十亿，而发达国家的手机入网量只增长了一倍，从大约五亿增长到十亿。【例2】Fromthestatistics•NewYearpresents•whereasthedataoftransport,gatheringanddining,aswellasothers~about20%~-根据给出的数据，我们可以得出结论．新年礼物开支所占百分比在四种类别最高，大约为40%；而交通、聚会吃饭和其他的开支比例各占20%。【例3】ForurbandweJlers,~360million1竺300millionto660million~1990也~2010.~occurredintheruralpopulation纽150mil1ion.fr!m1820million包670million~eriod.自1990到2010年，城镇人口从3亿急剧上升到6.6亿，增加了3.6亿。相反，在同一时

39期，乡村人口的数量发生了急剧下降，从8.2亿减少到6.7亿，减少了1.5亿。【例4】Asisre~,37percentofcollegestudentstravel!!!:...lL.lli4.appreciatingthescenery,~theaimofrelievingpressure,accountingfor33%percent.~the~studentstt·avellingaimingatothers,makingfriendsandcultivatingindependence~15%,9%and6%~.如图表所示，37％的大学生为了欣赏风景而旅游，接下来是为了缓解压力的目的，占了33%。相反，为了其他、广交朋友、培养独立能力旅游的大学生百分比分别各占15%,9％和6%。2.主体段（拓展段，原因列举段，5句）(1)第一层：主题句【例l】Ithinktherearetwomainreasons~我认为造成这种巨大的对比有两个主要原因。【例2】Thefundamentalfactorsthatcontr访utetotheaforementionedtendencvmavbesummar~.造成上述现象的主要原因可以概括如下。【例3】Atleastthree~-至少三个主要原因造成了上述变化。【例4】Several..一些主要原因可以解释这种现象。

40(2)第二层：论证，原因列举。【例1】~'developingcounti·ieshavemuch1缸gerpopulationthandevelopedcountries.匡~.ChinaandIndianearlyhavehalfofthetotalpopulationoftheworld.Chinahasthemostmobile-phoneusersrightnow,~om2000to2008.ItisthesameinIndiaandotherdevelopingcountries.~'developingcounti·ies~economic~-~.peopleinmostdevelopingcountriesarericherandricher,especiallyinChina.Sotheycanaffordtobuysuchnecessities,inclu山ngmobile-phone,asthepricescontinuedtodropgreatlyinthepastyears.首先，发展中国家比发达国家拥有更为庞大的人口。例如，中国和印度几乎拥有世界总人口的一半。中国目前拥有最多的手机用户，从2000年到2008年增长迅猛。印度和其他发展中国家也是如此。其次，发展中国家近年来经历了强劲的经济增长。因此，大多数发展中国家的人们越未越富裕，尤其在中国。由于在过去几年中价格持续大幅下跌，他们可以买得起包括手机在内的这些必需品了。【例2】Tostartwith.,aNewYeargift皿ghtbememorable~thespecialoccasionwhenpeoplegiveittoyou.Ifthepresentissomethingthatonlyyourbestfriendknewyouhadwanted,youwillneverforgetit,sinceitshowstheclosenessofyourrelationshipwiththatfriend纽~.festivalpresentsmightbeunforgettablesincetheyarerelatedtosignificanteventsinyourlife.Forinstance~thefirstNewYeargiftmybestfriend,Leo,gaveme.首先，一份春节礼物之所以令人难忘，是因为送礼物的时机本身很特别。如果只有最好的朋友才知道你想要那份礼物，并把它送给了你，你一辈子都不会忘记，因为这份礼物代表着你们两人深厚的友谊。其次，春节礼物之所以令人难忘，是因为这些礼物与生命中的重大事件相关。比如，我还记得我最好的朋友列奥送给我的第一份新年礼物。【例3】~,~amuchnicerchoiceofoptionsavailableincitiesandtowns,acrosstheboard.~morejobstochoosefrom,differentkindsofcompaniesandtypesofwork.~,bigcitiesoffermuchmoreexcitementandstimulation,~allthevariousoptionsavailableinsomanyareas.~,~ertoliveincitiesandtownsfortheconvenienceofthetJ.·ansportationsystem.Theyusuallyhaveawelldevelopedbus,

41subway,highwayandairporttransportationnetwork.首先且最重要的是，几乎在所有的城镇，都有许多更好的选择。有更多可供选择的工作，有各种不同的公司和工种。其次，大城市可以提供更多令人感到兴奋、刺激的事物，部分原因就是由于在这些地方有各种各样的选择。更为重要的是，由于交通系统的便捷性，人们更喜欢住在城镇。城镇通常有更为发达的公交、地铁、高速、机场等交通网络。【例4】Inthefirstplace,travelcanofferusawiderangeofexperiences.Intravelling,wemay」ointouristsmarvelingattheincrediblepowerofNiag扣·aFalls,minglewiththehappythrongsstrollingintheParisboulev缸dsandexperiencethebitternessandjoyofpeopleondifferentlandsandindifferenttimes.Inthesecondplace,collegestudents,whohavetojuggleacademicwork,romanticrelationshipsandabusysocialcalendar,areparticularlysusceptibletopressure.Bytouring,theycansuccessfullymanageandreducestress.一方面，旅游能够充实我们的人生经历。在旅行中，我们可以和游客一起，赞叹尼亚加拉瀑布那雷霆万钧之势，和喜洋洋的人群一起穿过巴黎的林荫大道，还可以体验不同时代、不同国土上人们的酸钳苦辣。另一方面，大学生不得不应对学习、恋爱和繁忙的社交日程，很容易感受到压力。通过旅游，他们可以成功地应对并缓解压力。3.结论段(1)第一层：结论句【例1】Thusdevelopingcountries,peopleinthesecountriescanbuymoreproducts.因此，我们可以得出结论：随着发展中国家经，开的强劲增长，这些国家的人们能购买更多的产品。【例2】~,peoplespendalotonSpringFestivalpresents~reasons.总之，人们在新年礼物上花销巨大是出于多种原因。

42【例3】Generallvsoeakinf!.oeooleinexoandinf!numberswouldorefertoliveincitiesandtowns•forjobs,leisure,culturalorintellectualactivities.总之，越来越多的人更愿意选择居住在城镇。城镇可以提供丰富的选择机会，无论是工作、娱乐、文化还是智力活动方面。(2)第二层：包装结尾，展望未来【例l】且peoplecouldimbuethemselveswithintelligence,prudenceanddiscretion,Iamsurethatmostofthemwillbeabletosidestepthepotentialdrawbacksofmobilephonesaswellastakeadvantageofallthemerits.假如人们多动脑、谨慎些、具有判断力，我确信大多数人都能克服手机的弊端，并且利用其优势。【例2】Mosto~specialpresentsastheygiveyouasignificantsenseofpersonalworth.最重要的原因是特别的礼物会带给你无比的自尊。【例3】Atthesametime.J......!l!.fllliketheenergyandstimulationofabigcityenvironmentandtheconvenienceofawell-developedn·ansportationsystem.同时，人们喜欢大城市的能量和刺激，以及高度发达的交通系统所带来的便利。【例4】Takin~诅~,~withthequickeningpaceofcampuslifeandever-increasingpressure,thenumberofuniversitystudentstouring~

43~decade.考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以预计：随着校园生活节奏的加快和日益增大的压力，旅待的大学生数量在未来几年将持续增加。l．第一题关注心理健康Asisshowninthecaricature,wearingahospitalgownandholdingatransfusionsupport,anastonishedpatientisrunningawayfromahorribleopenmouthwithgleamingfangs.Insidethegiantmouth,fourChinesecharactersappear:mentalproblems.Thepictureimpliesthatpeople邱afraidofmentalproblemsasiftheyarescarymonsters.Butbelowthecartoon,thereisacaptionwhichsays:"Attentionshouldbegiventopsychologicalhealth".Asthelivingstandardimproves,peoplearepayingmoreattentiontotheirhealthconditions.Itistruethatphysicalfactorsaffectone'shealthagreatdeal,butatthesametime,weshouldnotneglectourmentalhealth.Inthepast,peopleloathedtoberelatedwithmentalproblems,yetscientificresearchhasproventhatanger,suspicionandanxietydogreatharmtoourbody,whilebeingoptimisticcancurece1taindiseases.Wehavealsoheardthatagreatmanyoptimisticpeoplelivemuchlongerthandoctorspredictedaftertheyhavebeendiagnosedincurablediseases.Therefore,weshouldattachimportancetoourmentalhealth,andifwehavepsychologicalproblems,weshouldfacethembravelyandresolvethemassoonaspossible.Inmypointofview,mentalhealthisasimportantasphysicalhealthtous,andtomakepeoplehealthierbothphysicallyandmentally,thereisnootherwaythanadoptingapositiveattitudetowardlife.如图所示，一位惊恐的病人身穿病号服、拖着输液架，正在逃离一张有着寒光凛凛撩牙的血盆大口。在这张大口里面，有四个汉字：心理问题。这张图画暗示了人们害怕心理问题犹如害怕怪兽。漫画下方的小标题写道：“关汪心理健康”。随着生活水平的提高，人们开始更加关注自身的健康状况。生理因素的确对人的健康有很大影响，但同时我们也不应忽视心理健康。过去，人们对一心理问题讳莫如深，但科学研究已经证明愤怒、怀疑和焦虑对人体的伤害极大，而保持乐观，某些疾病则能不治白愈。我们也听说过很多乐观的人在确诊患有不冶之症以后，活的时间远远超过了医生的预期。因此，

44我们应该重视心理健康，而且当我们患上心理疾病时，我们应该勇敢面对并尽快解决。在我看来，心理健康与生理健康一样重要，而且，为了使人们的生理和心理更健康，唯一的方式就是采取积极的人生态度。2．第二题\\\\\\,```I\\I\\.\\\｀＼舌\\\\\\\·。0温室花朵经不起风雨Thesetofdrawingsabovevividlydepictthedestinyofaflowerindifferentcircumstances.Asisshowninthefirstcartoon,theflowerisgrowinginfuJLbloominacomfortablegreenhousethatsheltersitfromthet缸eateninglightningandstorm.Onthecontrary,whenremovedfromthegreenhouseandexposedtothedrivingrain,theflowersoonfadesandwithers,withthepetalsscatteredontheground.Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflowergrowinginthegreenhousecannotwithstandthetestofthestorm,yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriously.Thedelicateflowerisnaturallyassociatedwithyoungpeople,tobespecific,theonlychildreninourcun-entsociety;thegreenhouseepitomizesparents'dotingcareandabundantmaterialsuppliesthatcanshieldthechildren仕omthestorms,whichsymbolizetheharshreality.Oncetheyoungpeoplebegintoseekindependenceandacceptchallengesfromtherealworld,theyarefoundtoospoiledtobestrongenoughinthefaceofdifficulties.Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethought-provokingdrawings.Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemoreindependentinlife.Ontheotherhand,p釭entsshouldbesensibleenoughtogivetheirchildrenmorefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.Onlybyundergoingmorechallengesandtoilsinadversitycanyoungpeoplecultivatesn·ongpersonalityandab山ty,andonlyinthiswaycantheybecomewinnersinthiscompetitiveworld.上述这组图生动地描述了一朵鲜花在不同环境中的命运。如笫一幅漫画所示，这朵鲜花正在舒适的温室里充分绽放，温室使它免于受到可怕的闪电和风雨的侵袭。相反，当被搬出温室并暴露在风币之中时，鲜花很快就凋谢枯萎了，花瓣散落一地。首先，这组图的目的是告诉我们温室花朵经不起风雨，然而我们应该认真看待它们所微妙传达的象征含义。这朵娇弱的鲜花自然而然地会和年轻人联系起来，具体而言，就是当代社会的独生子女。温室是保护孩子免受风币的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，而风而就象

45征着严峻的现实。一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并且接受来自现实社会的挑战，人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。总之，我们很有必要从这些发人深思的图画中得出积极的含义。一方面，我们可以经常利用它们来启发年轻人在生活中要更加独立。另一方面，父母们应该充满理智，给孩子们更多自由来解决困难和问题。只有经历更多的挑战和磨炼，年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力，而且只有这样在竞争激烈的社会中他们才能成为嬴家。3．第三题终点又是新起点Itisvividlydepictedinthec釭toonthataboyisrunningalongtheracetrackwithpainstal

46一个目标前进。毫无疑问，这幅漫画传达了如下寓意：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断努力，绝不能停止进步。由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，激励看每个人追求一个又一个的目标。一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难维持过去的辉煌，在这个竞争世界中也会很难生存下去。正如伟大的中国领导人邓小平所说：“发展才是硬道理”。无论一个具体的机构如何强大，它肯定需要快速寻求新的发展。总而言之，无论一个国家还是个人都不能停滞不前。有一个例子与我们考生密切相关。如果我们考研成功，接下来就面临着征服艰巨研究生课程的挑战。我们仍须在我们未来的学业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。总之，这个例子清楚地证明了这一说法：“终点又是另一个新起点“。4．第四题习Nowadays,itisnotrareforteacherstocomplainthattheirstudentsareindifferenttoclassmates.Someareevenworriedthattheyounggeneration1nightbecometooselfishtoshoulderthedueresponsibilityforthefutureofChina.Asisshowninthecaricature,agreatmanyyoungstudentsaresittingcomfortablyonabuswhileaseniorcitizenisstandinghelplessly.Allofthosestudentsdeemedthattheyaremuchtiredthanthepooragedmanduetotheirlargeamountofhomework.Frommydirectobservationsasauniversitystudent,Imustadmitthatweyoungpeopletoday扣·eingeneralmoreself-centeredandunsympatheticthanourpreviousgenerations.Tostartwith,many,ifnotmost,youngpeoplechoosetoattendexclusivelytotheirownneeds.Intheireyes,itisalltoonaturaltoseeksatisfactionfromwhattheydo,evenit'itmaycauseinconveniencetoothers.Moreover,ouryoungpeopletendtobeinsensitivetoothers'difficulties.Insteadofofferinghelp,theyregarditasnoneoftheirbusiness.Fortheabovereasons,lsubscribetotheideathattoday'syoungpeopleinChinaaremoreselfishandhard-heartedthanourpreviousgenerations.Itishightimethatwelearnedfromoldergenerationssothataharmoniousandsplendidfutureforusallcanbeanticipated.

47如今，经常可以听到老师们抱怨他们的学生对同学们漠不关心。有些老师甚至担心年轻一代可能变得太自私而无法担负他们对中国未来应有的责任。如图所示，很多年轻学生舒适地坐在一辆公交车上，而一位老人则无助地站着。由于有大量的家庭作业，那些学生都认为自己比老人累多了。作为一名大学生，据我的直接观察，我必须承认如今的年轻人总体上比我们的上一代更加以自我为中心和冷漠无情。首先，很多（即使不是大多数）年轻人选择只关注自己的需求。在他们眼中，满足自己的需求天经地义，即使给他人造成不便也在所不惜。此外，我们年轻人容易对他人的困难视而不见，很少有人主动提供帮助，相反，他们认为那和自己无关。从上述论证中，我必须承认今天中国的年轻人比我们之前的几代人更加自私和铁石心肠。我们应该从老一辈的身上学习，这样我们才能拥有一个和谐灿烂的未来。5．第五题Inrecentye杠s,peoplearedevelopinganinsep釭ablerelationshipwiththeInternet.Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,itisconvenientforustoclickthemousewhensmfingonline,eithertoentertainourselvesortomeetthework'sneeds.ActuallysurfingtheInternethasbecomeadailyroutineinourlife.However,itseemsratherironictouseachaininsteadofacordtoconnectwiththemouseinthispicture.7'heexaggerativeandimpressiveportrayalhassubtlyrevealedthedualityoftherelationshipbetweenmanandInternetDiscussionsonthedualitybecomeverypopul釭innewspapersorinpeople'schats.Ontheonehand.,noonedeniesthatInternet,iscurrentlyoneofthemostusefulmediainourdailylife.Peoplefromallwalksoflifearebenefitingconsiderablyfromitspowerfulfunctionofinformationcommunication.Asacollegestudent,1geton-lineeverydaytoreadthenews,tostudyEnglishbyregisteringforwebcourses,toexchangeinformationwithmynetfriendsthroughe-mailsandtodownloadmyfavorite,music,flash,filmandpictures.Beingaveteranonlineshopper,I仕equentlypurchasebooks,CDsatmuchlowerprices.Butontheotherhand,agoodmanypeopleadmitthattheyaretoomuchaddictedtoInternettomaintainaregularandwholesomelifestyle.Cyber-livingresemblestheexperienceoflookingconstantlyintoakaleidoscopewhichdisplaysbothcoloredpatternsandillusions.Onceindulgedinthefictitiousworld,peoplecanbarelyconcentrateonreal

48life.Consequently,manystudentsjustchatonlineorplaycomputergamesimmoderatelyeveryday,skippingmanyimportantclasses.Suchawasteoftimeinevitablyleadstotheirfailureintheexams.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustouseInternetinareasonablewayandrestrainfromoverindulgence.Afterall,Internetisinventedtoenrichourlife,toconnectyouandme,andtoimprovetheefficiencyofourworkratherthanshackleuswithachain.近年来，人们与互联网之间的关系变得越来越不可分割。图中生动地展示了无论是为了自娱自乐还是满足工作的需求，我们都能很方便地点击鼠标在网上冲浪。事实上，网上冲浪已在我们的日常生活中成为一种惯例。然而，这幅图中看来相当讽刺的地方是，使用一条锁链而不是鼠标线连接鼠标。这幅夸张且让人印象深刻的图画微妙地揭示了人与互联网之间的双重关系。在报纸上和人们的谈论中，对这种双重性的讨论非常流行。一方面，不可否认，互联网现在是我们日常生活中最有用的媒体之一。各行各业的人们都从它强大的信息交流功能中受益匪浅。作为一名大学生，我每天上网阅读新闻，通过汪册网络课程来学习英语，借助电子邮件和我的网友们交流，下载我最喜爱的音乐、动画、电影和图片。作为网上购物的老手，我经常以极低的价格购买书籍、CD。但另一方面，很多人承认他们太沉迷于网络而无法保持一种正常和健康的生活方式。网络生存就像看万花筒一样，它能展现出色彩斑硝的图案与幻影。一旦沉迷于这种虚幻世界，人们很难关注现实生活。因此，很多学生每天没有节制地在网上聊天或打电脑浒戏，重要课程也不去上。这么浪费时间无疑会使他们考试不及格。因此，我们很有必要以一种合理的方式使用互联网，避免过度沉迷。毕竟，人们发明互联网是为了丰富我们的生活，连接你和我，是为了提高我们的工作效率，而非用锁链来束缚我们。6．第六题I知f/竺守业就是退步，创新才能发展Thecartoondepictsthatastrongpersonistryingtofindgoldoutofahugestone.Holdinganaxwithhisfirmh扣1ds,heishewingoutofthestoneofdespairapieceofpreciousgold.The

49captionindicatesthat"Onlythroughinnovationcanwemakeprogressandconservatismmeansregression.Thepm-poseofthedrawingistoshowusthatutmostimportanceshouldbeattachedtoinnovationandcreativity.Tobeginwith,innovativenesscouldbesaidtobethewatchword,ormottoofscience.Thinkaboutalltheinnumerabletimesascientificexperimentmustbeca盯iedout,allthelaboratorytests,allthelivetrials,beforeanewmedicineorvaccineisdiscovered.Inaddition,manyoftoday'sbusinesssuccessescanbeascribedtoinnovation.Forinstance,Ipersonallyworkedinacompany.Itwasonlyafterfouryearsandfourtriesofdifferentbusinessmodelsthatitsentrepreneurfinallysucceeded,andbecomethechait-manofoneofthelargestInternetcompanies.Tosumup,inanyfieldofendeavor,whetheritbeinmedicine,engineeringorinbusiness,itseemsnecessarytoputgreatemphasisoninnovationbeforeonecanfinallybecomesuccessful.Itisasiflifeistestingus,testingourinnovationandcreativitytoseeifwearereallydedicatedtoourideal,beforelifefinallyrewardsuswithsuccess.这幅图画描绘了一个强壮的人正试图从一块巨石中开采出黄金。他用坚定的双手举着一把斧头，试图从绝望之石中开采出希望之金。文字说明显示．“创新才能发展，守业就是退步。＂这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视创新。首先，创新精神可以说是科学研究的信条。想想看，只有在进行了无数次的科学实验、实验测试和活体试验之后，才能发明出一种新药物或新疫苗。其次，创新也是当今许多企业成功的原因。例如，我本人曾在一家公司工作过。这家公司曾经尝试了四种不同的商业模式，历经四年才荻得成功。该企业的老总也成了最大互联网公司之一的董事长。总之，无论是在医学、工程还是商业的任何领域，似乎只有重视创新，才能获得最后的成功。在我们获得成功之前，生活好像是在考验我们，考验我们的创新能力，看看我们是否能专注于自己的理想。7．第七题留学热Thepicturevividlydepictsthatmanyyoungstudentsarestandingunderthesky,eachholdingabigboardtoexpresstheirenthusiasminstudyingabroad.Thecaptionreads,"Goingabroadfor

50studiesisenjoyingastrikingpopularitynowadays."Thepurposeofthecartoonistoshowusthatimportanceshouldbeattachedtostudyingabroad.Firstandforemost,livingandstudyingabroadoffersstudentsadifferentperspectiveoftheworld.Onauniversitycampus,internationalstudentsarelikelytoencountertheircounte1-partsfromvariouscountriesandareas,andareexposedtodiverseideasandvalues.Whatismore,overseasexperiencesarethebestopportunityforthereal-lifeuseofforeignlanguages.Thereisnobetteropportunitytoimprovesecond-languageskillsthanlivinginthecountryinwhichitisspokenInconclusion,itismyviewthatalthoughgoingabroadisexpensiveandperhapspainful,thepayoffisworthwhile.Inthefirstplace,madditiontoknowledge,overseasstudentscangainpreciousexperiencesthatthosewhostayathomewillneverhave.Furthermore,overseasexperiences,frustratil1gandpamfulastheymaybe,areconducivetothegrowthofadolescents.Accordingly,thedifficulty,coupledwiththefrustrationbroughtbycultureshock,isarewardingu·easureforone'sfuturelifeanddevelopmentofpersonality.这幅图画生动地描绘了许多青年学生站在蓝天下，每个人手里都举着一块展板，表达着他们想要出国留学的极大热情。文字说明显示：“留学热。＂这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视留学问题。首先，国外的生活和学习为学生提供了一个看待世界的不同视角。在大学校园中，国际学生很可能遇到来自不同国家和地区的同伴，并且面临迥然不同的思想和观念。此外，海外经历为外语在实际生活中的运用提供了最佳时机。没有比住在使用该语言的国家更好的提高外语技能的机会了。总之，我认为尽管出国留学很昂贵，并且可能会很痛苦，但这种付出是值得的。首先，除了知识之外，留学生可以获得留在国内的学生永远无法荻得的宝贵经历。其次，尽管留学经历可能使人沮丧痛苦，然而这对年轻人的成长是有益的。因此，这种困难以及文化冲击所带来的挫折，对于个人的未来生活与个性发展将是一笔宝贵的财富。8．第八题梦想－勹霄了譬．翼fl酌心腻重、珊．膏了｀佩氧fl崎擘．不属暹瀛．、-Asisshowninthepictureabove,raisinguphishead,ayoungboyisholdingaglorioussunwithhisfirmhand.Thecaptionindicatesthat,"Withdre血s,ourheartcanflyhigh;withflight,ourdre扣nswillnotbefaraway."

51Somepeoplethinkthatdreamsaregoodforsuccess,whileothers缸guethattheyarenotsogoodbecausetheymaybeumealistic.Obviously,dreamsarenecess缸yinourlifeonlyiftheyareencouragingandrealistic.Firstandforemost,thereispowerindreams.Dreamscanleadpeopletothepaththeywanttogoonandcanendowpeoplewithpassion.Dreamscanbeanenthusiasticloveoflifethatputsasparkleinoureyes,oraliltinourvoices.Dreamscansmooththewrinklesfromoursouls.Furthermore,wearebornwithwide-eyed,enthusiasticwonder.Manypeoplehaveseenaninfant'sdelightatthejingleofkeysorthescurryingofabeetle.Itisthischildlikewonderanddreamthatgivesenthusiasticpeoplesuchayouthfulair,nomatterhowoldtheyare.Lastly,adreamissomethingthatyoufeelhappytoholdonto.Peoplewithdreamslovewhattheydo,regardlessofeconomicrewards,powerorcelebrity.Inshort,Godgiveseachb订ditsfood,buthedoesnotthrowitintoitsnest.Whereveryouwanttogo,justcherishyourpreciousdreamsandletyourdreamberealized.如上图所示，一个小男孩抬起头，正在用坚定的手托举着辉煌的太阳。文字说明显示：“有了梦想，我们的心就能飞翔。有了飞翔，我们的梦想不再遥远”。有些人认为梦想对成功有好处，而另一些人则认为由于梦想可能是不现实的，因此梦想没什么好处。显然，只有那些鼓舞人心且现实的梦想才是我们生活中必不可少的一部分。首先，梦想是有力量的。梦想可以引领人们走上他们想要继续走下去的道路，并赋予人们激情。梦想可以是对生活的热爱，使我们的眼中煜焙闪光，使我们的声音欢快动听，梦想也可以抚慰我们灵魂的创伤。其次，我们生来就拥有天具、热情的好奇心，婴儿对于钥匙的叮当声或者甲虫快速爬过的欣喜反应，是许多人都曾体会过的。正是这种孩童般的好奇和梦想，才赋予热情的人们一种青春的气息，无论他们年龄多大。最后，梦想是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西，拥有梦想的人不计较经济回报、权力或名望，一直热爱他们所做的事情。总之，上天赐予我们每个人机会，但我们必须自己去把握。无论你想做什么，珍惜你可贵的梦想，然后，去将梦想变为现实。9．第九题逆境Itisillustratedinthepicturethattwomenbehavetotallydifferentlywhenencountering

52difficulties.Disappointedanddismayedinfrontofthedifficulty,amanjustsitsstill,moaningallday,whiletheothertrieshardandfinallyovercomestheseeminglyinsmmountableadversity.Thecartoonistotellusthatwhilesomewillbeintimidatedbydifficultiesinourlife,othersdeemthemasgoodopportunitiestosu·engthenthe订will.Foronething,thestrugglewithhardshipwillleadyououtoftheimpassetoabrilliantfuture.Forinstance,in1993,J.K.Rowling,unemployedandwithclinicaldepression,evenhadplannedtosuicideindespair.Fortunately,shedidnotgiveup,anditwasundersuchcircumstancesthatshebegantocreatewhatlaterbecamethebest-sellingHarryPotterseries.Foranother,adversitiesalsoteachpeopletocherishtheirlife.Butforthehardshipsinherlife,HelenKellerwouldn'thavewrittenthefamousarticleThreeDaystoSee.Insummary,adversityisanunavoidablepartofeveryone'slife,andthetriumphoveritwillmakeyouanunbeatableperson,justastheworldfamousGermanphilosopherFriedrichNietzschewroteinhisTwilightoftheIdols:"Whatdoesnotdestroymemakesmestronger."如图所示，两个人在遭遇困难时的行为截然相反。一个人在困难面前灰心沮丧，只是呆坐着，成天发牢骚，另一个人则奋力越过了这一看似难以逾越的逆境。这幅漫画告诉我们，当一些人被人生的困难吓倒时，却有另外一些人将它们看作磨炼意志的绝佳机会。首先，与逆境搏斗将带你走出困境，走向光明的未来。例如，1993年J.K.罗琳处于失业状态，且患有抑郁症，在绝望中她甚至企图自杀。幸运的是，她没有放弃希望，而且正是在这种状况下她开始创作后来成为畅销书的《哈利·波特》系列。此外，逆境教会人们珍惜生活。如果没有生命中的磨难，海伦·凯勒就不可能写出著名的文章《假如给我三天光明》。总之，逆境是人生中不可避免的一部分，而不断战胜逆境，你就会成为生活的强者，正如德国著名哲学家弗里德里希尼采曾在《偶像的黄昏》中写道：“凡不能毁灭我的，将使我更强大。＂10第十题现如今，传统书店的生存状况每况愈下，大有被电子书取代的趋势。请就这一现象，分析其成因，并阐述与电子书相比，传统书店的优势及劣势，并展望传统书店的未来。字数：200字。ThepastdecadehaswitnessedtheunstoppableprevalenceofE-books,whichappearstobewipingoutthen·ad山onalbookstoresatanastonishingspeed.Atfirstglancethisphenomenonmayhavesomethingtodowithpeople'schangingreadinghabits,butifwetakeacloselookatit,itisnothardtofindoutthatthemainreasonactuallyliesinthedifferencesbetweenE-booksand

53traditionalbooks.SoactuallyitistheoccurrenceofE-booksthathastlu·eatenedthesurvivaloftraditionalbooks,thuscausingthesituationoftraditionalbookstoretogofrombadtoworse.Firstofall,comparedwithE-books,traditionalbooksaregenerallymoreexpensivesincebookstoreshavetotaketheirrelativelyhighoperatingcostintoconsiderationwhensellingbooks.Therefore,itisnowonderthatpeoplewouldhaveastrongpreferenceforE-books.Besides,traditionalbooksarenotconvenienttocarrywhilewithaportableelectronicdevice,onecanhaveaccesstocountlessE-books,打eefromtroubles.Although,tomanypeople,itseemsthattraditionalbookstoresarefightingalosingbattle,there釭estillsomeadvantagestraditionalbookstoreshaveoverE-books.Forexample,becauseofthecopyright,alargenumberofbooksarenotavailableindigitalform,especiallyclassics.Inotherwords,theresourcesofE-booksarequitelimitedandmayfailtosatisfyreaders'requirement.Moreimportantly,unlikethoseE-books,beforetraditionalbooks釭epublished,theyneedtogothroughstrictcensorshipimposedbythegovernment.Thereforethequalityofbooksintraditionalbookstorescanbeguaranteed.Basedonwhathasbeenmentionedpreviously,e-bookswillnotandcannotreplacetraditionalbooks,butinordertosurviveandmaybethriveagain,alotofthingsremainedtobedoneforthetraditionalbookstores.11第十一题随着社会文明程度的发展，越来越多的人提议应当废除死刑，然后仍有一部分人认为死刑应该被保留，针对这两种观点，你支持哪一方？请给予你的观点并阐述你的理由。字数：200字左右Whetherthedeathpenaltyshouldbeabolishedorpreservedisalwaysacontroversialtopicwhichwillinevitablydrawpublicattentionwheneveritismentioned.Whileanincreasingnumberofpeopleadvocatetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment,therestillremainagroupofpeopleholdingtheviewthatitshouldbekept.Inmyopinion,timeisnomatureforusChinesetobidfarewelltodeathsentence.Onethingthoseabolitionistsalwaysbringupisthattoliveisabasichumanright,andnoneshalldepriveapersonofthatright,eventhoughheorshemayhavecom1nittedseverecrimes.Therefore,capitalpunishmentisnothingbutinhumane仕omtheirperspective.Apartfromthat,withtheriseofcivilizationandthedeclineofcrimerates,deathpenaltymaynolongerbeneededinoursociety.Sotheabolishmentofdeathpenaltycanberegardedasagreatsocialprogress.However,beyondareasonabledoubtisthefactthatdeathpenalty,servingasadeterrenttopotentialcriminals,doespreventsomeseverecrimesfromhappeningtosomeextent.Therefore,theexistenceofcapitalpunishmentcanprovideasenseofsafetyforpeople,especiallyintoday'sChina

54whereallsocialconflictsoccurduetoavarietyofreasons.Besides,itisourtraditionalvaluethatcriminalsshouldbeaccountableforwhattheyhavecommittedandiftakingothers'livesisnotpunishedwithdeathsentence,itisalsounfairforthosevictimssincetheirrightstolivehavebeenrobbedofbythosebrutalcriininals.SoIthinkinsteadofabolishingdeathsentence,itismorefeasibletonanowdowntherangeitappliesandkeepitasawarningagainstviciouscrimes.12第十二题现在，有些学生认为和老师之间存在代沟，很难与之沟通，而有些学生则认为现在的师生关系是平等的朋友关系。请以Myteacher叨dI为题描述一件你和老师之间发生的令人印象深刻的事情，并就上述观点谈谈你的看法和理由。［字数要求：至少150字］Whenitcomestotherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,opinionsmayvaryfrompersontoperson.Somethinkitishardtocommunicatewiththeirteacherssinceinfacttheyalmosthavenothingincommonwiththoseteacherswhileothersbelievestudentsandteacherscanbefriends.AsfarasIamconcerned,ateacherisalsoafriend,whoaccompaniesusaswegrowup.Toillush·atemypoint,I'dliketosharemyfeelingsaboutmyEnglishteacherwithyou.Theadvantageofhavingateacheralmostatyourageisthatyouseldomsensethegenerationgapbetweenyoutwoandyouwillfindouthowwonderfulitiswhenyouhaveateacherlikemine-Eric.Andthereisonethingstillshininginmysweetmemory.OncemyEnglishteacherErictoldmerightaftermyfailuretowinanyprizesfromanEnglishspeechcontest,"Ifyouwanttoachievesomethingyouhaveneverachievedbefore,youmustbewillingtodosomethingyouhaveneverdonebefore."Thishasbeendeeply-rootedinmymindeversincethatday.MotivatedbywhatErictoldme,Istartedpushingmetoperfectmyskillsinpronunciationandcommunicationandeventuallyhardworkdidpayoff.WhenIparticipatedinthatspeechcontestforthesecondtimeasaseniortwostudent,Iwonthefirstprize.Ericwasthefi订stonetocongratulatemeonmysuccessandIknowthatbutforEric'sinspirationandwordsofwisdom,Icouldn'thavewontheprize.Sincethen,IhavebeenviewingEricnotonlyasmyrespectableteacher,butalsooneofmyhelpfulfriends.Frommyownexperienceasaseniorhighschoolstudent,Ibelievethataslongasyouarewillingtoopenyourheart,thereisalwaysateacherstandingby,willingtoofferhelp.13第十三题越来越多的人从农场涌入城市，请就这一现象阐述其形成的原因，并就这一现象的利弊给予你自身的观点。字数：200左右

55Rural-urbanmigrationisoneofthemostsignificanttrendsobservedinChinaoverthepastdecade.Asthisu·endcontinuestogrow,ithassparkedpublicinterestinwhatdrivesruralresidentstoflocktocities.Besidesdiscussingthefactorscontributingtothistrend,theeffectsofrural-urbanmigrationisalsoworthanalyzing.Itisapparentthatmanypeoplefromruralcommunitiesregardthecityasaninvitingplacewheretheyaremorelikelytofindwell-paidjobs.Bycontrast,employmentopportunitiesaresc釭ceinruralareas,duetothefactthatmanyindustriesremainunderdevelopedandpurchasingpowerisweak.Anotherargumentisthatcitydwellersgainbroaderaccesstopublicservicesincludingeducationandhealthcareandenjoybetterstandardsofliving.Youngcouplesexpecttheirchildrentoreceivequalityeducationinurbansettings,sotheycanbreakthecycleofpoverty.Onemainproblemassociatedwitharural-to-urbanshiftisthatrural-urbanincomedisparitywillgrow,insteadofdiminishing.Themainreasonisthatambitious,energetic,industriousandtalentedpeoplehavetradedrurallifeforurbanlifestyles.Theproductivityoftheworkforceinruralareasisindecline.Asaconsequence,manyruralresidentslivebelowthepovertylinewhileurbanpopulationsareconfrontedwithfoodshortageandsoaringcostsoffood.Anotherproblemisthatmanymigrantsenduplivinginslumsandtoleratinghai·shlivingconditions,becausetheyarepoorly-educated,semi-skilledandjobless.Inextremecases,theymaycommitcrimesforadventurousmoney,inflictingharmonurbancommunities.Besides,theinflowofmigrantswillcreateasignificantdemandforfacilitiesandhousingincities,Ifcitiesfailtoaccommodatetheirneeds,trafficcongestion,pollutionandwastetreatmentwillbeaggravated.Tosumm扣-ize,theavailabilityof」obopportunitiesandfacilitiesexplainswhycitiesai·emoreattractivethanruralareas.Someproblemssuchaseconomicimbalanceandhousingshortage,remainunsolvedbecauseoftherural-to-urbanpopulationshift.14第十四题描述一件发生在你与父母之间的不愉快的事情，内容包括：a.事情的起因b.如何解决C.谈谈如何与父母相处Noonedeniesthatourparentsloveus,butsometimesitisnoteasytogetalongwiththeseseniors.Takemyfamilyasanexample.Intheyear1999,IgotcrazyaboutPCgamesandonlinechatservice.,.Duringtheschoolsummerholidays,Iplayedgamesandchattedonlinealot.Myparentsreactedstt·onglytomybehaviorasifantswerecrawlingontheirback.TheypulledmeofffromthePCscreenfromtimetotime.TheyurgedthatthehorriblePCgameswouldruinchildren'ssoul.Theyweresimply

56overreactingandIfindIcouldn'tstandthem.Later,IrealizedthatperhapsIdidspendtoomuchtimeonlineandIshouldmakemyparentsseethatPCgamesandchattingwereactuallyfun.SoIbegantobehavemyselfandonlyspendareasonableamountoftimeonline.And,undermyinfluence,myparentshavebeguntoplaylittlecomputergamesonceinawhileonlinenow,andIhavebecometheexpertwhomtheycanturntoforhelp.So,understandingisthekeytomanyhardissues.Parentsshouldunderstandthattheyneedtochangewiththetimes.Weyoungpeopleshouldlearntoappreciateourparent'sloveandguidance.Withsuchamutualunderstanding,peopleofdifferencegenerationscanbecomefriends.14第十四题请描述一件发生在校园内不文明的现象，并就此谈谈你对这件事的看法和建议。Ourschoolshouldbeaplacewherewegainknowledgetoimproveourselves.Buttoourdisappointment,there釭ealwayssomeuncivilizedbehaviorsintheschool.LastFriday,onmywaytotheteacher'soffice,Isawastudentwashinghisspoonwiththedrinkingwaterandanotherstudenttal灼ngwithhisclassmatehappily,leavingthetaprunning.Suchkindofthingshappeninourschool什equently.Anditisreallyawasteofnaturalresources.Theyaretoblamefortheirirresponsiblebehaviors.It'shightimetotakesomemeasurestoavoidthephenomena.Firstofall,weshouldenhancestudents'consciousnessoftheimportanceandlackofnaturalreso山ces.Moreover,wehavetoimprovestudents'moralvalues.Besides,ourteachercanpunishthestudentswhowastealot.Inaword,allofusshouldti·yourbesttomakeourschoolabetterplace.15第十五题请简要描述一件另你感动的事情，并说明感动你的原因和从中得到的启发。Sincetheentranceexaminationisapproaching,Ihavealwaysstayeduplatetostudyintherecentseveralmonths.EachtimeIstudyatnight,mymotheroftensitsbesidemesilently,whichreallytouchesmealot.WhenIdomyhomework,mymotherreadsapieceofnewspaperorabook.Shejustwantsmetoknowsheisalwaysthereaccompanyingme.ThatisreallythemostmovingmomenttomeandIalwaysfeelw打mfromthebottomofmyheart.Maybesomeofustakeitforgrantedthatourparentsshoulddoeverythingforusandthatistheirresponsibility.However,Idon'tthinkso.Ifeelthegrandloveofmymotherfromherbehaviorwhichmakesmesomoved.Thoughshesaysnothing,Icanseeherwarmeyesight.WhenIgettiredandboredwithmystudy,herencouragementoftengivesmepowerandmotivation.Sometimes,Iknowsheisverytired,however,shestilJsitsthere,readingsilently.PerhapsthatiswhyIamsomoved.Fromthat,Ithinkweshouldlearnhowtorespectourparentsandhowtolovethemwhotakegreattroubletodoalmosteverythingforus.Maybenexttimewhenyouseethewhitehairontheir

57headsorthewrinklesintl1eirfaces,youcangoaheadandhugthemwithyourgreatlove.16第十六题就学生目前过重的课业负担写一岛文章，文章必须包含以下内容：•简述学生课业负担；•造成课业负担过重的原因；•提出1-2个解决办法。Nowadays,studyhasputaheavyburdenonstudents.Studentsneedtogetupearlyeverymorning.Theymustnotonlystudyveryhardinschoolinthedaytimebutalsostayuplatetofinishtheirhomeworkatnight.Therearemanycausesofthesephenomena.Maybethemostimportantoneisthepressuretheymayfaceinlifeinthefuture.Ontheotherhand,parentsandteachersexpecttoomuchofthem.Becausetheythinknowadaysthesocialcompetitionissointensethattheywon'tsucceedinthefutureunlesstheygetuniversitydiplomas.Sostudentsburnthemidnightoilfortheydon'twanttobelosersatthecriticalmoment.Thoughtheproblemofstudyburdenhasbeentalkedaboutforalongtime,itseemsthatithasbecomemoreseriousanditdoesharmtostudentsphysicallyandmentally.Thereforeit'shightimeforustodosomethingtoeaseitseffect.First,theEducationDepartmentshouldtakeseveremeasurestolimittheamountofstudents'dailyhomework.Teachersshouldreformtheirclassroomactivitiestomakefulluseofthetimeinclass.Besides,studentsshouldimprovetheirlearningefficiency.Inthisway,theproblemmayfinallybesolved.17．第十七题',．”“3,1`妒••｀胄邕;a:..'己置星亚＄怎妇谊让二气晌北寰．罩让．斗算．叩,.D小1辱噜过.....”。心..-·······壹重Inthepictureaboveisthesymbolofvolunteeringwiththeimageofaredhea1tandapeacedove.Accordingtothediagramabove,thenumberofregisteredvolunteersinChinahasreached25.11mi11ion.There釭ealready268millionyoungpeopleandpubliccitizenswhohaveprovidedmorethan6.1billionhoursofvolunteeringservice.There釭eatleastthreebenefitsforvolunteering.Tobeginwith,participatinginvolunteerworkcouldboostpeople'sdevelopmentofinterpersonalrelationships.Theawarenessof

58cooperation,dependability,responsibilityandpunctualityarecultivatedandfosteredaseachvolunteerinteractswithothermembersoftheirgroup.Inaddition,volunteeringwillenablestudentstodevelopabalancebetweenacademicaccomplishmentsandsocialdevelopment.Thisnecessarybalancew川greatlyassisteachpersoninmoresuccessfullyencounteriJ.1gthechallengesofourcontemporarysociety.Lastbutnotleast,pmticipationinvolunteerworkcanprovidepeoplewithreal-lifeexperienceinproblem-solvinganddecision-making,throughwhichsomespecificknowledgeors灼llsareacquired.Acaseinpointisthatthedevelopmentofleaderships灼llsoccursaspeopleassumeresponsibilityforthesuccessoftheirorganization.Suchexperiencew川helpthemlearnmoreaboutthemselvesandpointthewaytothe订futurecareer.Generallyspeaking,volunteeringisvitalinthatitcouldhelppeoplefittheminwithothers,teachthemtomanagetheirtimeandknowtheirlimits,aswellasexploretheiruniqueiJ.1terestsandtalents.在上图中，有一枚志愿者活动的标志，有一颗红心和一只和平鸽。根据上述图表，中国注册志愿者人数已经达到2511万名。中国累计已有2.68亿多人次的青年和社会公众为社会提供了超过61亿小时的志愿服务。志愿者活动至少有三个好处。首先，参加志愿者活动能够帮助人们发展人际关系。由于每位志愿者与团队中的其他成员相互影响，因此可以培养和形成合作、信赖、责任与准时的意识。其次，志愿者活动使学生们能够保持学习成绩与社交发展之间的平衡。这种必要的平衡会极大地帮助每个人更加成功地面对当代社会中的挑战。最后但同样重要的一点是，参加志愿者活动能够给人们提供解决问题与制定决策方面的真实经验。通过这些经验，他们可以获得一些具体的知识或技能。一个恰当的例子就是，由于人们需要为组织的成功担负责任，因此可以提高领导能力。这种经验将帮助他们更多地了解自己并为其未来职业指明方向。总而言之，由于志愿者活动能够帮助人们与他人相处，教会他们如何管理时间并且了解自身的局限，同时可以开发他们独特的兴趣和才能，因此志愿者活动至关重要。18．第十八题全球电子百务成交额统计35003000300025002000_1500．小位：亿关元900100050020。■199720052011

59Ascanbeseenfromtheabovebarchart,volumeofglobalelectroniccommercetransactionshasincreasedgraduallyduringthepast15years.In1997,itwasalmost2billiondollars,whilethenumberreached90billionin2005.By2011,thenumberjumpeddramaticallyto300billiondollars,150timesmorethanthatof1997.Whyiselecu·oniccommerceboomingnowadays?Severalcausescontributetothisphenomenon.Aboveall,theavailabilityofcomputersisforemostcontributorandtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyenablesnearlyeverybodytohaveaccesstothecomputerandInternet.Nowadays,theInternetisnolongerastrangertocommonpeople.Whatismore,theInternettechnologyisbecomingincreasinglymature.Peoplewhoatfirstdonotu·ustbusinesstransactionsonlinenowbecomeconvincedthatelectroniccommerceisextt·emelyconvenientandefficient.Lastbutnotleast,electroniccommerceisthefastestwavsofartomaketransactionsacrossfardistances.Itmakesitpossibletodobusinessathomeanditsavestimeandunnecessaryformalitiesaswell.Thatiswhyitispreferabletotraditionalcommerce.TheboomingelectroniccommerceundoubtedlycontributestotheprosperityoftheworldeconomyanditalsogivesbirthtoSOHO,aspecialgroupofpeopleworkingathome.Thetrendtowardsapromisinge-commerceisinevitable.Accordingly,let'sgetpreparedtoembracethisirreversibletendency.由以上柱状图可以看出，在过去十五年中，全球电子商务年成交额稳步增长。1997年，全球电子商务成交额约为20亿美元，而2005年这一数据增长到900亿美元。2011年这一数字飞涨到3000亿美元，是1997年的150倍。为什么当今的电子商务发展如此之快呢？这一现象产生的原因有以下几个：首先，电脑的普及是最主要的原因，信息技木的迅猛发展儿乎使每个人都用上了电脑和互联网。现在，对普通人来说，互联网已不再陌生。其次，互联网技木正日趋成熟。起初对网上商业交易不信任的人，现在已开始相信电子商务既方便又高效。最后但同样重要的是，电子商务是目前远距离交易最快的方式。电子商务使在家做生意成为可能，还节省了时间和不必要的手续。这就是与传统交易方式相比，电子商务更受青眯的原因。快速发展的电子商务无疑有助于世界经济的繁荣，而且它催生了在家上班族(SOHO)。电子商务大有前连。因此，让我们准备好迎接这一不可逆转的趋势吧。19第十九题澳大利亚歌手有一首歌，歌名是，请以Troubleisafriend为题写一岛作文，内容包括：＠你对这句话的理解©用生活中的例子来说明你的理解

60RecentlyIheardasongnamed"Troubleisafriend",whichinspiredsomethoughtsinmynund.Ofcoursemanyofusdisliketroublebecausethemessitbringstous.However,wecanalsodiscoverthatsometimestroubleisafriendwhogivesusexperience,challengesanddetemunationtofixthesituationandfeelvalued.Justthinkofthetroublesomemomentsoccurredinyourlife.Youmayhaveabadscoreinatest,youmayhavesomeproblemaboutcommunicationswithfliends,youmaymakeawrongchoicewhichconti·ibutestoaterriblesituation.Andthenyoumayfeelfrustratedanddisappointed,asyouuyyourbest.Butyoufail,youthinkthatscrewedupeverything.Butontheotherside,youshouldknowthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Theu·oublecanserveasateachertoaddyourexperienceandgiveyoualesson.Maybesheapproachesyoujusttobeafriendtohelpyoubecomeskillfulandabletodealwiththedifficulty.Therefore,troublesisfriendwhoexistsinourlifeanddoesgoodtoyou.Sobegratefultothespecialfriend.Youneedtohopeforthebestandpreparefortheworstduringyourlifetime,andkeepitinmindthatthetroublewon'tbeatyouwhenitcomes.muststopbeingfragileandbepositivetothetrouble20.第二十题假如你是星海中学学生记者晓雯，昨天在本校高三年级就：“课间十分钟”作了一次专项调查，结果喜忧参半。请你为匿笑校报写一妫报道。1'简要描述图片。2,结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想。3,针对现状，提出适当建议。I'mastudentreporterinXingHaiseniorhighschool,yesterdayIcarriedoutasurveyontheten-minutesbreakamongseniorthreestudents,theresultofwhich,ascanbeseenfromthetwopictures,bringsbothworryandrelief.fasomeclassroomsstudentsaresoabsorbedintheirstudythattheycannotaffordtohavearest,butmeanwhiletherearequiteafewstudentswhotakefulladvantageoftheshortbreaktogetrelaxedandrefreshedbyhavingawalkoncampusort如ngsomephysicalexercise.Iamconvincedthatallofushaveexperiencedthesituationwherewecannothaveourattentionfocusedonourstudywhenweareexhausted.Therefore,gettingenoughrestbetweenclassesisamustforusseniorstudents.Onlyinthiswaycanweentertainourconcentrationandefficiency.Asanoddsayinggoes,morehaste,lessspeed.Itismysincerebeliefthateverystudentfacingtheapproachingcollegeenn·anceexaminationcanmanagetobalancetheirstudyandrelaxationsoastoenjoybothgoodhealthandacademic

61achievements.21第二十一题现在有些学生认为和老师之间存在代沟，很难与之沟通，而有的学生认为现在的师生关系是平等的朋友关系。请描述一件你和老师之间发生的令人印象深刻的事情，并就以上观点谈谈你的看法和理由。Somestudentsfinditdifficulttocommunicatewiththeirteachers,whichtheyrefertoasagenerationgap,whilesomestudentsbelievethattheirteachersandtheyarefriendsandhaveequalrights.Eachaidehastheirownreasonsthatareoftenundeniable.Butfrommyexperiences,Idobelievethatkeepingagoodrelationshipwithyourteachersisbetterforyourschoollife.Frommypointofview,IamingoodrelationshipwithmyEnglishteacher.Iwasonceaskedtojailbreakherphonebecauseshewasnewtothefancytechnologiesandbecauseofmyexpertise.Ifeltflatteredandhonoredbyheractionnotonlybecauseshevaluedmyexpertisebutalsobecauseshetrustedmewithherphone,whichcouldcontainsensitivepersonaldata.Tomostpeople,itmaybehardtogivetheirphonestoasti·angersithattheycantinkerwithit.Butitisokaytogivethephonetoafriendoutoftrust.Trustiswhatfuelsone'smotivationtoworktowardacommongoal.Whenacertainfriendshipisestablishedbetweenstudentsandtheirteachers,trustalsoserveasanimpo1tantfactorintheircommunications,which,intheend,wouldleadtoacademicsuccess.So,Isuggestthosewhorefusetocommunicatewiththeirteachersjumpingovertheso-calledgapandyouwouldfindyourselfinabrandnewworld.22第二十二题假定你是中学生Adam,你看到一位丑亲Eileen在微博上发表如下内容。请柲据要求，给Eileen写一封email."Ihavearuleformydaughter:beamongthetop5studentorgetpunished.Shehasbeendoingwellinschool,butsomefriendsthinkIputtoomuchpressureonher.AmIwrong?要求：1.表明自己的看法；2.陈述自己的理由（可举例说明）；3.提出至少两条建议。DearAuntEileen,WhatpuzzlesyouisactuallyapuzzleformanyparentsinChina.Myideaisthatitisnotquiterightforyoutodoso.

62Althoughhighgradesareanimportantfactorinevaluatingstudentsandfortheirfutureuniversityadmission,developmentinwisdom,emotion,health,andlifeattitudeshouldneverbeignored.Therearemanyexamplesaroundus.Someall-Astudentsinschoolhavetmnedoutnottobeassuccessfulinsocietyastheywereexpected.Thereasonisoftenthatthepressurefromtheirparentsallowsthemalmostnotimeforotheractivities.Furthermore,punishmentisbynomeansawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.SoIsuggestthatyoutakeyourfriends'advice.Moreimportantly,letherlivelikealovelygirl;letherhavemorefriendsandsocialactivities;andlethermakemistakesofherownasweteenagersoftendo.Yours,Adam23第二十三题管理老素质Thepiechartaboverevealsthebasicqualityofmanagers,includingself-management,teammanagementandperfo1mancemanagement.Self-managementconsistsofcommunication,timemanagementandrolecognition:teammanagementcontainsteamconstruction,effectiveauthorizationandleadership;performancemanagementcomprisesofstaffguidance,targetmanagementandperformancemanagement.Thereareseveraldistinctqualitiesortraitsofanygoodsupervisororboss.Oneimportantqualityistobeclearandexplicitingivinginstructions.Ifinstructionsarevague,otherwisepreventablemisunderstandingsandmistakesmayoccur.Forexample,bossesoftenliketosaysomethinglikelookintothat",or"takecareofthat".Theemployeedoesnotknowifthatmeanssimplytomakeacoupleofphonecallstoclearupanissue,ortocallameetingtogetin-depthinformationandreports,ortoundertakesomeextensiverese釭chintothematterorproblem.Stillanothersignificantqualityisforthebosstohaveopenandgoodchannelsofcommunicationwiththeiremployees.Thebossneedstoasktheemployeesfortheirideasandtheii·input,whiletheemployeesneedtofeelti·eeandeasyaboutbeingabletoexpressthemselvestotheirboss,notfearingcriticismorcensure.Lastly,agoodsupervisororbossisabletomotivateandinspirehis/her

63employeesandstaff.Insummary,agoodsupervisororbosshasseveraldistinctqualities,includingbeil1gabletogiveclearandexplicitinstructions,maintaininganopenandtwo-waychannelofcommunicationandlastly,beingabletomotivateandinspirebypraiseandpersonalexample.子上述饼状图揭示了管理者的基本素质，包括自我管理、团队管理和绩效管理。自我管理包括交流沟通、时间管理、角色认知；团队管理包括团队建设、有效授权、领导力；绩效管理包括员工指导、目标管理、绩效管理。一位好的管理者或老板应具备多个鲜明的品质或特征。首先，好的管理者应清楚明确地向下级传达指示。如果他的指示含糊不清，就会发生一些原本可以避免的误解和错误。比如，老板们经常爱说“查查这个“、“处理那个＂之类的话。员工不明白老板是叫他／她打几个电话处理问题呢，还是开个会以荻得详细的信息和报告，或是对这个事件或问题进行深人的调查研究。其次，好的老板应当同员工进行有效、坦率的沟通。老板应当询问下级的意见和看法，不能随便批评指责员工，相反应当让员工轻松自如地向老板讲述自己的想法。最后，好的管理者或老板能够激励手下的员工。总之，一位好的管理者或老板应具备多个鲜明的特征，包括能够下达清楚明确的指示，同员工进行坦率的双向沟通，最后还要懂得夸奖员工，并以身作则，从而激发员工的于劲。24第二十四题Directions:WriteacompositiononthetopicReadingPreferences.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthetableandtheoutlinebelow:ReadingpreferencesofstudentslnanAmericanuniversityin2002CategoriesofbooksPercentageofbookcirculationinthelibraryPopularFiction65.9GeneralNonfiction18.2Science/Technology/Education10.8ArtILiterature/Poetry5.11根据上表，简要描述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况；2你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论；3．你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由。Ascanbeseenfromthetablegivenabove,popularfictionisthemostpopularwithAmericanstudentsinthisuniversity,accountingfor65.9%ofbookcirculationinthelibrai-y.Generalnonfictiontakesup18.2%,whilebooksconcerningscience,technologyandeducation,only10.8'%.Incontrast,booksofart,literatureandpoetryonlyhaveacirculationof5.1%.

64Severalfactorsaffecttheirreadingpreferences.Firstly,popularfictionisfascinatiI1gtoyoungstudents.Secondly,booksaboutscience,technologyandeducationareusuallytoocomplexanddifficulttounderstand.Theyoftencontainmanytermswhichmoststudentscan'tunderstand.Finally,intoday'smarketeconomy,muchmoreemphasisislaidonpracticalandvocationalbooksratherthanartorpoetry.Whenitcomestome,poetryandartaremyfavorites.Suchkindsofbookscannourishmymind,andbroadenmyhorizons.Readingapieceofgoodpoetrytendstorelievemyburden,andlessenmytension,makingmemorecreativeanddynamic.Itgetsmeintoanimaginaryworld,freshandbeautiful.Ijustlovethatfeeling!如上表所示，通俗小说在该校的美国学生中最流行，占借阅图书的65.9%。非小说的散文类占18.2%，而科技和教育类书籍仅占10.8%。相反，艺术、文学及诗歌只占借阅图书的5.1%。一些因素影响了他们的阅读偏爱。首先，对青年学生来说，通俗小说非常有吸引力。其次，科技、教育类书籍通常很复杂，也很难理解。它们用到的很多术语，大多数学生都不理解。最后，在当今的市场经济下，人们更重视实用和职业类的书籍而不是艺术或诗歌。就我而言，诗歌和艺术书籍是我的最爱。这类书籍能够滋养心灵，拓宽视野。读一首好诗能够减轻我的负担，减轻我的压力，使我更有创意和活力。它带我走进充满想象的世界，这个世界新鲜、美好。我喜欢这种感觉I25第二十五题2-0:15年旅1＿力廿现内长芍人十凡和．代孟顷贮飞一访"+沾业们的众．彴仵儿仗廿沃”沂业云只．成的t叮,.E．，t更«惠加书式.[rErl/(兄士更g民.'．,叩,'＼L战功11／,iItisapp釭entfromthediagramabovethattotalincomeoftouristindusti·yhasreachedRMB2,500billionbythe)ear2015,atagrowthrateof10%peryear.Fromthestatisticsgiveninthetable,wecanseethatthevalueaddedintourismhasaccountedfor4.50inofnationalGDPand12%

65ofthevalueaddedinservicebusiness.Differentcounu·iesarestrivingtodeveloptheirnationaltourismbecausetourismreallyhasalotofadvantages.Firstandforemost,beautifulscenery,attractivetouristspotsandsplendidculturealluretouristsfrom、variouspartsoftheworld.whichprovidesmanyopportunitiestopromoteexchangesamongpeoplefromdiversebackgrounds.Forinstance,sincethereformandopening-up,China,acountrywhichhasrichtouristresources,receivesmillionsofforeigntouristseveryyear.Moreover,travelenrichesone's灿owledge,widensone'svisionandenhancesmutualunderstanding.Throughtravelling,weChinesehaveexpandedourscopeofknowledge,andwehavecometoknowtheworldbetterandhavebeenlearninghowtodevelopourcountrybetter.Finally,tourismboostslocaleconomyandpromotescommercialexchanges.Inmyopinion,itiscrucialforacountrytodevelopitstourismtoupgradeitsinternationalpositionandatthesametimepromoteglobalunderstandingtoremovepre」udiceandbias.Weshouldmakegooduseofourrichtouristresourcestomakeourmotherlandmorebeautiful.