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1、FabulousscienceFabulousscienceFactandfictioninthehistoryofscientificdiscoveryJohnWaller11GreatClarendonStreet,OxfordOX26DPOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation
2、bypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiTaipeiTokyoTorontoandanassociatedcompanyinBerlinOxfordisaregisteredtradem
3、arkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork©JohnWaller2002ThemoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)Firstpublished2002Allrightsreserved.Noparto
4、fthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconce
5、rningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataava
6、ilableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableISBN0‒19‒280404‒913579108642TypesetbyFootnoteGraphics,Warminster,WiltsPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyT.J.InternationalLimitedPadstow,CornwallTomyparents,withallmyloveContentsListofillustrati
7、onsviiiAcknowledgementsxiIntroduction:Whatishistoryfor?1Part1:Rightforthewrongreasons101Thepasteurizationofspontaneousgeneration142‘Thebattleovertheelectron’223TheeclipseofIsaacNewton:ArthurEddington’s‘proof’ofgeneralrelativity484Veryunscientificmanagement645The
8、Hawthornestudies:findingwhatyouarelookingfor78ConclusiontoPart1:Sinsagainstscience?99Part2:Tellingscienceasitwas1086Mythinthetimeofcholera1147‘ThePriestwhoheldthekey’:GregorM