history simon bolivar a life (john lynch) yale university press 2006外语英文电子书

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1、SIMÓNBOLÍVARSIMÓNBOLÍVARALIFEJOHNLYNCHYaleUniversityPressNewHavenandLondonCopyright©2006byYaleUniversityFirstpublishedinhardback2006Firstpaperbackedition2007Allrightsreserved.Thisbookmaynotbereproducedinwholeorinpart,inanyform(beyondthatcopyingpermittedbySe

2、ctions107and108oftheU.S.CopyrightLawandexceptbyreviewersforthepublicpress)withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.ForinformationaboutthisandotherYaleUniversityPresspublications,pleasecontact:U.S.Office:sales.press@yale.eduwww.yalebooks.comEuropeOffice:sal

3、es@yaleup.co.ukwww.yaleup.co.ukSetinMinionbyJ&LComposition,Filey,NorthYorkshirePrintedintheUSALibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataLynch,John,1927–SimónBolívar:alife/JohnLynch.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0–300–11062–6(cl.:alk

4、.paper)1.Bolívar,Simón,1783–1830.2.SouthAmerica—History—WarsofIndependence,1806–1830.3.Headsofstate—SouthAmerica—Biography,I.Title.F2235.3.L972006980.02092—dc222005034838AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ISBN978-0-300-12604-4(pbk)

5、10987654321CONTENTSListofIllustrationsixPrefacexiMapsxv1.OUTOFASPANISHCOLONY1VenezuelanHomeland1Family,FriendsandNeighbours7AYouthofIndependentMeans16OldSpain,YoungLove182.LESSONSFROMTHEAGEOFREASON22LifeinParis22PoliticalAwakening24ASpanishAmericanintheAgeo

6、fRevolution28BolívarandtheEnlightenment31ReturntoVenezuela393.CREOLEREVOLUTION41GrievancesofaColony411808,theCriticalYear44TheLondonMission49Independence,DeclaredandDestroyed54WarwithSpainandwithNature57TheDefeatoftheFirstRepublic634.WARTOTHEDEATH65TheCarta

7、genaManifesto65TheWesternFront68viCONTENTSWarbyTerror72TheLiberator75Counter-Revolution81ExitandExile885.TOUCHSTONEOFTHEREVOLUTION91TheJamaicaLetter91TheCaudillos98ConfrontationwithPiar102TheTacticsofRace108AnArmyforLiberation110PáezandtheLlaneros:ANewChall

8、enge1136.NEWSTRATEGY,NEWFRONT119TheAngosturaAddress119ReinforcementsandReappraisal122ASecondFront124Boyacá129TensionsafterTriumph132Carabobo1397.SOCIETYACCORDINGTOBOLÍVAR143RousseauinRetreat143Continui