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AReportonTranslatingGothicTaleTheOldNurse’sStoryBasedonFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryByCongPengyiSupervisedbyProfessorYuDeyingSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsFortheDegreeofMasterofTranslationandInterpretingInTranslationBetweenEnglishandChineseIntheSchoolofForeignLanguagesLudongUniversityYantai,ChinaJune2015 鲁东大学硕士学位论文基于奈达功能对等理论的《老保姆的故事》翻译实践报告作者姓名：丛芃艺第一导师：于德英副教授第二导师：倪燕燕副译审学位类别：翻译硕士专业领域：英语笔译鲁东大学外国语学院二○一五年六月 AcknowledgementsIamgreatlyindebtedtoanumberofpeople,withoutwhosehelpthisreportwouldnothavebeenpossiblefinished.Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitude,appreciationandthankstothemall.Firstly,Iammostgratefultomysupervisor,DoctorYuDeying,whoseconscientioustutoring,insightfulcommentsandconstructivecriticismshavecontributedgreatlytothecompletionofthisthesis.Atthepreparationstageofthisstudy,heprovidedmewithusefulsuggestionsandrecommendedtomesomeessentialreferences.WhenIfinishedmywriting,hedevotedaconsiderableproportionofhistimetoreadingitandmakingsuggestionsforfurtherrevisions.HissupportandencouragementaswellasgreatcareformedeservemorethanksthanIcanfindwordstoexpress.IamdeeplyindebtedtoProfessorJiaZhengchuan,AssociateProfessorWangXiaonong,ProfessorZhangFuyong,ProfessorWangJuli,andProfessorWangPingandotherteacherswhogavemegenerousinstructionsandinterestinglectures.Ihavelearnedsomuchfromthemall.Icouldhavedonelittlewithouttheirteachingandencouragement.Mythanksarealsoextendedtoallofmyotherteachersandfriendsfortheircontinuoussupport.Here,IgivemysincerethankstomyfriendsMs.LiXiaolu,Ms.YuyingandMs.MuJingwhogavemesomeverygoodadvice.Lastbutnotleast,aspecialnoteofappreciationtomyfather,motherandsister,whoselovingconsiderationsandhelpsarethesourceofmystrength.Toallthosementionedabove,andtoanyotherpeoplewhomImayhavefailedtomention,Iextendmysincerethanks. AbstractAsatypicalstyleoftale,Gothictaleswerefamousinthe18thto19thcenturyinEurope.ThegeneralcharacteristicofGothictalesliesinthemysteryorhorrifiedfeelingsandtherealwaysexistssomesupernaturalpowersinthesegothictales.Researchesonthegothictalesoftenfocusedontheconclusivedescriptionofthesegothictalesotherthanspecifictranslationstrategyandmethodsofonegothictale.ByapplyingNida'sFunctionalequivalencetheorytothetranslationofthisshortGothictale,thewriterwillsummarizetranslationstrategiesandmethodsintranslationoftheGothictale.Thefindingsofthereportareasfollewed:(1)whentranslatingthehorroroftheGothictale,literaltranslationispreferred,sothereadercanfeeltheatmosphereofterrormoredirectlyandvividlythattheChinesereadercanbetterunderstandthemeaningoftheoriginaltextthusresonatewiththegothictale;(2)whentranslatingthethemeoftheGothictale,differenttranslationstrategiesneedtobeusedsincethereareculturedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese.WhentranslatingsentencesthathavesimilarmeaningsinChineseandEnglish,wepreferredtouseliteraltranslation,butwhenitcomestosentencesthathavedifferentmeaningsinChineseandEnglish,freetranslationstrategyispreferred.BasedontheFunctionalequivalencetheory,thisreporttakesthetranslationofMrs.Gaskell’sshortgothictaleTheOldNurse’sStoryasanexample,discussaboutsomemajortranslationstrategiesofthisgothictale.Equivalenceeffectisexpectedwhenthetranslationisfinished,sothatthetargetlanguagereaderscanobtainthesamereadingexperienceandperceptionwiththesourcelanguagereaders.Keywords:GothicTales;FunctionalEquivalence;translationstrategiesi 摘要哥特小说作为一种独特的小说形式，其中往往笼罩着神秘和恐怖的气氛，充满悬念，具有独特的艺术震撼力。国内对于哥特小说的翻译多是总论性质的，很少研究某本哥特小说具体的翻译策略方法，《老保姆的故事》是盖斯凯尔夫人哥特小说集中十分有代表性的一篇，尚无学者对这篇哥特小说的翻译进行研究。哥特小说翻译的难点和重点就在于原文神秘恐怖气氛的生动传达，和小说主题的准确领悟，奈达的功能对等理论正好强调原文和译文的“效果对等”，所以本报告拟以奈达功能对等理论为理论基础，探讨哥特小说中气氛及主题翻译策略及方法，以期达到奈达功能对等中的文体对等。在确定翻译的理论支撑后，作者对哥特小说的定义及文体特征，盖斯凯尔夫人哥特小说的文体特征以及奈达的动态对等理论的核心及四步说进行了简单的介绍，通过对这些背景知识的了解和掌握，作者可以在翻译策略及方法上做出谨慎的选择。通过分析翻译过程中遇到的问题和经验，作者总结运用奈达功能对等理论翻译哥特小说的策略。本报告发现：(1)对于哥特小说中恐怖气氛的翻译，大多时候采取直译的策略，让读者更直观的去感受原文中恐怖的气氛，让读者在阅读译文时可以更如临其境，这样的译文生动而地道，便于读者理解原文，产生共鸣；(2)对于哥特小说主题的翻译，则需要一分为二的看待：对于原文和译文在语义文化相同或相似的部分可以采取直译，但是如果原文和译文在语义文化方面不同甚至相悖的时候，则需要转换翻译策略，改用意译或者改译的策略来翻译出原文的真正涵义。本报告以奈达的功能对等理论为理论支撑，以盖斯凯尔夫人《老保姆的故事》为个案研究，通过对此篇哥特小说的翻译分析，讨论哥特小说的翻译策略及理论意义，帮助译者解决哥特小说翻译中的实际难题，归纳总结如何使译语读者通过恐怖气氛的描写体会小说所要表达的深刻主题，即实现哥特小说翻译的等效的方法。关键词：哥特小说；功能对等理论；翻译策略ii ContentsAbstract............................................................................................................................i摘要..............................................................................................................................iiContents............................................................................................................................IChapterOneIntroduction..........................................................................................11.1BackgroundandSignificanceoftheTranslationProject....................................11.2DescriptionsoftheTranslationProject...............................................................31.3ContentsandStructureoftheReport..................................................................4ChapterTwoCrossReferencebetweentheOriginalandtheTranslatedTexts....5ChapterThreeTranslationCommentary................................................................443.1Gothictale:DefinitionandStylisticFeatures.....................................................443.1.1DefinitionofGothicTale.........................................................................443.1.2StylisticFeaturesofGothicTale...............................................................453.1.3StylisticFeaturesofMrs.Gaskell’sGothicTales.....................................463.2TranslatingTheOldNurse’sStorybasedonFunctionalEquivalenceTheory..473.2.1EquivalenceTranslationStrategyoftheAtmosphereinTheOldNurse’sStory..........................................................................................................483.2.2EquivalenceTranslationStrategyoftheThemeinTheOldNurse’sStory..................................................................................................................56ChapterFourConclusion.........................................................................................63References......................................................................................................................65I ChapterOneIntroduction1.1BackgroundandSignificanceoftheTranslationProjectAsatypicalstyleofromantictalethatpredominatedinEnglishliteratureinthelastthththirdofthe18centuryandthefirsttwodecadesofthe19century,thesettingforthesegothictaleswasusuallyagothiccastleorabbey.ThegeneralcharacteristicofGothictalesliesinthemysteryorhorrifiedfeelingsandtherealwaysexistssomesupernaturalpowersinthesegothictales.Researchesonthegothictalesoftenfocusedontheconclusivedescriptionofthesegothictalesotherthanspecifictranslationprocedureandstrategyofonegothictale.During1919to1949,thoughquiteamountofGothictalesweretranslatedintoChinese,butthetranslatorsdidnotrealizethatwhattheytranslatedbelongedtothecategoryof"Gothictale".Despitetranslationquality,thesetranslationsdidnotfullyshowtheliteraryvalueandsocialculturevalueinsidetheGothictale.Itisin1988thatthefirsttruetranslationofGothictalethatcomeintopublic.InSeptemberof1988,the14thissueofTheSeries,whichpublishedbyShanghaiTranslationPublishingHouse,publishedTheCastleofOtrantotranslatedbyZhengDamin,andtherewasabriefintroductionabouttheauthorandthetalebythetranslator.ThisisthefirsttranslationofGothictaleinChina.Withmoreandmorehorrormoviesandnovels,fantasymoviesandnovelsfloodedinChina,translationofgothictaleinChinagainedgroundbreakingimprovement.Fromtheendof1990s,researchesongothicnovelsinChinacanbedividedintothreecategories:ThefirstcategoryliesintheconclusivedescriptionofGothictale.Forexample,ABriefIntroductionontheDevelopmentofGothicTale(HanJiaming2000:65)describesthereasonswhygothictalecameintobeinginthe18thcenturyEnglishintheviewoftheinfluencesofculturalthoughtsandtherulesofliterature.Thereportalsointroduced1 somemajorworksandsummarizestheGothictale'sinfluencesontheliteratureoflaterages.ResearchesofthiskindalsoincludeGothicTraditionintheBritish-AmericanLiterature(XiaoMinghan2001:24)ThesecondcategoryexploresontheoverallthemeofcertaintypesofGothictale.ThemostrepresentativeresearchisNaturalandCulture,CityandCountryside:RomanismIntheBritishGothicTales(SuGengxin2003:101)ThethirdcategoryistranslationanalysisofspecificgothictalewhichusuallyarethosefamoustoChinesereaders.Forexample:“GothicTradition”inTheMonk(LiWeiFang2002),WutheringHeightsanditsGothicTradition(PuRuoxi2002:45).Thethirdcategoryownsthelargestamountanditiscloselyconnectedwiththetranslationofgothictale.Butaswecansee,theseresearchesoftenfocusedonthefamousgothictales,quiteafewresearchesontheseshortgothictalesletalonethegothictalesofMrs.Gaskell.From1921to1983,researchesonMrs.GaskellinChinafocusedonthetranslationofherworksandtheintroductionoftheauthorandthetaleintheprefaceofthetranslation.In1984,aresearchnamed"TheBattlePictureofProletarian:ReviewsonMaryBartonofMrs.Gaskell(WangQiurong&DingZichun1984:68)pointedoutthatMrs.GaskelllargelyextendedthefieldhowthecriticalrealismliteraturedescribesthefigureandlifethroughtheimageofJohnBartonandMaryBarton.ThearticlemarksthatMrs.Gaskell'sresearchinChinaofficiallyenteredtherealacademicresearchfieldgettingridofthepreviousdecadesoftranslationandintroductiontothesubject.AnotherhotspotforresearchesonMrs.Gaskellisgenderstudy.Inthearticlenamed"WomenimagesinMrs.Gaskell'Novels"(HuYile1991:101),theauthorpointedoutthatMrs.Gaskelljudgesthemenandwomenfromthesamemoralstandardandtheobjectiveviewthroughhisresearchonthelaborwomen,solowomenandfallenwomeninhernovels.Theonlydutyforwomenisnottoobeybuttofightforjusticeanytimeinanycondition.Fromthis,wecanfindthatresearchesonMrs.Gaskellmainlyfocusonherwell-knownnovelslike“MaryBarton”,“northandSouth”and“Clanford”.Therearenotmanyresearchesonhershortgothictales.2 Inconclusion,fewresearcheshadputtheirstressonthetranslationoftheshortgothictaleofMrs.Gaskell.TheOldNurse’sStorywasanovellacollectionpublishedbyMrs.Gaskellin1852.Writteninthefirstperson,theoldnurse,Hester,toldastoryaboutherandMissRosamondandthehorriblethingsthathappenedwhentheylivedintheoldManorHouse.ItisoneofthemostrepresentativeworksofMrs.Gaskell’sgothictales,thustranslatingandanalyzingithavesignificantinfluences.AccordingtoNida’sFunctionalEquivalencetheory,equivalenceiscrucialtotranslationbecause“itistheuniqueintertextualrelationthatonlytranslations,amongallconceivabletexttypes,areexpectedtoshow”(Nida1984:62).SobasedontheFunctionalequivalencetheory,takingthetranslationofMrs.Gaskell’sshortgothictaleTheOldNurse’sStoryasanexample,thisreportwilldiscussaboutsomemajortranslationstrategiesandmethodsofthisgothictale.Thecriticalproblemliesinwhetherthetranslationhavetheequivalenceeffectwiththesourcetext,whichmeansthetargetlanguagereaderisexpectedtoexperiencethesamehorribleatmospherejustassameasthesourcelanguagereaderasaresulttheycanfurtherunderstandthethemeofthisgothictaleatlastlearnedtheBritishGothictraditionaswellasMrs.Gaskell'sGothictales.1.2DescriptionsoftheTranslationProjectMrs.ElizabethGaskellwasafemalewriterintheVictoriantimeswhenBrontesistersandGeorgeElliotwerealsoveryfamous.Shewrotesixnovels,abiographyandthirtystories,amongwhich"MaryBarton","northandSouth","CharlotteBronte"arewellknowntothepublic.Shebecamepopularforherwriting,especiallyherghoststories,aidedbyCharlesDickens,whopublishedherworkinhismagazineHouseholdWords.Herghoststoriesareinthe"Gothic"vein,makingthemquitedistinctfromher"industrial"tale.EventhoughherwritingconformstoVictorianconventions,includingtheuseofthename"Mrs.Gaskell",sheusuallyframedherstoriesascritiquesof3 contemporaryattitudes.Sheusuallyemphasizedtheroleofwomen,withcomplexnarrativesanddynamicfemalecharacters.TheOldNurse’sStorywasanovellacollectionpublishedbyMrs.Gaskellin1852.Writteninthefirstperson,theoldnurse,Hester,toldastoryaboutherandMissRosamondandthehorriblethingsthathappenedwhentheylivedintheoldManorHouse.Thisstorystartedwithaperson’sdeathandendedwithaperson’sdeath,exceptforthefirstintroductorypartwhichtheoldnursestartedtotellthestory,therestpartofthisgothictaleisundertheatmosphereoffearandterror.Sohowtotranslateallthesefearsandterroristhemostimportantthingthatneededtobedonethroughtheprocessoftranslation.Fromthisconsideration,theauthordecidedtousethefunctionalequivalencetheoryasthetheoreticalsupport,tofindoutstrategiesandmethodsintranslatingthisshortgothictalesothatthereadercanacquiretheequivalenceeffectofthesourcetextreader.1.3ContentsandStructureoftheReportThewholereportisdividedintofourchapters.Chapteroneistheintroductionpartwhichintroducesthebackground,significanceandthestructureofthetranslationreportaswellasabriefdescriptionofthetranslationtask.Chaptertwoincludescrossreferencebetweentheoriginalandthetranslatedtextssoitiscleartocheckboththeoriginaltextandthetranslatedtext.Chapterthreeisthemainpartofthisreport:theanalysisofthetranslation.AfterabriefingintroductionofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryandMrs.Gaskell’sgothictales,thentheauthorwillanalysisthetranslationfromtheperspectiveofatmosphereandtheme.Chapterfouristheconclusionpartwhichgivesageneralfindingaftertheanalysisofthetranslationofthisgothictale.4 ChapterTwoCrossReferencebetweentheOriginalandtheTranslatedTextsTheOldNurse’sStory老保姆的故事ByElizabethGaskell伊丽莎白.盖斯凯尔著Youknow,mydears,thatyourmotherwasan亲爱的孩子们，你们应该知道，你们的orphan,andanonlychild;andIdaresayyou母亲曾经是个无依无靠的孤儿；想必你haveheardthatyourgrandfatherwasa们也早已听说过你们的祖父在威斯特摩clergymanupinWestmoreland,whereIcome兰特是名牧师，我也来自那里。from.Iwasjustagirlinthevillageschool,when,当时我还在乡镇里的学校念书，有一天，oneday,yourgrandmothercameintoaskthe你们的祖母来向老师打听有没有学生愿mistressiftherewasanyscholartherewho意去做保姆；当老师点到我的名字，我woulddoforanurse-maid;andmightyproud满怀骄傲地答应了，老师对她说我是个Iwas,Icantellye,whenthemistresscalled脚踏实地，稳重诚实，针线活做的特别meup,andspoketomybeingagoodgirlatmyneedle,andasteadyhonestgirl,andone好的女孩，尽管我的父母很穷，却备受whoseparentswereveryrespectable,though尊敬。theymightbepoor.IthoughtIshouldlikenothingbetterthanto我想没有什么比为这么年轻漂亮的女主servetheprettyyounglady,whowasblushing人服务再好不过了，当她说到是让我照asdeepasIwas,asshespokeofthecoming顾她将要出生的孩子时，她的脸和我一baby,andwhatIshouldhavetodowithit.样都泛起了红晕。However,Iseeyoudon’tcaresomuchfor我知道你们不太喜欢这个部分，你们想thispartofmystory,asforwhatyouthinkis知道接下来的事情，好吧那我就直接引tocome,soI’lltellyouatonce.入正题。Iwasengagedandsettledattheparsonage在罗莎蒙德小姐（就是那时候腹中的那beforeMissRosamond(thatwasthebaby,个孩子，也就是现在你们的母亲）出生whoisnowyourmother)wasborn.之前我就受雇于牧师住所。5 Tobesure,Ihadlittleenoughtodowithher说实话，罗莎蒙德小姐刚出生时我也没whenshecame,forshewasneveroutofher帮上忙，因为她始终就没离开她母亲的mother’sarms,andsleptbyherallnightlong;怀抱，而且整夜都睡在她母亲怀里；偶andproudenoughwasIsometimeswhen尔大小姐很放心地把孩子交给我，我都misstrustedhertome.会感到无比自豪。Thereneverwassuchababybeforeorsince,不管是那之前还是之后我都再也没见过thoughyou’veallofyoubeenfineenoughin面容如此精致的孩子，尽管你们小时候yourturns;butforsweet,winningways,也挺乖巧；说到惹人喜欢，你们的母亲you’venoneofyoucomeuptoyour可是略胜一筹，你们都无法跟你们的母mother.亲相比。Shetookafterhermother,whowasareal小姐随她母亲，生下来就是个真正的名lady-born;aMissFurnivall,agranddaughter媛。她母亲曾是芬尼伏小姐，是诺森伯ofLordFurnivall’s,inNorthumberland.兰郡芬尼伏勋爵的孙女。Ibelieveshehadneitherbrothernorsister,我认为她没有兄弟姐妹，因为她之前一andhadbeenbroughtupinmylord’sfamily直寄养在我的庄园主家里直到嫁给你们tillshehadmarriedyourgrandfather,who的祖父，卡莱尔的一个店主的儿子，他wasjustacurate,sontoashopkeeperin当时只不是个牧师助理，但他一直是个Carlisle—butaclever,finegentlemanas聪明俊美的绅士，同时在他的教区里他everwas—andonewhowasaright-downhardworkerinhisparish,whichwasvery是个工作极其勤奋的工人。他的教区范wide,andscatteredallabroadoverthe围广阔且分散在威斯特摩尔菲儿山上。WestmorelandFells.Whenyourmother,littleMissRosamond,当你们的母亲，罗莎蒙德小姐在四五岁wasaboutfourorfiveyearsold,bothher左右时，她的父母在两个星期内相继去parentsdiedinafortnight—oneafterthe世了。other.Ah!Thatwasasadtime.唉！那段时间真是令人悲伤。Myprettyyoungmistressandmewaslooking当时我那年轻漂亮的女主人和我正在期foranotherbaby,whenmymastercamehome待第二个孩子的降临，旅途漫长，男主fromoneofhislongrides,wet,andtired,and人刚赶回家后就因为潮湿和疲劳发高烧tookthefeverhediedof;andthenshenever而死；随后女主人一蹶不振，临死前她6 heldupherheadagain,butjustlivedtosee将出生却已经死去的婴儿抱在怀中，咽herdeadbaby,andhaveitlaidonherbreast下了最后一口气。beforeshesighedawayherlife.Mymistresshadaskedme,onherdeath-bed,女主人临终之际躺在病榻上恳求我不要nevertoleaveMissRosamond;butifshehad丢下罗莎蒙德小姐；我想要是她没有嘱neverspokenaword,Iwouldhavegonewith咐我，我也就不会和她的孩子共度此生。thelittlechildtotheendoftheworld.Thenextthing,andbeforewehadwellstilled紧接着，我们还没完全从悲痛中走出来oursobs,theexecutorsandguardianscameto的时候，遗嘱执行人和监护人就过来处settletheaffairs.理后事。Theyweremypooryoungmistress’sown他们是罗莎蒙德小姐的表兄芬尼伏勋爵cousin,LordFurnivall,andMr.Esthwaite,my和男主人的哥哥易斯威特先生，易斯威master’sbrother,ashopkeeperinManchester;特先生在曼彻斯特经营店铺，当时并不notsowell-to-dothenashewasafterwards,富裕但是后来凭借庞大家族他的事业蒸andwithalargefamilyrisingabouthim.蒸日上。Well!Idon’tknowifitweretheirsettling,or唉！我并不知道这是他们的安排又或许becauseofalettermymistresswroteonher是女主人在病榻上给她的表兄和勋爵写death-bedtohercousin,mylord;but过一封信；总之处理的结果便是罗莎蒙somehowitwassettledthatMissRosamondandmeweretogotoFurnivall德小姐和我莫名其妙将要前往诺森伯兰ManorHouse,inNorthumberland,andmy郡的芬尼伏庄园大宅，据芬尼伏勋爵说，lordspokeasifithadbeenhermother’swish这似乎是女主人的遗愿，希望罗莎蒙德thatsheshouldhivewithhisfamily,andasifhehadnoobjections,forthatoneortwomore将住在勋爵家里，勋爵仿佛也没有反对，orlesscouldmakenodifferenceinsogranda因为如此庞大的家庭多一两个人应该不household.受影响。SothoughthatwasnotthewayinwhichI尽管这种生活方式是我没有想过的，shouldhavewishedthecomingofmybright——但是我认为不论她生长在任何家andprettypettohavebeenlookedat—who庭，以至于庞大家族，那聪明可爱的宝waslikeasunbeaminanyfamily,beitnever贝的到来会像阳光一样，她将会备受关sogrand—Iwaswellpleasedthatallthe注。——戴尔镇上所有的亲戚听说到了folksintheDaleshouldstareandadmire,芬尼伏勋爵的芬尼伏庄园我将是年幼小whentheyheardIwasgoingtobeyoung7 lady’smaidatmyLordFurnivall’sat姐的女仆后都很关注和羡慕我，这让我FurnivallManor.十分高兴。ButImadeamistakeinthinkingwewereto但是我误认为我们将会住在勋爵的住goandlivewheremylorddid.处。Itturnedoutthatthefamilyhadleft结果才知道勋爵家族早在五十年前就已FurnivallManorHousefiftyyearsor经离开了芬尼伏庄园。more.Icouldnothearthatmypooryoung尽管女主人在这个家庭长大，我不知道mistresshadeverbeenthere,thoughshe可怜的年幼的女主人是否曾经住在这hadbeenbroughtupinthefamily;andI里；对此我感到遗憾，按理说我应该希wassorryforthat,forIshouldhaveliked望看到罗莎蒙德小姐在她母亲生前的住MissRosamond’syouthtohavepassedwhere处长大成人，但事实并非如此。hermother’shadbeen.Mylord’sgentleman,fromwhomIaskedso我勇敢地向勋爵的助理询问了许多问manyquestionsasIdurst,saidthattheManor题，得知芬尼伏庄园气势宏伟，坐落在HousewasatthefootoftheCumberland坎伯兰菲尔山脚；只有他的姑婆老芬尼Fells,andaverygrandplace;thatanoldMiss伏小姐和几个佣人住在庄园里；但是那Furnivall,agreat-auntofmylord’s,hived里非常适合居住，勋爵先生认为罗莎蒙there,withonlyafewservants;butthatitwasaveryhealthyplace,andmylordhadthought德小姐很适合在那里住上几年，而且她thatitwouldsuitMissRosamondverywell的到来可能会给他那年迈的姑婆解解forafewyears,andthatherbeingtheremight闷。perhapsamusehisoldaunt.IwasbiddenbymylordtohaveMiss某一天勋爵先生吩咐我替罗莎蒙德小姐Rosamond’sthingsreadybyacertainday.收拾好行李。Hewasasternproudman,astheysayallthe别人都说他和所有芬尼伏勋爵们一样都LordsFurnivallwere;andheneverspokea严厉苛刻骄傲自大；而且不到必需时绝wordmorethanwasnecessary.不多说一句废话。Folkdidsayhehadlovedmyyoungmistress;据说他曾经爱过我的女主人；但是由于butthat,becausesheknewthathisfather女主人深知他的父亲会反对他俩，她就wouldobject,shewouldneverlistentohim,没有听信勋爵的话嫁给了易斯威特先andmarriedMr.Esthwaite,butIdon’tknow.生；8 Henevermarried,atanyrate.Buthenever但是这些我之前并不知道，不管怎么样，tookmuchnoticeofMissRosamond;which勋爵终身未娶。但是他从不在意罗莎蒙Ithoughthemighthavedoneifhehadcared德小姐；我想如果他真的喜欢过她死去forherdeadmother.的母亲，他可能早就会留意小姐了。HesenthisgentlemanwithustotheManor勋爵让他的助理送我们去芬尼伏庄园大House,tellinghimtojoinhimatNewcastle宅，还吩咐他当晚在纽卡斯尔会合。因thatsameevening;sotherewasnogreat此他没有时间把我们介绍给那些陌生人lengthoftimeforhimtomakeusknownto认识熟悉一下就匆匆离开。随后只剩下allthestrangersbeforehe,too,shookusoff;孤苦年少的我俩（那时我还不到十八岁）andwewereleft,twolonelyyoungthings(Iwasnoteighteen),inthegreatoldManor呆在古老宏伟的庄园大宅。House.Itseemslikeyesterdaythatwedrovethere.想想我们好像是昨天抵达这里的。Wehadleftourowndearparsonagevery我们早早地离开了牧师住宅区，尽管坐early,andwehadbothcriedasifourhearts在勋爵的马车里，但回想起太多往事，wouldbreak,thoughweweretravellinginmy我们还是如同心碎般泣不成声。lord’scarriage,whichIthoughtsomuchofonce.Andnowitwaslongpastnoonona正值九月的傍晚，我们在一个烟雾缭绕，Septemberday,andwestoppedtochange布满煤矿，到处是煤矿工人的小镇停下horsesforthelasttimeatalittlesmokytown,来，更换了最后一次马匹。allfullofcolliersandminers.MissRosamondhadfallenasleep,butMr.罗莎蒙德小姐早已经睡着了，当途径一Henrytoldmetowakenher,thatshemight个公园和庄园大宅时，亨利先生让我叫seetheparkandtheManorHouseaswe醒罗莎蒙德小姐起来看看风景。唯恐他droveupIthoughtitratherapity;butIdid会在勋爵面前抱怨我，我就按他所说叫whathebademe,forfearheshouldcomplain了小姐，很遗憾小姐没醒。ofmetomylord.Wehadleftallsignsofatown,orevena小镇景色，乡村消风光都渐渐消逝在我village,andweretheninsidethegatesofa们脑后，马车驶进了野生公园的重重大largewildpark—notliketheparksherein门——这里与北方的公园有所不同，公thenorth,butwithrocks,andthenoiseof园里岩石耸立，淙淙流水，荆棘丛生，runningwater,andgnarledthorn-trees,and9 oldoaks,allwhiteandpeeledwithage.还有树影斑驳的古老橡树。Theroadwentupabouttwomiles,andthen大约又赶了两英里的路，我们看到了庄wesawagreatandstatelyhouse,withmany严宏伟的大宅，宅邸周围被许多树木紧treeschosearoundit,soclosethatinsome紧包围，以至于刮风时有些地方的树枝placestheirbranchesdraggedagainstthe在墙上摇曳；有些书上挂满了折断了的wallswhenthewindblew;andsomehung树枝；似乎这地方无人打理；——来给brokendown;fornooneseemedtotakemuchchargeoftheplace;—tolopthewood,orto树木修剪枝叶，保持布满青苔的行车道keepthemoss-coveredcarriagewayinorder.井然有序。尽管这座庄园荒废已久，看上去有点让人毛骨悚然，但仍比我想象中气派多了。Onlyinfrontofthehouseallwasclear.只有大宅的正前方是整洁干净的。Thegreatovaldrivewaswithoutaweed;and宽阔的环形车道周围没有野草，许多窗neithertreenorcreeperwasallowedtogrow户前面也不曾种植树木和藤蔓；有一间overthelong,many-windowedfront;atboth凸出的厢房刚好连着其他两间厢房的正sidesofwhichawingprojected,whichwere面；尽管这座庄园荒废已久，但仍比我eachtheendsofothersidefronts;forthe想象中气派多了。house,althoughitwassodesolate,wasevengranderthanIexpected.BehinditrosetheFells,whichseemed庄园后面是高耸的荒无人烟的费尔斯unenclosedandbareenough;andontheleft山；而后我发现，如果你面向庄园，你handofthehouse,asyoustoodfacingit,was的左手边是一个过时的袖珍花园。alittle,old-fashionedflower-garden,asIfoundoutafterwards.Adooropenedoutuponitfromthewest西边的厢房正门对着花园；花园是专门front;ithadbeenscoopedoutofthethick为了某一个芬尼伏夫人从一片茂密的树darkwoodforsomeoldLadyFurnivall;but林里开辟出来的；但是那些高大的树木thebranchesofthegreatforesttreeshadgrownandovershadoweditagain,andthere的枝桠又长大遮住了花园的阳光，那时wereveryfewflowersthatwouldlivethereat候的园子里肯定没有很多的花。thattime.Whenwedroveuptothegreatfrontentrance,我们驶进了巨大的前门入口处，下了马andwentintothehall,Ithoughtweshouldbe车，走进大厅，里面简直太宽敞气派了，10 lost—itwassolarge,andvast,andgrand.我们当时感觉都要迷路了。Therewaschandelierallofbronze,hung天花板的中央悬挂着纯青铜制作的枝形downfromthemiddleoftheceiling;andI吊灯；我之前从未见过这种灯，惊讶地hadneverseenonebefore,andlookedatitall观察着它。inamaze.Then,atoneendofthehall,wasagreat在大厅的尽头，有一个巨大的壁炉，几fireplace,aslargeasthesidesofthehousesin乎和村子里的住房一般大，壁炉里堆着mycountry,withmassyandironsanddogsto是杂乱的柴架，几只狗依偎在柴堆里；holdthewood;andbyitwereheavy壁炉边上还放着一个沉重的老式沙发。old-fashionedsofas.Attheoppositeendofthehall,totheleftas刚进门的左边是西边一面墙——墙内嵌youwentin—onthewesternside—wasan入一架巨大的风琴，风琴是那么大它几organbuiltintothewall,andsolargethatit乎占满了这边墙的主体部分。filledupthebestpartofthatend.Beyondit,onthesameside,wasadoor;and左边尽头的不远处，有一扇门；壁炉的opposite,oneachsideofthefireplace,were两侧都有门，而这扇门的正对面是通往alsodoorsleadingtotheeastfront;butthoseI东边厢房的前门；我在庄园住了那么长neverwentthroughaslongasIstayedinthe时间我从未打开过这些门，因此我无法house,soIcan’ttellyouwhatlaybeyond.告诉你门后究竟有什么。Theafternoonwasclosingin,and夜幕将近，大厅内还没点灯，看起来黑thehall,whichhadnofirelighted暗阴沉，但是我们也没在大厅停留过长init,lookeddarkandgloomy,butwe时间。didnotstaythereamoment.Theoldservant,whohadopenedthedoorfor一位老佣人替我们打开门，并向亨利先us,bowedtoMr.Henry,andtookusin生鞠了个躬，然后带领我们穿过大风琴throughthedooratthefurthersideofthe里面的那扇门，经过几间小型的大厅和greatorgan,andledusthroughseveral走廊进入了西边的起居室，他说这是芬smallerhallsandpassagesintothewest尼伏小姐的卧室。drawing-room,wherehesaidthatMissFurnivallwassitting.PoorlittleMissRosamondheldverytightto可怜的罗莎蒙德小姐紧紧地搂着我，似me,asifshewerescaredandlostinthatgreat乎害怕在这巨大庄园里走失。至于我自place,andasformyself,Iwasnotmuch11 better.己，也不比小姐好到哪里去。Thewestdrawing-roomwasvery西边这间起居室室内亮起了温馨的灯cheerful-looking,withawarmfireinit,and火，陈列着很多高档舒适的家具，给人plentyofgood,comfortablefurnitureabout.一种愉悦的感觉。MissFurnivallwasanoldladynotfarfrom我认为，芬尼伏小姐应该年近八旬，但eighty,Ishouldthink,butIdonotknow.我也太清楚。Shewasthinandtall,andhadafaceasfullof她身材高挑瘦削，满脸布满细纹，好像finewrinklesasiftheyhadbeendrawnall用针尖画在脸上似的。overitwithaneedle’spoint.Hereyeswereverywatchful,tomakeup,I她的双眼炯炯有神，应该是化了妆的缘suppose,forherbeingsodeafastobeobliged故；她的耳朵聋所以不得不用喇叭对她touseatrumpet.交流。Sittingwithher,workingatthesamegreat跟她坐在一起在缝补一件壁毯的是她的pieceoftapestry,wasMrs.Stark,hermaid贴身女仆，斯达克女士，她俩年纪相仿。andcompanion,andalmostasoldasshewas.ShehadlivedwithMissFurnivalleversince她和芬尼伏小姐是从小就住在一起，看theywerebothyoung,andnowsheseemed上去更像小姐的朋友而不是女仆。她的morelikeafriendthanaservant;shelooked脸看上去阴冷灰暗，面无表情，似乎她socoldandgrey,andstonyasifshehadnever从不喜爱也不在乎任何人；我想除了她lovedorcaredforanyone;andIdon’t的主人，她谁都不理。由于芬尼伏小姐supposeshedidcareforanyone,excepthermistress;and,owingtothegreatdeafnessof后来失聪了，她待小姐如同待孩子百般thelatter,Mrs.Starktreatedherverymuchas呵护。ifshewereachild.Mr.Henrygavesomemessagefrommylord,亨利先生向她们传达了勋爵的消息后便andthenhebowedgood-byetousall,—和大家鞠躬辞别了，——他并没有留意takingnonoticeofmysweetlittleMiss到可爱的小罗莎蒙德与他挥手告别——Rosamond’soutstretchedhand—andleftus只剩下我俩站在那里，两位老妇人坐在standingthere,beinglookedatbythetwoold那里盯着我俩。ladiesthroughtheirspectacles.Iwasrightgladwhentheyrungfortheold我很欣慰她俩摇铃让刚开始我们见过的footmanwhohadshownusinatfirst,and那位老男仆带我俩去我们的房间。12 toldhimtotakeustoourrooms.Sowewentoutofthatgreatdrawing-room,我们出了那间宽敞的起居室，经过另一andintoanothersitting-room,andoutofthat,间起居室，出来后上了一段宽敞的台阶andthenupagreatflightofstairs,andalonga经过一个宽阔的画廊——有点像图书broadgallery—whichwassomethinglikealibrary,havingbooksalldownoneside,馆，画廊的一边摆满了书籍，另一边有andwindowsandwriting-tablesalldownthe窗台和书桌——直到我们到了自己的房other—tillwecametoourrooms,whichI间，值得庆幸的是我们的房间底下就是wasnotsorrytohearwerejustoverthekitchens;forIbegantothinkIshouldbelost厨房；因为刚开始我担心自己会迷失在inthatwildernessofahouse.这荒无人烟的庄园里。Therewasanoldnurserythathadbeenused这里有间古老的育婴室，是很久之前专forallthelittlelordsandladieslongago,with门供小少爷和小姐们使用的，室内的金apleasantfireburninginthegrate,andthe属壁炉里火苗在欢快地燃烧，水壶在炉kettleboilingonthehob,andtea-things盘上沸腾，茶具在桌上排列着；出了育spreadoutonthetable;andoutofthatroom婴室有一间夜间育婴室，在那里罗莎蒙wasthenight-nursery,withalittlecribforMissRosamondclosetomybed.德小姐的童床紧挨着我的床。AndoldJamescalledupDorothy,hiswife,to年迈的詹姆斯呼唤他的妻子桃丽丝来有biduswelcome;andbothheandshewereso迎接我俩的到来；他俩都非常热心善良，hospitableandkind,thatbyandbyMiss不久我和罗莎蒙德就感觉在自己家中一Rosamondandmefeltquiteathome;and样；喝完下午茶后，小姐坐在桃丽丝的bythetimeteawasover,shewassittingon腿上，喋喋不休地在伢伢学语。Dorothy’sknee,andchatteringawayasfastasherlittletonguecouldgo.IsoonfoundoutthatDorothywasfrom不久我得知桃丽丝也来自威斯特摩兰，Westmoreland,andthatboundherandme这就拉近了我和她的距离，仿佛是老相together,asitwere;andIwouldneverwishto识一般。他俩是我见过最心地善良的人。meetwithkinderpeoplethanwereoldJamesandhiswife.Jameshadlivedprettynearlyallhislifeinmy詹姆斯已在勋爵家里度过了大半辈子，lord’sfamily,andthoughttherewasnooneas应该没人比他俩呆在庄园的时间更长。grandasthey.Heevenlookeddownalittleonhiswife;他曾经还瞧不起他的妻子，因为在他未13 because,tillhehadmarriedher,shehadnever娶她之前，仅仅是个农民。但是后来他livedinanybutafarmer’shousehold.Buthe会尽可能去喜欢她。wasveryfondofher,aswellhemightbe.Theyhadoneservantunderthem,todoall他们俩有一名佣人，专门负责干粗活。theroughwork.Agnestheycalledher;and大家都叫她艾格尼丝，这个家庭由艾格herandme,andJamesandDorothy,with尼丝，我，詹姆斯，桃丽丝及芬尼伏夫MissFurnivallandMrs.Stark,madeupthefamily;alwaysrememberingmysweetlittle人和斯达克女士组成，别忘了还有我的MissRosamond!小可爱罗莎蒙德小姐！Iusedtowonderwhattheyhaddonebefore我时常在想在小姐来这儿之前他们都做shecame,theythoughtsomuchofhernow.些什么，但是可以看得出来他们现在对Kitchenanddrawing-room,itwasallthe她十分关心。厨房和客厅都是一模一样。same.Thehard,sadMissFurnivall,andthecold当严肃忧郁的芬尼伏夫人和冷漠的斯达Mrs.Stark,lookedpleasedwhenshecame克女士看到小姐像只小鸟似的来来回回flutteringinlikeabird,playingandpranking玩耍还不时地兴奋得嘀嘀咕咕时，她们hitherandthither,withacontinualmurmur,andprettyprattleofgladness.脸上露出一丝喜悦。Iamsure,theyweresorrymanyatimewhen我敢肯定的是，当小姐溜进厨房时她们sheflittedawayintothekitchen,thoughthey会感到很很遗憾，尽管她俩太过自大以weretooproudtoaskhertostaywiththem,至于开不了口让小姐和她们呆在一起，andwerealittlesurprisedathertaste;though但她俩在得知小姐的口味之后依然感到tobesure,asMrs.Starksaiditwasnottobe很惊喜；尽管可以肯定，但是斯达克夫wonderedat,rememberingwhatstockherfatherhadcomeof.人能够记住她的父亲的仓库里都有什么也不足为奇。Thegreat,oldramblinghousewasafamous罗莎蒙德小姐觉得这是座气势宏伟，古placeforlittleMissRosamond.老幽深，远近有名的庄园。Shemadeexpeditionsalloverit,withmeat在我的陪同下，她已经蹑手蹑脚在到处herheels;all,excepttheeastwing,whichwas探了个究竟，除了常年房门紧锁，无人neveropened,andwhitherweneverthought问津的东边厢房。ofgoing.Butinthewesternandnorthernpartwas厢房的西边和北边的房间都令人感到愉manyapleasantroom;fullofthingsthatwere悦，室内陈列许多物品让我们很好奇，14 curiositiestous,thoughtheymightnothave很多人都没见识过这些物品。beentopeoplewhohadseenmore.Thewindowsweredarkenedbythesweeping窗户被杂乱无章的枝桠和长势繁茂的藤boughsofthetrees,andtheivywhichhad蔓遮得严严实实；但是，在这绿叶映衬overgrownthem:but,inthegreengloom,we的阴暗中，我们还能看到一些古老的中couldmanagetoseeoldChinajarsand国器皿和雕琢的象牙匣子，还有一些沉carvedivoryboxes,andgreatheavybooks,甸甸的著作，显然，还有古老的画。and,aboveall,theoldpictures!Once,Iremember,mydarlingwouldhave我记得有一次，亲爱的小姐让桃丽丝同Dorothygowithustotelluswhotheyall我俩一起去那房间让她告诉我们这些画were;fortheywereallportraitsofsomeof像上分别都是谁。由于这些画都是勋爵mylord’sfamily,thoughDorothycouldnot家族成员的肖像，桃丽丝也没能清楚地tellusthenamesofeveryone.将每个人的名字告诉我们。Wehadgonethroughmostoftherooms,我们将大多数的房间都参观了一遍，当whenwecametotheoldstatedrawing-room我们来到一间古老庄严的客厅时，墙上overthehall,andtherewasapictureofMiss挂着一幅芬尼伏小姐的画像；或许，当Furnivall;or,asshewascalledinthosedays,她还未出嫁时大家都叫她格蕾丝小姐，MissGrace,forshewastheyoungersister.因为她是妹妹。Suchabeautyshemusthavebeen!butwith她曾经肯定是个美人！她表情安静孤傲，suchaset,proudlook,andsuchscornlooking眉毛微微抬起,清秀的双眸里里折射出outofherhandsomeeyes,withhereyebrows藐视一切的神情，她似乎在想任何人盯justalittleraised,asifshewerewonderinghowanyonecouldhavetheimpertinenceto着她看都是多么的鲁莽；我们这样盯着lookather;andherlipcurledatus,aswe她的时候，她的嘴角也还是微微上扬。stoodtheregazing.Shehadadresson,thelikeofwhichIhad她身上的衣服我从未见过，但那肯定是neverseenbefore,butitwasallthefashion她年轻时流行的衣服；她头戴一顶柔软whenshewasyoung:ahatofsomesoftwhite的类似河狸皮的白色帽子，稍稍遮住了stufflikebeaver,pulledalittleoverher她眉毛稍上的部位，帽子的一边由漂亮brows,andabeautifulplumeoffeathers的羽毛点缀着；她的蓝绸缎子长袍在开sweepingrounditononeside;andhergownofbluesatinwasopeninfronttoaquilted口处露出了缝制的白色装饰肚兜。whitestomacher.15 ‘Well,tobesure!’saidI,whenIhadgazed‘好吧，我知道了’我大饱眼福了。myfill.‘Fleshisgrass,theydosay;butwhowould‘凡有血肉的，到头来皆都如草，正如所havethoughtthatMissFurnivallhadbeen言；但是看到芬尼伏小姐现在的样子，suchanout-and-outbeauty,toseehernow?’谁会想过芬尼伏小姐曾是个彻头彻尾的美人？’‘Yes,’saidDorothy.‘Folkschangesadly.But‘是的’桃丽丝说道。‘世事难料啊。但是ifwhatmymaster’sfatherusedtosaywas如果勋爵的父亲曾经说的话是真的，姐true,MissFurnivall,theeldersister,was姐才是芬尼伏夫人，她比格蕾丝夫人更handsomerthanMissGrace.漂亮。Herpictureisheresomewhere;but,ifIshow她的画像放在某个地方；但是，如果我ityou,youmustneverleton,eventoJames,带你去看，你必须要保密，甚至不能向thatyouhaveseenit.Canthelittleladyhold詹姆斯提起你看过画像。你觉得你的小hertongue,thinkyou?’askedshe.姐能替我保守秘密吗?’她问我。Iwasnotsosure,forshewassuchalittle我不敢保证，因为她还是个可爱勇敢，sweet,bold,open-spokenchild,soIsetherto讲话大大咧咧的孩子，所以我就让她去hideherself;andthenIhelpedDorothyto藏起来；然后我帮桃丽丝将一幅巨画翻turnagreatpicture,thatleanedwithitsface过来，让其正面倚着墙，不像其他画像towardsthewall,andwasnothungupasthe一样挂着。otherswere.Tobesure,itbeatMissGraceforbeauty;and,的确，芬尼伏夫人的美貌更胜一筹；但Ithink,forscornfulpride,too,thoughinthat是她也有一种不屑一顾的孤傲，我认为matteritmightbehardtochoose.或许她不得选择这种表情。Icouldhavelookedatitanhour,butDorothy我盯着画像看了半个小时，但是桃丽丝seemedhalffrightenedathavingshownitto似乎很害怕给我看这幅画像，匆忙又将me,andhurrieditbackagain,andbademe画像翻过去了，叮嘱我赶紧去找罗莎蒙runandfindMissRosamond,forthatthere德小姐，由于这庄园里有一些见不得人weresomeuglyplacesaboutthehouse,where的地方，怕孩子看到会不好。sheshouldlikeillforthechildtogo.Iwasabrave,high-spiritedgirl,andthought我还算是个勇敢精明的姑娘，不太相信littleofwhattheoldwomansaid,forIliked这个老妇人所言，因为我曾和其他孩子16 hide-and-seekaswellasanychildinthe一样喜欢在教区里捉迷藏；随后我跑去parish;sooffIrantofindmylittleone.寻找罗莎蒙德小姐。Aswinterdrewon,andthedaysgrewshorter,渐入冬季，白天越来越短，我很肯定时IwassometimesalmostcertainthatIhearda常听见噪音，仿佛有人在演奏大厅里的noiseasifsomeonewasplayingonthegreat风琴。organinthehall.Ididnotheariteveryevening;but,certainly,我不是每天夜里都能听到；但是，肯定Ididveryoften;usuallywhenIwassitting的是，我经常听见；我和小姐坐在一起withMissRosamond,afterIhadputherto时或者是在我将小姐安顿入睡后，卧室bed,andkeepingquitestillandsilentinthe里寂静无声时。bedroom.ThenIusedtohearitboomingandswelling然后我就会听到风琴在远处起伏作响。awayinthedistance.Thefirstnight,whenIwentdowntomy第一天夜里，我下楼去吃晚餐时问桃丽supper,IaskedDorothywhohadbeen丝谁在演奏曲子，詹姆斯轻描淡写地说playingmusic,andJamessaidveryshortlythatIwasagowktotakethewindsoughing我是个傻瓜，误认为风吹树叶的声音是amongthetreesformusic:butIsawDorothy曲子：但是我看见桃丽丝惊恐地看着他，lookathimveryfearfully,andBessy,thekitchen-maid,saidsomethingbeneathher还有帮厨女佣贝斯欲言又止。breath,andwentquitewhite.Isawtheydidnotlikemyquestion,soIheld我知道大家不想回答我的问题，所以我mypeacetillIwaswithDorothyalone,when一直感到坐立不安直到只剩我和桃丽丝IknewIcouldgetagooddealoutofher.两人的时候，我知道我可能能从她嘴里得到答案。So,thenextday,Iwatchedmytime,andI第二天，我找了合适时间，劝说般问她coaxedandaskedherwhoitwasthatplayed是谁在演奏风琴；因为我知道那是风琴theorgan;forIknewthatitwastheorganand声不是风声，我在詹姆斯面前只字不提。notthewindwellenough,forallIhadkeptsilencebeforeJames.ButDorothyhadhadherlesson,I’llwarrant,但是桃丽丝显然已经被警告过了，我敢andneverawordcouldIgetfromher.肯定从她那里我也得不到答案。SothenItriedBessy,thoughIhadalways所以后来尝试问过贝斯，尽管在她面前heldmyheadratheraboveher,aswasevened17 toJamesandDorothy,andshewaslittle我时常昂首挺胸，甚至在桃丽丝和詹姆betterthantheirservant.斯面前也是这样，但感觉贝斯比其他佣人要好一些。SoshesaidImustnever,nevertell;她让我绝不能，绝不能说出去；如果我andifIevertold,Iwasnevertosayshehad说出去了也不能说是她告诉我的；但是toldme;butitwasaverystrangenoise,and在还没刮风之前，几乎冬天每个夜晚我shehadheardmanyatime,butmostofallonwinternights,andbeforestorms;andfolks听到经常听到这奇怪的声音；人们都说didsay,itwastheoldlordplayingonthe是死去的老雇主在大厅演奏风琴，正如greatorganinthehall,justasheusedtowhen他生前时常演奏一样；但是谁是老雇主，hewasalive;butwhotheoldlordwas,orwhyheplayed,andwhyheplayedon他为何演奏风琴，而且为何偏偏在暴风stormywintereveningsinparticular,she雪的冬季夜晚，她也无法告诉我这些。eithercouldnotorwouldnottellme.Well!唉！ItoldyouIhadabraveheart;andthoughtit我之前说过我很勇敢，曼妙的曲子回荡wasratherpleasanttohavethatgrandmusic在庄园的上空也是很令人愉悦的事情，rollingaboutthehouse,letwhowouldbethe但是是谁在演奏呢；现在正如同刮起一player;fornowitroseabovethegreatgusts阵狂风如同幽灵般横扫肆掠，随后又变ofwind,andwailedandtriumphedjustlikea成一片寂静。只有音乐和曲子才有节奏，livingcreature,andthenitfelltoasoftnessmostcomplete;onlyitwasalwaysmusicand风声何谈节奏。tunes,soitwasnonsensetocallitthewind.IthoughtatfirstthatitmightbeMiss起先我以为贝斯不知道是芬尼伏夫人在Furnivallwhoplayed,unknowntoBessy;but演奏风琴；但是有一天我亲自来到大厅，onedaywhenIwasinthehallbymyself,I打开风琴，仔细查看风琴四周，之前我openedtheorganandpeepedallaboutitandaroundit,asIhaddonetotheorganin在克罗斯维特教堂时就会拉风琴，我看CrosthwaiteChurchoncebefore,andIsawit到它里外已经完全破损，尽管我自诩很wasallbrokenanddestroyedinside,thoughit勇敢，但在中午时分，我还是有点毛骨lookedsobraveandfineandthen,thoughitwasnoonday,myfleshbegantocreepa悚然，我合上风琴，飞快地奔向我那明little,andIshutitup,andrunawaypretty亮的育婴室；从那之后很长一段时间我quicklytomyownbrightnursery;andIdid没听到音乐了，而且詹姆斯和桃丽丝也notlikehearingthemusicforsometimeafter18 that,anymorethanJamesandDorothydid.没听到。AllthistimeMissRosamondwasmaking慢慢地罗莎蒙德小姐变得越来越惹人心herselfmoreandmorebeloved.生怜爱。Theoldladieslikedhertodinewiththemat芬尼伏夫人和斯达克喜欢和小姐共进晚theirearlydinner;JamesstoodbehindMiss餐；詹姆斯站在芬尼伏夫人椅子后面，Furnivall’schair,andIbehindMiss我站在小姐身后，一切井然有序，晚餐Rosamond’sallinstate;and,afterdinner,.she之后，她会在寂静无声的起居室角落里wouldplayaboutinacornerofthegreat玩耍，芬尼伏夫人在打盹儿，我在厨房drawing-room,asstillasanymouse,whileMissFurnivallslept,andIhadmydinnerin里吃晚饭。thekitchen.Butshewasgladenoughtocometomeinthe但是她从育婴室后面兴高采烈地跑过来nurseryafterwards;for,asshesaid,Miss说，芬尼伏夫人太忧郁了，斯达克太愚Furnivallwassosad,andMrs.Starksodull;钝了；只有和我在一起是最开心的；慢butsheandIweremerryenough;and,慢地我没也在注意那奇怪而绵延起伏的by-and-by,Igotnottocareforthatweird音乐声，要是我们不知道这声音从何而rollingmusic,whichdidonenoharm,ifwedidnotknowwhereitcamefrom.来，这声音对人也并无大碍。Thatwinterwasverycold.那年冬天很冷。InthemiddleofOctoberthefrostsbeganand十月中旬开始下霜了，而且持续了好几lastedmany,manyweeks.个星期。Iremember,onedayatdinner,MissFurnivall我记得，有一天在晚餐时，芬尼伏夫人lifteduphersad,heavyeyes,andsaidtoMrs.用她那忧伤沉重的眼神看着斯达克说，Stark,‘Iamafraidweshallhaveaterrible“可怕的冬天又要来临了，”话里透着一winter,’inastrangekindofmeaningway.种奇怪的意思。ButMrs.Starkpretendednottohear,and但是斯达克假装没听到，故意高声谈论talkedveryloudofsomethingelse.其他事情。MylittleladyandIdidnotcareforthefrost;我的小姐和我并不在意下霜；我们不在notwe!意！Aslongasitwasdryweclimbedupthesteep只要天气晴朗我们就去爬庄园后面的陡brows,behindthehouse,andwentuponthe峭的山坡，爬上贫瘠荒凉的费尔斯山，19 Fellswhichwerebleak,andbareenough,and迎着新鲜却刺骨的空气我们在那里进行thereweranracesinthefreshsharpair;and跑步比赛；有一次，我们沿着一条没走oncewecamedownbyanewpaththattook过的小路下山途径两棵古老的冬青树，uspastthetwooldgnarledholly-trees,whichgrewabouthalf-waydownbytheeastsideof生长在庄园东边到山上中间的山路上。thehouse.Butthedaysgrewshorterandshorter;andthe然而，白天越来越短；死去的老雇主，oldlord,ifitwashe,playedmoreandmore如果是他的话，他演奏的风琴声音更加stormilyandsadlyonthegreatorgan.急促悲伤。OneSundayafternoon—itmusthavebeen一个周日下午—当时应该是将近十一towardstheendofNovember—Iasked月末—芬尼伏夫人正在睡午觉，桃丽DorothytotakechargeoflittleMissywhen丝从起居室走出来时，我让桃丽丝照看shecameoutofthedrawing-room,afterMiss一下小姐；因为外面太冷不能带她一起Furnivallhadhadhernap;foritwastoocold去教堂做礼拜，但是我十分想去。totakeherwithmetochurch,andyetIwantedtogo.AndDorothywasgladenoughtopromise,桃丽丝爽快地答应了，她似乎也很喜欢andwassofondofthechildthatallseemed这孩子；尽管天空中沉重的乌云笼罩着well;BessyandIsetoffverybriskly,though苍茫的大地，贝斯和我兴高采烈地出发theskyhungheavyandblackoverthewhite了，仿佛昨日夜幕未曾褪去，空气异常earth,asifthenighthadneverfullygone平静寒冷却透着热情。away;andtheair,thoughstill,wasverybitingandkeen.‘Weshallhaveafallofsnow,’saidBessyto“看来要下雪了”贝斯对我说道。me.Andsureenough,evenwhilewewerein的确，当我们到达教堂时，外面就飘起church,itcamedownthick,ingreatlarge了鹅毛般的大雪，雪花几乎将窗户遮得flakes,sothickitalmostdarkenedthe严严实实。windows.Ithadstoppedsnowingbeforewecameout,我们从教堂出来时雪已经停了，当时我butitlaysoft,thickanddeepbeneathourfeet,们拖着沉重的步伐走在柔软厚实及脚的aswetrampedhome.雪地里。Beforewegottothehallthemoonrose,andI我们回到大厅之前，月亮升了起来，天20 thinkitwaslighterthen,—whatwiththe色变得稍微明亮些，可能是因为月光，moon,andwhatwiththewhitedazzlingsnow也可能是因为飞舞的雪花，看上去就像—ithadbeenwhenwewenttochurch,我们去教堂时两三点钟的样子。betweentwoandthreeo’clock.IhavenottoldyouthatMissFurnivalland我还没告诉你们芬尼伏夫人和斯达克从Mrs.Starkneverwenttochurch:theyusedto不去教堂做礼拜：她们时常一起用她们readtheprayerstogether,intheirquiet安静忧郁的方式默读祈祷书；她们似乎gloomyway;theyseemedtofeeltheSunday不会在这漫长的周日里丢下手中的正忙verylongwithouttheirtapestry-worktobe着的壁毯针线活。busyat.SowhenIwenttoDorothyinthekitchen,to所以当我到厨房找桃丽丝来接小姐跟我fetchMissRosamondandtakeherupstairs一起回楼上时，得知小姐正和两位夫人withme,Ididnotmuchwonderwhentheold在一起我一点也不感到意外，小姐正在womantoldmethattheladieshadkeptthechildwiththem,andthatshehadnevercome起居室里好好玩耍，都没进过厨房，正tothekitchen,asIhadbiddenher,whenshe如我叮嘱过一样。wastiredofbehavingprettyinthedrawing-room.SoItookoffmythingsandwenttofindher,所以我放下东西才去找她，想带她到育andbringhertohersupperinthenursery.婴室吃晚餐。ButwhenIwentintothebestdrawing-room但是当我走进起居室时只看见两位老太theresatthetwooldladies,verystilland太一丝不动地坐在那里，时而不时的交quiet,droppingoutawordnowandthenbut谈着，表情非常沉重忧郁，好像罗莎蒙lookingasifnothingsobrightandmerryas德小姐不曾跟她俩在一起。MissRosamondhadeverbeennearthem.StillIthoughtshemightbehidingfromme;it我还以为小姐自己躲起来了，她就喜欢wasoneofherprettyways;andthatshehad这样玩，而且还让她们装着不知道她躲persuadedthemtolookasiftheyknew在哪里；所以我小心地向沙发底下，椅nothingabouther;soIwentsoftlypeeping子后面窥视，让她相信找不到她我感到underthissofa,andbehindthatchair,making悲伤担心。believeIwassadlyfrightenedatnotfindingher.What’sthematter,Hester?’saidMrs.Stark,“怎么了，海斯特？”斯达克语气尖锐地sharply.说。21 Idon’tknowifMissFurnivallhadseenme,我不知道芬尼伏夫人是否看到我了，正for,asItoldyou,shewasverydeaf,andshe如我所说的，她耳朵很背，她非常安详satquitestill,idlystaringintothefire,with地坐着，带着绝望的表情，目光游离在herhopelessface.壁炉里。‘I’monlylookingformylittleRosy-Posy,’“我只是在寻找我的心肝宝贝，”我回答repliedI,stillthinkingthatthechildwas道，我仍认为孩子在那里，在我周围，there,andnearme,thoughIcouldnotseeher.只不过我没看到她而已。‘MissRosamondisnothere,’saidMrs.Stark.“罗莎蒙德小姐不在这里，”斯达克说。“早‘Shewentawaymorethananhouragotofind在一个小时之前她跑去找桃丽丝了。”Dorothy.’Andshetooturnedandwentonlookinginto接着她也扭过头继续盯着火苗。thefire.Myheartsankatthis,andIbegantowishI听到这话我的心一落千丈，我开始懊恼hadneverleftmydarling.自己要是没有丢下她就好了。IwentbacktoDorothyandtoldher.我跑回去告诉了桃丽丝这件事。Jameswasgoneoutfortheday,butsheand詹姆斯那天刚好出门了，但是她和我还meandBessytooklightsandwentupintothe有贝斯提着灯上楼先进了育婴室寻找，nurseryfirst,andthenweroamedoverthe随后我们在这巨大的庄园里扫视，呼唤greatlargehouse,callingandentreatingMiss着祈求着罗莎蒙德小姐从躲藏处出来，Rosamondtocomeoutofherhiding-place,不能用捉迷藏来吓唬我们。andnotfrightenustodeathinthatway.Buttherewasnoanswer;nosound.但是无人回应，毫无声响。‘Oh!’saidIatlast.’Canshehavegotintothe“对了！”最后我说道。“她是不是去了东eastwingandhiddenthere?’厢房藏在那里？”ButDorothysaiditwasnotpossible,forthat但是桃丽丝说那是不可能的，因为连她sheherselfhadneverbeenthere;thatthe自己都未曾去过那里；她说那屋子的门doorswerealwayslocked,andmylord’s全都锁上了，钥匙在勋爵的管家手里；stewardhadthekeys,shebelieved;atany不管怎么说，她和詹姆斯都没见过钥匙：rate,neithershenorJameshadeverseen因此我说我得回去找找看，她是否躲在them:soIsaidIwouldgoback,andseeif,afterall,shewasnothiddeninthe起居室里，毕竟老太太都不知道；而且22 drawing-room,unknowntotheoldladies;and要是我在那里找到她，我要好好打她一ifIfoundherthere,Isaid,Iwouldwhipher顿，她可吓死我了；但是我绝不是有意wellforthefrightshehadgivenme;butI要打她。nevermeanttodoit.Well,Iwentbacktothewestdrawing-room,我又回到西边的起居室告诉斯达克我们andItoldMrs.Starkwecouldnotfindher到处都找不到小姐，请求她们暂时出去anywhere,andaskedforleavetolookall一下我们要搬动所有的家具找找看，因aboutthefurniturethere,forIthoughtnow,thatshemighthavefallenasleepinsome为我认为她可能在哪个温暖的角落里睡warmhiddencorner;butno!Welooked,Miss着了；随后我们又出发去寻找，屋子里Furnivallgotupandlooked,tremblingall的每件家具里，我们之前已经找过的地over,andshewasnowherethere;thenwesetoffagain,everyoneinthehouse,andlooked方又找了一遍，但是还是没有找到。inalltheplaceswehadsearchedbefore,butwecouldnotfindher.MissFurnivallshiveredandshooksomuch芬尼伏夫人剧烈地颤抖着摇摇头，斯达thatMrs.Starktookherbackintothewarm克和她一起回到了温暖的起居室。在此drawingroom;butnotbeforetheyhadmade之前她们要我保证把小姐找到送到她们mepromisetobringhertothemwhenshe身边。wasfound.Well-a-day!多么糟糕的一天啊！Ibegantothinksheneverwouldbefound,我记得当时自己看着巨大的白雪覆盖着whenIbethoughtmetolookoutintothegreat前庭院子，开始觉得再也不会找到小姐frontcourt,allcoveredwithsnow.了。IwasupstairswhenIlookedout;butitwas上楼时我朝窗外看了看；然而外面明朗suchclearmoonlight,Icouldsee,quiteplain,的月光下，我能看见，十分清晰的两行twolittlefootprints,whichmightbetraced小脚印，脚印是从大厅门口出来，绕着fromthehalldoor,androundthecorneroftheeastwing.墙角直到东厢房。Idon’tknowhowIgotdown,butItugged我不知道自己怎么下了楼梯，我拉开大openthegreat,stiffhalldoor;and,throwing厅里坚硬沉重的大门；拿着长袍的裙子theskirtofmygownovermyheadfora放头上当作斗篷，就跑了出去。cloak,Iranout.Iturnedtheeastcorner,andthereablack拐过东边的墙角，我看到雪地里有个黑23 shadowfellonthesnow;butwhenIcame色的影子；但是当我再次走到月光照着againintothemoonlight,therewerethelittle地方，那里有一串小脚印一直走向费尔footmarksgoingup—uptotheFells.斯山上。Itwasbittercold;socoldthattheairalmost天气寒冷刺骨，我跑起来的时候，冰冷tooktheskinoffmyfaceasIran,butIranon,的空气几乎要撕裂我的脸庞，但是我继cryingtothinkhowmypoorlittledarling续向上奔跑，哭喊着认为我那可怜的小mustbeperished,andfrightened.姐一定是冻死了或者受了惊吓。Iwaswithinsightoftheholly-treeswhenI当我看到牧羊人从山上下来，怀里抱着sawashepherdcomingdownthehill,bearing一用用灰色大衣裹起来的东西时，我已somethinginhisarmswrappedinhismaud.经可以看到那颗冬青树了。Heshoutedtome,andaskedmeifIhadlosta他朝我大声呼喊，问我是不是丢失了一bairn;and,whenIcouldnotspeakforcrying,个孩子；当时我哭着说不出话来，他把heboretowardsme,andIsawmywee孩子面向我，我看到我的小宝贝静静地bairnielyingstill,andwhite,andstiff,his躺在他的怀里，脸色煞白，全身僵硬，arms,asifshehadbeendead.似乎已经死了。HetoldmehehadbeenuptheFellstogather他说在寒冷的深夜之前，他上山去赶羊，inhissheep,beforethedeepcoldofnight在冬青树底下（冬青树是山路上的黑色cameon,andthatundertheholly-trees(black标志，周围并无其他灌木丛），他看到了marksonthehillside,wherenootherbush我的小姐—我的小羊羔—我的女王wasformilesaround)hehadfoundmylittle—我的宝贝—睡着了被遗忘在那里，lady—mylamb—myqueen—mydarling—stiffandcold,intheterriblesleepwhichis全身冻得僵硬。frost-begotten.Oh!Thejoyandthetearsofhavingherinmy啊！再次能将她抱在怀里我高兴得哭了！armsonceagain!forIwouldnotlethimcarry我不再让牧羊人抱着她，我将包裹着的her;buttookher,maudandall,intomyown孩子紧紧搂在怀里，让她紧贴我的温暖arms,andheldhernearmyownwarmneck的胸膛，我感觉搂着她的四肢把她从死andheart,andfeltthelifestealingslowly亡的边缘慢慢缓过来。backagainintoherlittlegentlelimbs.Butshewasstillinsensiblewhenwereached但是当我回到大厅时她还是特别僵硬，thehall,andIhadnobreathforspeech.我紧张得说不出话。24 Wewentinbythekitchendoor.我们直接走向厨房。‘Bringthewarming-pan,’saidI;andIcarried“拿炭炉过来，”我说道；我把她抱到楼上，herupstairsandbeganundressingherbythe贝斯把炭炉点着，在育婴室的火炉旁边nurseryfire,whichBessyhadkeptup.给她脱衣服。Icalledmylittlelammieallthesweetand我呼唤着能想起来的她所有的甜美昵称playfulnamesIcouldthinkof—evenwhile—尽管我早已泪眼模糊；最后，啊！终myeyeswereblindedbymytearsandatlast,究她睁开了蓝色的大眼睛。oh!Atlengthsheopenedherlargeblueeyes.ThenIputherintoherwarmbed,andsent然后我把她放到暖和的被窝，让桃丽丝DorothydowntotellMissFurnivallthatall下楼向芬尼伏夫人汇报一切都好；我下waswell;andImadeupmymindtositbymy定决心整晚都会守在她的床边。darling’sbedsidethelive-longnight.Shefellawayintoasoftsleepassoonasher她那可爱的头一碰到枕头立刻就睡得很prettyheadhadtouchedthepillow,andI安稳，而我看着她直到天亮；天亮时她watchedheruntilmorninglight;whenshe开心且清醒地醒了—或许我当时记得wakenedupbrightandclear—orsoI是那样—我亲爱的孩子们，现在我还thoughtatfirst—and,mydears,soIthink记得。now.Shesaidthatshehadfanciedthatsheshould小姐说她记得她想去找桃丽丝，因为两liketogotoDorothy,forthatboththeold位老太太都睡着了，呆在那里她感到很ladieswereasleep,anditwasverydullinthe枯燥；但是当她穿过西边的走廊时，她drawing-room;andthat,asshewasgoing透过高大的窗户看到外面雪花在飘落throughthewestlobby,shesawthesnow—飘落—很轻柔很缓慢；但是她想看throughthehighwindowfalling—falling—softandsteady;butshewantedtoseeitlying看正覆盖在地面上的皑皑白雪；所以她prettyandwhiteontheground;soshemade径自走向大厅；然后她走到窗户前，看herwayintothegreathall;andthen,goingto到马车道上铺上了明亮柔软的白雪；但thewindow,shesawitbrightandsoftupon是她站在那里，看到一个和她差不多大thedrive;butwhileshestoodthere,shesawa的小女孩，“她很漂亮了，”小宝贝说道，littlegirl,notsooldasshewas,‘butso“而且这个小女孩呼唤她出去；“她太甜美pretty,’saidmydarling,‘andthislittlegirlbeckonedtometocomeout;andoh,shewas可爱了，以至于我不得不出去。”soprettyandsosweet,Icouldnotchoosebut25 togo.’Andthenthisotherlittlegirlhadtakenherby然后这小女孩牵起她的手，两人并排绕thehand,andsidebysidethetwohadgone到东边的拐角。roundtheeastcorner.‘Nowyouareanaughtylittlegirl,andtelling“你真是个淘气的小女孩现在学会跟我stories,’saidI.‘Whatwouldyourgood编故事了，”我说“你的妈妈正在天堂里，mamma,thatisinheaven,andnevertolda她生前可从未给她的罗莎蒙德小姐编过storyinherlife,saytoherlittleRosamond,if一个故事，如果她能听到她—而且她知sheheardher—andIdaresayshedoes道她的女儿，我敢说她肯定能听到——tellingstories!’在编故事！”‘Indeed,Hester,’sobbedoutmychild,‘I’m“是真的，海斯特，”孩子抽噎起来，“我tellingyoutrue.IndeedIam.’说得都是实话，确实是真的。”‘Don’ttellme!’saidI,verystern.‘Itracked“别跟我说这些！”我严厉地说。“我是沿youbyyourfootmarksthroughthesnow;着你的脚印在雪地里走；我只看到你的therewereonlyyourstobeseen:andifyou脚印：如果你和小女孩手牵手并排向山hadhadalittlegirltogohand-in-handwith上走去，你不觉得也有一排脚印和你的youupthehill,don’tyouthinkthefootprints脚印并排吗？”wouldhavegonealongwithyours?’‘Ican’thelpit,dear,dearHester,’saidshe’,“我是情不自禁地跟她一起走的，亲爱crying,‘iftheydidnot;Ineverlookedather的，亲爱的海斯特，”她哭着说“如果没有feet,butsheheldmyhandfastandtightinher脚印，我也没在意她的脚印，她冰凉冰littleone,anditwasvery,verycold.Shetook凉的小手紧紧拉着我的手。她带领我向meuptheFell-path,uptotheholly-trees;and费尔斯山路走去直到冬青树那里，我看thereIsawaladyweepingandcrying;butwhenshesawme,shehushedherweeping,见一个女士在那里哭喊；但是当她看到andsmiledveryproudandgrand,andtook我她就不哭了，流露出自豪安详的微笑，meonherknee,andbegantolullmetosleep;把握抱到她的膝盖上，开始哄我睡觉；andthat’sall,Hester—butthatistrue;and就这些，海斯特—但这都是真的；我mydearmammaknowsitis,’saidshe,crying.亲爱的妈妈知道我没说谎，”她哭着说道。SoIthoughtthechildwasinafever,and当她一遍又一遍地叙述她的故事时，而26 pretendedtobelieveher,asshewentoverher且每次都是一模一样，所以我认为这孩story—overandoveragain,andalwaysthe子是发高烧了，假装相信她的话。same.AtlastDorothyknockedatthedoorwith最后桃丽丝敲门送来了小姐的早餐，她MissRosamond’sbreakfast;andshetoldme告诉我两位老太太在楼下吃奶酪，她们theoldladiesweredownintheeatingparlour,要和我谈话。andthattheywantedtospeaktome.Theyhadbothbeenintothenight-nurserythe天黑之前她俩一直在育婴室里坐着，但eveningbefore,butitwasafterMiss是罗莎蒙德小姐当时睡着了；所以她们Rosamondwasasleep;sotheyhadonly只能看看小姐—没有问我任何问题。lookedather—notaskedmeanyquestions.‘Ishallcatchit,’thoughtItomyself,asIwent“我会弄清楚事情的来龙去脉。”我自己心alongthenorthgallery.‘Andyet.’Ithought,里估摸着穿过了北边的画廊。“而且。”takingcourage,‘itwasintheirchargeIleft我鼓起勇气，想着“我离开后是她们负责her;andit’stheythat’stoblameforlettingher看管小姐，小姐神不知鬼不觉地偷偷溜stealawayunknownandunwatched.’出去的事情，该受责备的人是她们。”SoIwentinboldly,andtoldmystory.我大胆地走进起居室跟她们讲了事情的经过。ItolditalltoMissFurnivall,shoutingclose我对着芬尼伏夫人的耳边大声对她讲了toherear;butwhenIcametothementionof一切。但是当我提到外面雪地里有另外theotherlittlegirloutinthesnow,coaxing一个女孩劝诱小姐出去，带她到冬青树andtemptingherout,andwillingherupto旁边的女士身边时，她举起胳膊—她thegrandandbeautifulladybytheholly-tree,那苍老萎缩的胳膊—大声哭喊，“啊！shethrewherarmsup—heroldandwitheredarms—andcriedaloud,‘Oh!Heaven,forgive!上帝，原谅我！仁慈的上帝！”Havemercy!’Mrs.Starktookholdofher;roughlyenough,I斯达克握住她的胳膊，而且相当用力，thought;butshewaspastMrs.Stark’s我觉得是这样；但是芬尼伏夫人挣脱了management,andspoketome,inakindof斯达克的束缚，以一种狂野的警告和命wildwarningandauthority.‘Hester!Keepher令语气对我说话。“海斯特！让罗莎蒙德fromthatchild!Itwilllurehertoherdeath!远离那个孩子！那会诱惑她去死的！那Thatevilchild!Tellheritisawicked,27 naughtychild.’个罪恶的孩子！告诉小姐那是个恶劣且淘气的孩子。”ThenMrs.Starkhurriedmeoutoftheroom;然后斯达克让我赶紧出去；的确，我不where,indeed,Iwasgladenoughtogo;but该在那儿，我很乐意走；但是芬尼伏夫MissFurnivallkeptshriekingout,‘Oh!Have人还在大吼大叫，“啊！仁慈的上帝！你mercy!WiltThouneverforgive!Itismanya永远都不会原谅我！那是在很多年之前”longyearago’——Iwasveryuneasyinmymindafterthat.在那之后我一直心神不宁，IdurstneverleaveMissRosamond,nightor白天夜晚我再也不敢离开罗莎蒙德小day,forfearlestshemightslipoffagain,after姐，唯恐她在看到幻觉或者其他东西后somefancyorother;andallthemorebecause可能又溜出去；更或者是因为我从芬尼IthoughtIcouldmakeoutthatMissFurnivall伏夫人奇怪的言谈举止中，我知道她已wascrazy,fromtheiroddwaysabouther;and经疯了；我恐怕再有类似的事情（你们Iwasafraidlestsomethingofthesamekind(whichmightbeinthefamily,youknow)知道的，就在这个家里）扰乱小姐的心hungovermydarling.智。Andthegreatfrostneverceasedallthistime;寒霜天气一直没有停止过；那天夜里风andwheneveritwasamorestormynightthan暴比平时更加剧烈，在一阵狂风中我们usual,betweenthegusts,andthroughthe听到老雇主在拉风琴的声音中夹杂着风wind,weheardtheoldlordplayingonthe声。greatorgan.But,oldlord,ornot,whereverMiss但也许是老勋爵，也许不是，无论小姐Rosamondwent,thereIfollowed;formylove走到哪里我就跟到哪里；我对这可爱绝forher,prettyhelplessorphan,wasstronger望的孤儿的爱比对这洪亮可怕的声音还thanmyfearforthegrandandterriblesound.要强烈。Besides,itrestedwithmetokeephercheerful另外，似乎像她这个年龄我需要把她哄andmerry,asbeseemedherage.得开开心心的。Soweplayedtogether,andwandered所以我们一起玩耍，一起散步，从这里together,hereandthere,andeverywhere;forI到那里，走过所有地方。在这漫无边际neverdaredtolosesightofheragaininthat的房子里我再也不敢让她离开我的视线largeandramblinghouse.28 半步。Andsoithappened,thatoneafternoon,not事情发生在圣诞节不久之前，有一天我longbeforeChristmasDay,wewereplaying们一起在大厅里玩弹珠游戏（不是我们togetheronthebilliard-tableinthegreathall熟知的那种玩法，但是她喜欢用可爱的(notthatweknewthewayofplaying,but小手滚动光滑的白色弹珠，她不管怎么shelikedtorollthesmoothivoryballswith玩我都喜欢）；不久以后，我没没太注意，herprettyhands,andIlikedtodowhatevershedid);and,by-and-by,withoutournoticing屋子光线变得昏暗，然而屋外还是很明it,itgrewduskindoors,thoughitwasstill亮，我正打算带她回到育婴室，就在那lightintheopenair,andIwasthinkingof时，突然，她大声叫喊：takingherbackintothenursery,when,allofasudden,shecriedout:‘Look,Hester!Look!Thereismypoorlittle“你看，海斯特！你看！雪地里有个可怜girloutinthesnow!’的小女孩！”Iturnedtowardsthelongnarrowwindows,我朝狭长的窗户那里看了看，千真万确，andthere,sureenough,Isawalittlegirl,less我看到一个比罗莎蒙德要小一点的小女thanmyMissRosamond—dressedallunfittobeout-of-doorssuchabitternight孩—在寒冷的夜晚里却衣衫褴褛——crying,andbeatingagainstthe正在叫喊着，在猛烈地敲着窗户玻璃，window-panes,asifshewantedtobeletin.Sheseemedtosobandwail,tillMiss似乎想要进来。她似乎要嚎啕大哭了，Rosamondcouldbearitnolonger,andwas直到罗莎蒙德再也忍不住飞快地奔向门flyingtothedoortoopenit,when,allofasudden,andcloseupuponus,thegreatorgan口去开门，就在那时，闭合的风琴突然pealedoutsoloudandthundering,itfairly发出雷鸣般的声响，我简直吓坏了，我mademetremble;andallthemorewhenIrememberedmethat,eveninthestillnessof的全身都在颤抖；那天晚上冷得出奇，thatdead-coldweather,Ihadheardno静得可怕，所有我能记起的是尽管那个soundoflittlebatteringhandsuponthewindow-glass,althoughthePhantomChild幽灵般的孩子用小手使劲地敲打窗户，hadseemedtoputforthallitsforce;and,但是我听不到任何声响。而且，尽管我althoughIhadseenitwailandcry,nofaintesttouchofsoundhadfallenuponmy看到她在哀嚎叫喊，我也没听见任何啜ears.泣声。WhetherIrememberedallthisatthevery我不太清楚，我就记得当时那些情况。moment,Idonotknow;thegreatorgansound那巨大的风琴声让我陷入一片恐慌；但hadsostunnedmeintoterror;butthisIknow,29 IcaughtupMissRosamondbeforeshegot是我还记得，在罗莎蒙德打开大厅的门thehalldooropened,andclutchedher,and之前，我一把将她抱住，带她离开，而carriedheraway,kickingandscreaming,into她挣扎着，尖叫着进了宽敞明亮的厨房，thelargebrightkitchen,whereDorothyand桃丽丝和艾格尼丝正忙着做肉馅。Agneswerebusywiththeirmince-pies.‘Whatisthematterwithmysweetone?’cried“小宝贝怎么了？”桃丽丝尖叫道，当她看Dorothy,asIboreinMissRosamond,who到我抱着撕心裂肺般啜泣的罗莎蒙德。wassobbingasifherheartwouldbreak.‘Shewon’tletmeopenthedoorformylittle“她不让我开门放我的小女孩进来；如girltocomein;andshe’lldieifsheisouton果她整夜呆在费尔斯山上她会冻死的。theFellsallnight.Cruel,naughtyHester,’she残忍无情的海斯特，”她边说边打我；但said,slappingme;butshemighthavestruck是她更加剧烈地拍打我时，我看到满脸harder,forIhadseenalookofghastlyterror惊恐的桃丽丝，这简直让我毛骨悚然，onDorothy’sface,whichmademyverybloodruncold.我快吓死了。‘Shuttheback-kitchendoorfast,andboltit“快把厨房后门关上闩好，”她对艾格尼丝well,’saidshetoAgnes.Shesaidnomore;说。她默不作声，给我一些葡萄干和杏shegavemeraisinsandalmondstoquiet仁来安慰罗莎蒙德：但是小姐还在为雪MissRosamond:butshesobbedaboutthe地里的小女孩抽噎，不理会任何好吃的littlegirlinthesnow,andwouldnottouch东西。anyofthegoodthings.Iwasthankfulwhenshecriedherselftosleep我很欣慰她哭着哭着就睡着了。inbed.ThenIstoledowntothekitchen,andtold后来我悄悄地下楼告诉桃丽丝我已决定DorothyIhadmadeupmymind.了，Iwouldcarrymydarlingbacktomyfather’s我要带我的心肝宝贝回到我父亲的房子houseinApplethwaite;where,ifwelived住，在阿伯莱维特那里，也许会贫穷，humbly,welivedatpeace.但我们会过着平静的生活。IsaidIhadbeenfrightenedenoughwiththe我说过我已经被老勋爵的风琴声吓怕oldlord’sorgan-playing;butnow,thatIhad了；但是现在我又亲眼看到那个呻吟的seenformyselfthislittlemoaningchild,all小女孩，很明显附近一带没有小孩在拍deckedoutasnochildintheneighborhood打撞击玻璃试图进来，而且听不到任何couldbe,beatingandbatteringtogetin,yet30 alwayswithoutanysoundornoise—with哭声和响动—她的右边肩膀上甚至有thedarkwoundonitsrightshoulder;and道黑色伤口；在那之后罗莎蒙德又见到thatMissRosamondhadknownitagainfor了那个劝诱她走向死亡的幽灵（桃丽丝thephantomthathadnearlyluredhertoher知道这一切都是真的）；我真的再也无death(whichDorothyknewwastrue);I法忍受了。wouldstanditnolonger.IsawDorothychangecoloronceortwice.我看到桃丽丝脸色突变。WhenIhaddone,shetoldmeshedidnot当我说完了，她告诉我不能带罗莎蒙德thinkIcouldtakeMissRosamondwithme,离开，勋爵才是罗莎蒙德的监护人，我forthatshewasmylord’sward,andIhadno无权带她走；她反问我愿不愿意丢下这rightoverher;andsheaskedme,wouldI个我深爱着的孩子，仅仅由于耳闻目睹leavethechildthatIwassofondof,justfor一些对我并无害处的声音和景象；而且soundsandsightsthatcoulddomenoharm;andthattheyhadallhadtogetusedtointheir轮到他们的话她们早已习以为常了？turns?Iwasallinahot,tremblingpassion;andI我浑身充满了热血沸腾却颤抖不安的激saiditwasverywellforhertotalk,thatknew情；我说她能对我坦白这些发生过的景whatthesesightsandnoisesbetokened,and象和声响就很不错了，而且那些，可能，thathad,perhaps,hadsomethingtodowith和那个幽灵般的孩子生前的事情存在联theSpectre-Childwhileitwasalive.系。AndItauntedherso,thatshetoldmeallshe最后，我奚落她让她告诉我她所知道的knew,atlast;andthenIwishedIhadnever一切；随后我宁愿她没告诉我真相，只beentold,foritonlymademeafraidmore是这让我倍感恐惧。thanever.Shesaidshehadheardthetalefromold桃丽丝说这些故事是她从一些老邻居那neighbors,thatwerealivewhenshewas里得知的，故事发生在她的第一段婚姻firstmarried:whenfolksusedtocometothe时期：当时这个庄园偶尔还有人来问津，hallsometimes,beforeithadgotsuchabad那时它在村子里还没烙上臭名：他得知nameonthecountryside:itmightnotbetrue,的故事可能不是真的，也可能是真的。oritmight,whatshehadbeentold.TheoldlordwasMissFurnivall’sfather—老勋爵就是芬尼伏夫人的父亲—桃丽MissGraceasDorothycalledher,forMiss丝称她格蕾丝小姐，莫德小姐是格蕾丝MaudewastheelderandMissFurnivallby31 rights.小姐的姐姐是法律意义上的芬尼伏小姐。Theoldlordwaseatenupwithpride.Sucha老勋爵为人自大。他是我见过或听过最proudmanwasneverseenorheardof,and骄傲自大的人，而她的女儿们也跟他一hisdaughterswerelikehim.样骄傲自满。Noonewasgoodenoughtowedthem,尽管很多人供她们挑选，但是她们觉得althoughtheyhadchoiceenough;forthey无人能够配得上自己。她们的画像挂在werethegreatbeautiesoftheirday,asIhad庄严安静的起居室里，从画像可以看出seenbytheirportraits,wheretheyhunginthe她们年轻时确实是天姿国色。statedrawing-room.But,astheoldsavingis,‘Pridewillhavea但是，有句古话说，“骄者必败”；这两位fall’;andthesetwohaughtybeautiesfellin傲慢的美人却同时爱上了一个男人，他lovewiththesameman,andhenobetterthan只不过是一名外籍音乐家，她们的父亲aforeignmusician,whomtheirfatherhad曾跟随他到伦敦的马诺庄园演出。downfromLondontoplaymusicwithhimattheManorHouse.For,aboveallthings,nexttohispride,theold因为除了骄傲自大以外，老勋爵最喜欢lordlovedmusic.的就是音乐了。Hecouldplayonnearlyeveryinstrumentthat听说他几乎能演奏所有乐器：令人奇怪everwasheardof:anditwasastrangething的是音乐也无法让他性格温和下来；人itdidnotsoftenhim;buthewasafiercedouroldman,andhadbrokenhispoorwife’sheart们说，他是个残酷无情的老人，她的残withhiscruelty,theysaid.忍也令他可怜的妻子感到心碎。Hewasmadaftermusic,andwouldpayany他疯狂的爱上了音乐，为了音乐他可以moneyforit.不惜一切代价。Sohegotthisforeignertocome;whomade所以他请来了那个外籍音乐家；他演奏suchbeautifulmusic,thattheysaidthevery的音乐如此美妙以至于很多树上许多鸟birdsonthetreesstoppedtheirsingingto儿停止鸣叫来聆听音乐。listen.And,bydegrees,thisforeigngentlemangot而且，某种程度来说，这个外籍绅士深suchaholdovertheoldlord,thatnothing受老勋爵喜欢，他不用为老勋爵做任何wouldservehimbutthathemustcomeevery事情只是每年他必须来庄园演奏；那架32 year;anditwashethathadthegreatorgan巨大的风琴就是他从荷兰带过来的，矗broughtfromHolland,andbuiltupinthehall,立在大厅里，就是放在现在那个位置。whereitstoodnow.Hetaughttheoldlordtoplayonit;butmany他教老雇主演奏风琴；但是演奏了很多andmanyatime,whenLordFurnivallwas次后，芬尼伏勋爵忘了所有事物，一心thinkingofnothingbuthisfineorgan,andhis陶醉在他的风琴和名曲里，而那个外国finermusic,thedarkforeignerwaswalking音乐家正和两位年轻的小姐中的一人在abroadinthewoodswithoneoftheyoung林中漫步；此时若是莫德小姐，彼时便ladies;nowMissMaude,andthenMissGrace.是格蕾丝小姐。MissMaudewonthedayandcarriedoffthe莫德小姐最终等到了那一天，俘获了他prize,suchasitwas;andheandshewere的心，事实便是如此；而后她俩私底下married,allunknowntoanyone;andbefore秘密地结婚了；在他来年拜访之前，莫hemadehisnextyearlyvisit,shehadbeen德带着她的女儿隐居在莫尔斯的一个农confinedofalittlegirlatafarm-houseonthe舍里,而她的父亲和格蕾丝以为她去了Moors,whileherfatherandMissGracethoughtshewasawayatDoncasterRaces.都卡斯特瑞斯。Butthoughshewasawifeandamother,she尽管她已身为人妇，为人母了，但她的wasnotabitsoftened,butashaughtyandas性格还是没有变得温柔，仍旧和从前一passionateasever;andperhapsmoreso,for样傲慢；或许变得更加傲慢，因为她嫉shewasjealousofMissGrace,towhomher妒格蕾丝，她的外籍丈夫也曾向格蕾丝foreignhusbandpaidadealofcourt—by求爱—私底下瞒着她—他曾告诉过wayofblindingher—ashetoldhiswife.他的妻子。ButMissGracetriumphedoverMissMaude,但是格蕾丝小姐比她更胜一筹，她对她andMissMaudegrewfiercerandfiercer,both的丈夫和妹妹变得越来越极端凶恶；而withherhusbandandwithhersister;andthe前者—他能轻易摆脱这种难以忍受的former—whocouldeasilyshakeoffwhat人，在他国销声匿迹—在那个夏天定wasdisagreeable,andhidehimselfinforeign时拜访的一个月前就逃走了，且近乎威countries—wentawayamonthbeforehisusualtimethatsummer,andhalf-threatened胁地说他再也不会回来。thathewouldnevercomebackgain.Meanwhile,thelittlegirlwasleftatthe与此同时，小女孩的母亲—莫德小姐farm-house,andhermotherusedtohaveher33 horsesaddledandgallopwildlyoverthehills把孩子遗弃在农舍里，自己常常备好马toseeheronceeveryweek,attheveryleast鞍骑着马疯狂地奔上山来看看她，至少—forwheresheloved,sheloved;andwhere每周一次—那是她又爱又恨的地方。shehated,shehated.Andtheoldlordwentonplaying—playing而老勋爵继续演奏着—在他的风琴上onhisorgan;andtheservantsthoughtthe演奏；仆人们认为这曼妙的音乐使他脾sweetmusichemadehadsootheddownhis气变得温和了，（桃丽丝说）但是他可能awfultemper,ofwhich(Dorothysaid)听到什么传言了。someterribletalescouldbetold.Hegrewinfirmtoo,andhadtowalkwitha他身体也日渐衰弱，走路都需要拄着拐crutch;andhisson—thatwasthepresent杖了；他的儿子—是如今的芬尼伏勋LordFurnivall’sfather—waswiththearmy爵的父亲—是在美国陆军军队里，另inAmerica,andtheothersonatsea;soMiss外一个儿子在海上；所以莫德小姐可以Maudehaditprettymuchherownway,and独自出门，她和格蕾丝之间的关系则变sheandMissGracegrewcolderandbitterertoeachothereveryday;tillatlasttheyhardly得越来越冷漠，仇恨不断加深；到最后everspoke,exceptwhentheoldlordwasby.两人见面几乎不说话，除非老勋爵在旁边。Theforeignmusiciancameagainthenext外籍乐师第二年夏天又回来了，但却是summer,butitwasforthelasttime;forthey最后一次；因为他们让他的生活充满了ledhimsuchalifewiththeirjealousyand嫉妒和盛怒，他对此感到疲倦不堪就逃theirpassions,thathegrewweary,andwent走了，后来再也杳无音讯。away,andneverwasheardofagain.AndMissMaude,whohadalwaysmeantto另外，莫德一直打算当父亲与世长辞之havehermarriageacknowledgedwhenher际，她将结婚一事公开，她现在已是个fathershouldbedead,wasleftnowadeserted被人抛弃的妇人—没人知道她已经结wife—whomnobodyknewtohavebeen过婚了—还育有一女，她自己也不敢married—withachildthatshedarednot相认，尽管她喜欢思忖这事消遣；同住own,althoughshelovedittodistraction;livingwithafatherwhomshefeared,anda一个屋檐下的父亲让她感到惧怕，妹妹sisterwhomshehated.则令她憎恨。Whenthenextsummerpassedoverandthe又一个夏天过去了，那个乐师再也没有darkforeignernevercame,bothMissMaude如期而至，莫德和格蕾丝变得消沉忧郁；34 andMissGracegrewgloomyandsad;they尽管她们还是和以前一样漂亮，却变得hadahaggardlookaboutthem,thoughthey形容枯槁。lookedhandsomeasever.Butby-and-byMissMaudebrightened;for但是不久之后，莫德变得振奋起来，因herfathergrewmoreandmoreinfirm,and为她的父亲愈加虚弱，甚至都不能演奏morethanevercarriedawaybyhismusic;音乐了；而她和格蕾丝已经分开住了，andsheandMissGracelivedalmostentirely有各自独立的房间，一间是西厢房，莫apart,havingseparaterooms,theoneonthe德的是东厢房—就是那个上锁的房westside,MissMaudeontheeast—thoseveryroomswhichwerenowshutup.间。Soshethoughtshemighthaveherlittlegirl所以她以为可以让她的女儿和她一起withher,andnooneneedeverknowexcept住，只要别人不敢张扬出去就会没人知thosewhodarednotspeakaboutit,andwere道这事，她就说是她一个同性朋友的孩boundtobelievethatitwas,asshesaid,a子，她非常喜欢这孩子，别人应该会相cottager’schildshehadtakenafancyto.信。Allthis,Dorothysaid,wasprettywellknown;桃丽丝说事情经过就这样，大家都知道；butwhatcameafterwardsnooneknew,后来发生什么事情没有人知道，除了格exceptMissGrace,andMrs.Stark,whowas蕾丝和斯达克，即使那时她是格蕾丝的eventhenhermaid,andmuchmoreofa贴身女仆，但比起格蕾丝的姐姐却更像friendtoherthaneverhersisterhadbeen.格蕾丝小姐的朋友。Buttheservantssupposed,fromwordsthat但是仆人们认为，慢慢地以讹传讹的，weredropped,thatMissMaudehad大家都认为莫德比格蕾丝更胜一筹，她triumphedoverMissGrace,andtoldherthat得知一直以来外籍黑人乐师一直在取悦allthetimethedarkforeignerhadbeen她假装和她相爱—他就是她的丈夫；mockingherwithpretendedlove—hewas格蕾丝从那以后容颜黯然失色，而且她herownhusband;thecolorleftMissGrace’scheekandlipsthatverydayforever,andshe还经常听到，谣传她迟早她会打击报复；washeardtosaymanyatimethatsooneror斯达克曾去东厢房打听情况。latershewouldhaveherrevenge;andMrs.Starkwasforeverspyingabouttheeastrooms.Onefearfulnight,justaftertheNewYear那是一个可怕的夜晚，就在新年之后不35 hadcomein,whenthesnowwaslyingthick久，当时外满地面堆了层厚厚的积雪，anddeep,andtheflakeswerestillfalling—空中雪花仍在飞舞—急速飘落的雪花fastenoughtoblindanyonewhomightbe让在外面的任何人睁不开眼—传来一outandabroad—therewasagreatand阵巨大狂乱的噪音，老雇主那可怕的诅violentnoiseheard,andtheoldlord’svoice咒声和发誓声盖过一切声音—小孩子aboveall,cursingandswearingawfully—andthecriesofalittlechild—andthe的叫喊声—野蛮的女人的傲慢的反抗prouddefianceofafiercewoman—and声—狂风的呼啸声—而后是死一般thesoundofablow—andadeadstillness的寂静—呻吟声和哀号声消失在山—andmoansandwailingsdyingawayonthe上！hill-side!Thentheoldlordsummonedallhisservants,随后老雇主召集所有仆人，对着他们发andtoldthem,withterribleoaths,and下毒誓，言辞更可怕，他说她的女儿让wordsmoreterrible,thathisdaughterhad他颜面尽失，要让她扫地出门—她，disgracedherself,andthathehadturnedher带着孩子—如果有人要是帮助她们outofdoors—her,andherchild—andthat—给她们食物—提供住所—他诅ifevertheygaveherhelp—orfood—orshelter—heprayedthattheymightnever咒她们永远不能踏入天堂。而且，当时，enterHeaven.And,allthewhile,MissGrace格蕾丝脸色煞白一动不动地站在他身stoodbyhim,whiteandstillasanystone;and边；当他父亲说完她长叹一口气，她的whenhehadendedsheheavedagreatsigh,as复仇任务完成了，她的目的达到了。muchastosayherworkwasdone,andherendwasaccomplished.Buttheoldlordnevertouchedhisorgan但是老雇主再也没有碰过风琴，不到一again,anddiedwithintheyear;andno年就过世了；难怪！接下来的一个荒凉wonder!for,onthemorrowofthatwildand可怕的夜晚，牧羊人，沿着费尔斯山路fearfulnight,theshepherds,comingdownthe下来，发现莫德坐在冬青树底下，已经Fellside,foundMissMaudesitting,all疯得在傻笑，看护着一个死去的孩子—crazyandsmiling,undertheholly-trees,nursingadeadchild—withaterriblemark她的右边肩膀上面有个可怕的记号。onitsrightshoulder.‘Butthatwasnotwhatkilledit,’said“但是她不是因肩膀的伤口而死，”桃丽丝Dorothy;‘itwasthefrostandthecold;—说道；“是霜冻和寒冷；—所有生物都everywildcreaturewasinitshole,andevery36 beastinitsfold—whilethechildandits栖息在洞穴里，所有野兽都在蜷缩着—motherwereturnedouttowanderonthe然而这孩子和母亲却被撵出门游荡在费Fells!尔斯山上！Andnowyouknowall!andIwonderifyou现在你知道一切了!我想知道你现在是arelessfrightenednow?’不是不那么害怕了？”Iwasmorefrightenedthanever;butIsaidI我比以前更加害怕了；但是我说过我不wasnot.是个胆怯的人。IwishedMissRosamondandmyselfwellout我希望罗莎蒙德和我最好永远离开这恐ofthatdreadfulhouseforever;butIwould怖的房子；但是我不能丢下她，我也不notleaveher,andIdarednottakeheraway.敢带她离开这里。Butoh!HowIwatchedher,andguardedher!但是啊！我该如何看着她，监护他！Weboltedthedoorsandshutthe在天黑一个多小时之前，我们就把门窗window-shuttersfast,anhourormorebefore闩好关紧，而不是晚关五分钟。dark,ratherthanleavethemopenfiveminutestoolate.Butmylittleladystillheardtheweirdchild但是我的小姐还是能够听到那个奇怪的cryingandmourning;andnotallwecoulddo孩子的叫喊和呻吟；而且我们所有人都orsaycouldkeepherfromwantingtogoto不能阻止和说服她别去找那小女孩，别her,andletherinfromthecruelwindandthe让她从那狂风暴雪里进来。snow.Allthistime,IkeptawayfromMissFurnivall一直以来，我都尽可能避开芬尼伏夫人andMrs.Stark,asmuchaseverIcould;forI和斯达克；因为我惧怕她们—我知道fearedthem—Iknewnogoodcouldbeaboutthem,withtheirgreyhardfaces,and关于她们的不好的事情，她们正带着灰theirdreamyeyes,lookingbackintothe暗冷酷的表情和梦幻般眼神在回首悲伤ghastlyyearsthatweregone.的往事。But,eveninmyfear,Ihadakindofpity—但是，甚至在我的恐惧里，对于芬尼伏forMissFurnivall,atleast.夫人我还有一丝遗憾。Thosegonedowntothepitcanhardlyhavea过去失足的事情没能让她燃起一丝希morehopelesslookthanthatwhichwasever望，只是让她的脸上永远充满了绝望的onherface.表情。37 AtlastIevengotsosorryforher—who最后，我很同情她—她感到很压抑却neversaidawordbutwhatwasquiteforced从不说话—我为她祈祷，我教罗莎蒙fromher—thatIprayedforher;andItaught德为那些曾经犯过极大罪恶的人祈祷；MissRosamondtoprayforonewhohaddone但是经常当她跪着读到这些祈祷词时，adeadlysin;butoftenwhenshecameto她会听到声音然后起身说道，“我听到我thosewords,shewouldlisten,andstartupfromherknees,andsay,‘Ihearmylittlegirl的小女孩在伤心地哭喊—啊！就让她plainingandcryingverysad—Oh!Lether进来吧，要不然她会死的！”in,orshewilldie!’Onenight—justafterNewYear’sDayhad那天晚上—终于刚过完新年不久，正comeatlast,andthelongwinterhadtakena如我期望那样，漫长的冬季过完了—我turn,asIhoped—Iheardthewest听见西边的起居室里的铃声响了三次，drawing-roombellringthreetimes,which我明白这是什么意思。wasasignalforme.IwouldnotleaveMissRosamondalone,for我不会让罗莎蒙德自己呆在这里，她已allshewasasleep—fortheoldlordhad经睡着了—老勋爵的演奏风琴声比以beenplayingwilderthanever—andIfeared前愈加狂野了—我害怕我的宝贝醒来lestmydarlingshouldwakentohearthe听到那个鬼魂孩子的声音；我知道她不Spectre-Child;seeherIknewshecouldnot.I会这样做，因为我已经把窗户关得很紧。hadfastenedthewindowstoowellforthat.SoItookheroutofherbedandwrappedher但是我还是把她从床上抱起来，拿起在upinsuchouterclothesasweremosthandy,离手边最近的外套把她裹起来，抱着她andcarriedherdowntothedrawing-room,去了楼下的起居室，两位老太太跟往常wheretheoldladiessatattheirtapestry-work一样坐在那里做壁毯针线活、asusual.TheylookedupwhenIcamein,andMrs.当我进来时，她们抬头看了看，斯达克Starkasked,quiteastounded,‘WhydidI吃惊地问道，“为什么把罗莎蒙德从被窝bringMissRosamondthere,outofherwarm里抱到这里来？”bed?’Ihadbeguntowhisper,‘BecauseIwasafraid我开始小声说道，“因为我害怕当我走开ofherbeingtemptedoutwhileIwasaway,时，外面雪地里的野孩子会诱惑她出bythewildchildinthesnow,’whenshestoppedmeshort(withaglance去，”她很快打断我的话（瞥了一眼芬尼atMissFurnivall),andsaidMissFurnivall伏夫人），声称芬尼伏太太让我解开一些wantedmetoundosomeworkshehaddone38 wrong,andwhichneitherofthemcouldseeto织错的线头，她俩看不清解不开。unpick.SoIlaidmyprettydearonthesofa,andsat所以我把我的小宝贝放在沙发上，在她downonastoolbythem,andhardenedmy们身边的凳子上坐下来，当我听到狂风heartagainstthem,asIheardthewindrising骤起时在怒吼咆哮，心里对她们更加充andhowling.满敌意。MissRosamondsleptonsound,forallthe尽管狂风呼啸着，罗莎蒙德却睡得很安windblewso;andMissFurnivallsaidnevera稳；外面狂风摇晃着窗户，而芬尼伏夫word,norlookedroundwhenthegustsshook人却默不作声，也没有抬头环顾四周。thewindows.Allatonceshestarteduptoherfullheight,突然她直起身站起来，举起一只手，似andputuponeband,asiftobiduslisten.乎吩咐我们听外面声音。‘Ihearvoices!’saidshe,‘Ihearterrible“我听到一些声音！”她说，“我听到可怕screams—Ihearmyfather’svoice!’的尖叫声—我听到我父亲的声音！”Justatthatmomentmydarlingwakenedwith就在那时我的心肝宝贝惊醒了，突然开asuddenstart:‘Mylittlegirliscrying,oh,始说：“我的小女孩在哭喊，啊，她哭得howsheiscrying!’andshetriedtogetupand好凄惨！”她试图起来去找小女孩，但是gotoher,shegotherfeetentangledinthe她的双脚被毯子紧紧裹住了，我把她抱blanket,andIcaughtherup;formyfleshhad了起来；因为那些她们能听见而我却听beguntocreepatthesenoises,whichtheyheardwhilewecouldcatchnosound.不见的声音让我全身开始起鸡皮疙瘩了。Inaminuteortwothenoisescame,and不到一分钟就有两种声音传来，很快便gatheredfast,andfilledourears;we,too,交融在一起，充斥着我们的耳朵；我也heardvoicesandscreams,andnolonger听到了说话声和尖叫声，而再也听不到heardthewinter’swindthatragedabroad.冬季狂风在外面的肆虐声。Mrs.Starklookedatme,andIather,butwe斯达克看着我，我也看着她，但是我们darednotspeak.不敢作声。SuddenlyMissFurnivallwenttowardsthe突然芬尼伏夫人朝门口走去，打开门走door,outintotheante-room,throughthewest进了前门，穿过西边的大厅通道，再打lobby,andopenedthedoorintothegreathall.开门进了宽阔的大厅。39 Mrs.Starkfollowed,andIdurstnotbeleft,斯达克紧跟其后，我害怕得心脏几乎都thoughmyheartalmoststoppedbeatingfor停止了，但是我半步也不敢离开。fear.Iwrappedmydarlingtightinmy我紧紧地将我的宝贝搂在怀里，紧随着arms,andwentoutwiththem.和她们一起出去了。Inthehallthescreamswerelouder大厅里的尖叫声越来越大；尖叫声从东thanever;theysoundedtocomefromtheeast厢房传出来—越来越近—近到就在wing—nearerandnearer—closeonthe紧锁着的门的另一边—近在其后。othersideofthelocked-updoors—closebehindthem.ThenInoticedthatthegreatbronze随后我注意到巨大的青铜吊灯似乎全部chandelierseemedallalight,thoughthehall亮起来了，尽管大厅还是昏暗的，宽阔wasdim,andthatafirewasblazinginthe的壁炉里火苗正在燃烧，却没有一丝热vasthearth-place,thoughitgavenoheat;and度；我害怕得浑身颤抖，把我的心肝宝Ishudderedupwithterror,andfoldedmy贝搂得更紧了。darlingclosertome.ButasIdidso,theeastdoorshook,andshe,但是正当我这么做的时候，东边的房门suddenlystrugglingtogetfreefromme,开始摇晃，而她，突然挣扎着要离开我cried,‘Hester,Imustgo!Mylittlegirlis的怀抱，哭喊着，“海斯特，我必须要走！there;Ihearher;sheiscoming!Hester,Imust我的小女孩就在那里；我听到她的声音go!’了；她要来了！海斯特，我必须要走！”Iheldhertightwithallmystrength;withaset我使出浑身力量紧紧抱住她；坚定信念，will,Iheldher.我一定会抱住她。IfIhaddied,myhandswouldhavegrasped我的脑海中时刻铭记，如果我死了，我herstill,Iwassoresolvedinmymind.的手也不会松开她。MissFurnivallstoodlistening,andpaidno芬尼伏夫人站在那里聆听，还没有注意regardtomydarling,whohadgotdownto到我的心肝宝贝已经挣脱到地面了，我theground,andwhomI,uponmykneesnow,跪在地上用两只胳膊搂住她的脖子；她washoldingwithbothmyarmsclaspedround仍在颤抖着，哭喊着要挣脱离我而去。herneck;shestillstrivingandcryingtogetfree.Allatoncetheeastdoorgavewaywitha突然东边的房门传来雷鸣般的撞击声，40 thunderingcrash,asiftornopeninaviolent仿佛被一阵狂暴的力量撕扯开了，神秘passion,andtherecameintothatbroadand的光线照射进房间，里面有个满头白发，mysteriouslight,thefigureofatalloldman,目光闪烁的高大的老年人身影。withgreyhairandgleamingeyes.Hedrovebeforehim,withmanyarelentless他举止间充满仇恨，驱赶着他前面的那gestureofabhorrence,asternandbeautiful个表情严肃，面容娇好的女人，她身边woman,withalittlechildclingingtoher有个小女孩抓住她的裙子。dress.‘OHester!Hester!’criedMissRosamond.“噢海斯特！海斯特！”罗莎蒙德哭着说，“就是那个女人！在冬青树底下的女人；‘It’sthelady!Theladybelowtheholly-trees;我的小女孩就是和她在一起。海斯特！andmylittlegirliswithher.Hester!Hester!海斯特！就让我跟她一起走吧；她们在Letmegotoher;theyaredrawingmeto呼唤我跟随她们一起，我能感觉到她们，them.Ifeelthem—Ifeelthem.Imustgo!’我必须得走！”Againshewasalmostconvulsedbyher她再次使出浑身解数剧烈抖动着要逃effortstogetaway;butIheldhertighterand离；但是我把她搂得越来越紧，直到我tighter,tillIfearedIshoulddoherahurt;but怕会弄疼她；但绝不会让她跟这些可怕ratherthatthanlethergotowardsthose的鬼魂一起走。terriblephantoms.Theypassedalongtowardsthegreat鬼魂朝着宏伟的大厅门口走来，门口的hall-door,wherethewindshowledand狂风在向它的猎物垂诞三尺地嘶吼着；ravenedfortheirprey;butbeforethey但是那个女人在到达门口之前转过身reachedthat,theladyturned;andIcouldsee子；我能看到她面带凶恶自大的蔑视的thatshedefiedtheoldmanwithafierceand表情对老人拒不服从；但是她害怕得发prouddefiance;butthenshequailed—andthenshethrewupherarmswildlyand抖—随后她狂暴却可怜地举起双手来piteouslytosaveherchild—herlittlechild保护她的孩子—她那弱小的孩子——fromablowfromhisupliftedcrutch.不被他落下的拐杖打到。AndMissRosamondwastornasifbya罗莎蒙德小姐似乎被一种比我还强大的powerstrongerthanmine,andwrithedinmy力量折腾得精疲力尽，在我的怀里抽搐arms,andsobbed(forbythistimethepoor着哽咽着（因为那是我可怜的宝贝正变darlingwasgrowingfaint).得很虚弱）。‘TheywantmetogowiththemontotheFells“它们要一起去费尔斯山上—他们在—theyaredrawingmetothem.Oh,mylittle41 girl!Iwouldcome,butcruel,wickedHester召唤我。啊，我的小女孩！我要跟随你holdsmeverytight.’去，但是残忍罪恶的海斯特紧紧地抱住了我。”Butwhenshesawtheupliftedcrutchshe但是当她看到落下的拐杖时，她失去了swoonedaway,andIthankedGodforit.知觉，谢天谢地。Justatthismoment—whenthetalloldman,就在那时—那个高大的老人，头发如hishairstreamingasintheblastofafurnace,同火炉爆炸般热气腾腾，正要鞭打那浑wasgoingtostrikethelittleshrinkingchild—身颤抖的小女孩—芬尼伏夫人，即在MissFurnivall,theoldwomanbymyside,我身边的老妇人，大声喊叫，“啊，父亲！criedout,‘Oh,father!Father!Sparethe父亲！原谅无辜的孩子吧！”littleinnocentchild!’ButjustthenIsaw—weallsaw—another但是就在那时我看到—我们都亲眼目phantomshapeitself,andgrowclearoutof睹—又有另外一个鬼魂的样子，在大厅theblueandmistylightthatfilledthehall;we的朦胧的蔚蓝色光线中愈发清晰；我们hadnotseenhertillnow,foritwasanother之前都看不到站在老人身边的另一个女ladywhostoodbytheoldman,withalookof人，她满脸写着无尽的仇恨和胜利的蔑relentlesshateandtriumphantscorn.视。Thatfigurewasverybeautifultolookupon,那个影子看上去非常美丽，她头上那顶withasoftwhitehatdrawndownoverthe白色柔软的帽子压得很低，遮住了她高proudbrowsandaredandcurlinglip.Itwas傲的额头，她那红色的嘴唇微微翘起。dressedinanopenrobeofbluesatin.Ihad影子穿着敞开的蓝绸缎长袍。我曾经见seenthatfigurebefore.Itwasthelikenessof过这身影。它是芬尼伏夫人年轻时候的MissFurnivallinheryouth;andtheterrible模样；那些可怕的鬼魂在向前移动。不phantomsmovedon,regardlessofoldMiss管芬尼伏夫人野性的哀求—那落下的Furnivall’swildentreaty—andtheuplifted拐杖打在小女孩的右肩上，那个妹妹（芬crutchfellontherightshoulderofthelittlechild,andtheyoungersisterlookedon,stony尼伏）却冷酷无情，若无其事地看着这anddeadlyserene.一切。Butatthatmomentthedimlights,andthefire但是就在那时昏暗的光线明亮起来，那thatgavenoheat,wentoutofthemselves,and冷冰冰的火苗也散发热量，而芬尼伏夫MissFurnivalllayatourfeetstrickendown人全身瘫痪倒在我们脚上—致命一bythepalsy—death-stricken.42 击。Yes!Shewascarriedtoherbedthatnight是的！那天晚上她被抬到床上之后卧床nevertoriseagain.Shelaywithherfaceto不起。她躺在床上，面对墙壁，一直不thewallmutteringlowbutmutteringalways:停地低声自言自语：“唉！唉！覆水难收‘Alas!Alas!whatisdoneinyouth啊！覆水难收！”canneverbeundoneinage!Whatisdoneinyouthcanneverbeundoneinage!’43 ChapterThreeTranslationCommentaryAsithasbeenmentionedabove,researchesonthetranslationofgothictalesoftenfocusontheconclusivedescriptionratherthanthespecifictranslationprocedureandmethodsofonespecificgothictale,afterathoroughandbriefstudyofgothictaleincludingMrs.Gaskell’sgothictalesandthefunctionalequivalencetheory,itisfoundthatthefunctionalequivalencetheory’sprincipleofequivalenceisconsistentwiththetranslationofgothictalesincethemostimportantthingwhentranslatingthegothictaleistoreproducethehorroratmosphereaswellasthethemeofthegothictale,thereforethischapterwillanalysisthetranslatedtextbasedonNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,byalltheseanalysis,wewillfindouthowthefunctionalequivalencetheoryisperfectlyappliedinthetranslationprocedureofthisgothictale.3.1Gothictale:DefinitionandStylisticFeatures3.1.1DefinitionofGothicTaleTheword“Gothic”referstotheGothictribesthatfirstlivinginnorthernEurope.Asanation,theGothsdisappearedasearlyastheseventhCenturyADinhistory,buttheword“gothic”wasleaved,referringto”uncivilizedpeople,ignorant,andbarbarians."Thenonethousandyearslater,theItalianVasari(1511-1574)startedtouseGothicarchitecturetorepresentthebackward,barbaricanddarkarchitecturalstyleinthemedievaltime.In1764,HoraceWalpoleanonymouslypublishedhisfirstgothicnovelsTheCastleofOtrantoCastle,whosesubtitleis“aGothicstory”,whichrepresentthefirstgothictaleinhistory.Fromthiswecanfindoutthat,"Gothictale"hasbecomeakindofspecificgenreinliterature.Themostsignificantcommonfeaturesofgothictaleslieinitfocusingon44 creatinganatmosphereoffearandhorror,withantiquebuildings(especiallyGothicarchitecture)forthescene,theuselargenumbersofsupernaturalfactors,shapingthehighlystylizedfigures.WecanconcludefromabovethatGothicnovelisakindoffightagainsttotherationalismandneoclassicismthathasbeengonetotheextremewhenEuropeisunderprofoundhistoricalchanges.Itcreatessoextremelyterrifiedsituationsandscenesthatpeople’sinnerworldcanbeshown.Thisisamatteroffact,animportantpartoftheromanticmovementfromtheththlate18Centurytotheearly19CenturywhichsweepingacrossEuropeandtheUnitedStates.3.1.2StylisticFeaturesofGothicTaleLikeothertales,gothictalesalsohavethefundamentalstylisticfeatureslikeplot,figures,perspective,circumstances,themeandtone.Butgothictaleisaspecialgenreofromanticismmovement.Theso-calledspecialmainlyperformedintwoaspects:firstintheatmosphere,itshowedtheviolenceandterrorofthesubjectintoneofexclamation;second,unliketheusualromanticswhoexpressedtheidealsociety,thethemeofthegothictalesisshowedmainlybyrevealingtheevilthingsinsociety,byrevealingthedarksideofthehumannature,soastodeepexploration,especiallytheexplorationonmoral.Thesetwofeaturesarethemostimportantfeaturesofthegothictale.WhenthinkingoftheGothicnovel,asetofcharacteristicsshowsreadilytomind:anemphasistotheportraitoftheterrifying,acommoninsistenceonarchaicsettings,aprominentuseofthesupernaturalfactors,thepresenceofhighlystereotypedcharactersandtheattempttodeployandperfecttechniquesofliterarysuspensearethemostsignificant.BritishliterarycriticSaundersmakefinediscussiontostylisticfeaturesoftheGothictale,hepointedout,theGothictalerefusedtodescribethenormallife,butrathertortureandterrorism,witchcraftandanxiety.Fundamentallyspeaking,Gothic45 talesarenegativereactiontothecomfortcommercialprosperityandpoliticalstability.Themostimportantly,itagainstthedominationofreason.Itcanbesaidthatfromtheviewofthereader’sreadingexperience,Gothicfeaturesofsuchnovels,mainlyreferstothehorrorofnovels.3.1.3StylisticFeaturesofMrs.Gaskell’sGothicTalesMrs.Gaskellwrote30booksofshorttales;nineofthesetalesaregothicinnature,orcontaingothicfactors.ElizabethGaskell’sshorttale,asarule,haslongbeenneglectedamongliteraryhistory.TextsthataredevotedtothethemesorthehistoryoftheVictorianshortstoryorVictoriangothictales,eitherdonotmentionMrs.Gaskellatall,ormerelymentionherinpassingasa“contributor”toCharlesDickens’journal.Ontheoccasionthatsheismentionedinliterarycriticism,moreoftenthannottheattentionisdevotedtohernovelsratherthanhershortstoriesortales.Andsurely,Mrs.Gaskell’sgothictalespresentalloftheelementsthatpreviouslyestablishedinthegenreofhorrortale.ElizabethGaskell’stalentforwritingfrighteningtalesappearsearlyinherliterarycareerinhershortessayClaptonHouse.Fromhershortgothictales,itisclearthatMrs.Gaskellknewthe“rules”andmadeuseofthemmasterly.Gaskell’sshortessay,quitepossiblyherearliestattemptatthegothicgenre,givesusourfirstglimpseofherenjoymentofmacabretalesofdark,hauntedcastlesandtragic,hauntedwomen.AndbythetimeGaskellwroteTheOldNurse’sStory,herskillsatwritingtheseghastly,supernaturaltaleshadbeenhonedtoperfection.GaskellwroteTheOldNurse’sStoryin1852fortheExtraChristmasEditionofCharlesDickens’HouseholdWords.Unlikeotherwritersofgothictradition,GaskellveryseldomwrotestoriesthathappenedintheDarkAgesoreventheseventeenthcentury.Sheexploreswhatcanhappenwhenthesupernaturalisusedforharm,andwhenfearandmisunderstandinggowild.Fromabove,wecanfindoutthatthestylisticfeatureofMrs.Gaskell’sgothictale46 ismostlyalikeothergothictale,butMrs.Gaskell’sgothictaleoftenfocusonthehauntedwomen,whichmeansinhergothicstories,hauntedwomanisalwaysthemajorcharacter.AndthethemeofMrs.Gaskell’sgothictalesoftenliesintheconceptsoffamilyethics.3.2TranslatingTheOldNurse’sStorybasedonFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryTranslationisthereconstructionoftheoriginaltext.Nida’sfunctionalequivalencetheorytoldthatnotonlydidthetranslatorneedtotranslatethewordandsentencescorrectlyinthetext,butalsothestyleandthestylisticfeaturesoftheoriginaltext.Asithasbeenmentionedinthisreport,themostimportantfactorsintranslatingthegothictalesliesinthehorroratmosphereanditsuniquetheme,andtheNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryistheperfectchoiceintranslatinggothictales.Inthischapter,combinedwithspecificexamplesduringthetranslation,theauthorwilldiscussabouthowtogaintheequivalenceeffectbothintheatmosphereandthethemeofthisgothictalesunderthetheoreticalsupportofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.LinguistEugeneNidadevotedallhislifetotheBibletranslation,onthebasisofpractice,hegraduallyformedhisowntranslationtheoryintheprocess.Andin1964heproposedthetheoryof“dynamicequivalence”forthefirsttimeinthebookTowardaScienceofTranslating.Later,Nidachangeditinto“functionalequivalence”theoryinthebookFromOneLanguagetoAnother:TheoryofFunctionalEquivalenceinBibleTranslation.Thisclassicaltheoryholdsthattranslationisacommunicativeform,whichpaysattentiontothecontentandeffectofthetranslation.Itpaysnoattentionontheformalcorrespondenceofthelanguagebutfocusesonthefunctionalequivalenceofthesourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Thatmeansthemeaningismoreimportantthantheform.Tobespecific,functionalequivalenceistoreproducethesemanticandstylisticfeatureaswellasotherinformationofthesourcetextusingnaturallanguage,47 whichincludeslexicalequivalence,syntacticequivalence,textualequivalence,andstylisticequivalence.Inconclusionthistheoryprovidesfoundationtohelpthetranslatortoeliminatetheculturaldifferencesindifferentlanguage.Intermsoftranslationprocedure,Nidaputsforwardthe“foursteps”theory.Itincludesanalysis,transformation,restructuringandinspection,whichmeansthatthetranslatorneedtoanalyzethesurfacestructureofthetext,aswellasthegrammaticalstructure,wordmeaningofthetext,andthentranslatethetextintothetargetlanguage,andthenrestructuringofthetargetlanguagesothatthereaderscanunderstand,finallythroughcomparisonbetweenthereflectionofthesourcelanguagereaderwiththereflectionofthetargetlanguagereadertotestwhetherthetranslationisgoodornot.FromabovewecanfindoutequivalenceisthecoreofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,sobasedonthis,thentheauthorwillgivedetailedcommentsonthetranslationofthisgothictale.3.2.1EquivalenceTranslationStrategyoftheAtmosphereinTheOldNurse’sStoryInthispart,bytakingthetranslationofMrs.Gaskell’sshortgothictaleTheOldNurse’sStoryasanexample,thewriterchoosestwoaspectsthatdistinguishgothictalewithotherliteraturegenrethemosttoanalysisthetranslatedtextunderthetheoreticalsupportofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,andthenattheendoftheanalysis,someequivalencetranslationstrategyofgothictaleisalsoexpected.Themostspecialcharacterofgothictaleliesinitshorroratmosphere,howtotranslatethehorroratmosphereoftheoriginaltextvividly,isthecriticalproblemduringthetranslation,thewriterwillanalysissomeexamplesconcerninghorrorscenesandterrorfeelinginthisgothictaleandhowequivalenceeffectismaintainedintheseexamples.48 Example1:ST:Theroadwentupabouttwomiles,andthenwesawagreatandstatelyhouse,withmanytreeschosearoundit,soclosethatinsomeplacestheirbranchesdraggedagainstthewallswhenthewindblew;andsomehungbrokendown;fornooneseemedtotakemuchchargeoftheplace;—tolopthewood,ortokeepthemoss-coveredcarriagewayinorder;forthehouse,althoughitwassodesolate,wasevengranderthanIexpected.TT:大约又赶了两英里的路，我们看到了庄严宏伟的大宅，宅邸周围被许多树木紧紧包围，以至于刮风时有些地方的树枝在墙上摇曳；有些书上挂满了折断了的树枝；似乎这地方无人打理；——来给树木修剪枝叶，保持布满青苔的行车道井然有序。尽管这座庄园荒废已久，看上去有点让人毛骨悚然，但仍比我想象中气派多了。ThesentenceintheexampledescribesthefirstimpressionwhentheoldnurseandMissRosamondsaw“thelargeandramblingmanorhouse”,wherethewholestoryhappens.Byanalyzingthissentence,wecanfindoutthatthoughitdoesnotlikecommongothicarchitectureinothergothictale,butitisalsoaveryoldand“desolate”housesince“nooneseemedtotakemuchchargeoftheplace”,inEnglish“desolate”meansemptyandwithoutpeople,makingyoufeelsadorfrightened(ofathplace)(OxfordLearner’sDictionary，7edition),fromthiswecanknowthatassoonastheoldnursesawthehouse,shehadasenseofthefrighten,butthenshepaidmoreattentiontothegrandofthehouse,sowhentranslatingthissentence,thewriterpaysmoreattentiontohowtotranslatethehouse’oldandgloomyvividly.Example2:ST:Aswinterdrewon,andthedaysgrewshorter,IwassometimesalmostcertainthatIheardanoiseasifsomeonewasplayingonthegreatorganinthehall.Thefirstnight,whenIwentdowntomysupper,IaskedDorothywhohadbeenplayingmusic,andJamessaidveryshortlythatIwasagowktotakethewindsoughing49 amongthetreesformusic:butIsawDorothylookathimveryfearfully,andBessy,thekitchen-maid,saidsomethingbeneathherbreath,andwentquitewhite.TT:渐入冬季，白天越来越短，我时常听见噪音，我敢肯定，仿佛有人在演奏大厅里的风琴。第一天夜里，我下楼去吃晚餐，我问桃丽丝是谁在演奏曲子，詹姆斯轻描淡写地说我像个傻瓜，误认为风吹树叶的声音是曲子：但是我看见桃丽丝惊恐地看着他，还有帮厨女佣贝斯脸色突然变得煞白，似乎欲言又止。WhentheoldnurseandMissRosamondsettledintheManorHouse,andwhenwinteriscoming,theoldnursebegantohearsomestrangenoisefromtheorganinthehall,fromtheformertext,wecanfindoutdescriptionaboutthisorgan:”anorganbuiltintothewall,andsolargethatitfilledupthebestpartofthatend”,fromthiswecanlearntheimportantstatusoftheorgan.Thisisthebeginningofthehorroratmosphere,fromtheexpressionlike“fearful”,“wentquitewhite”,wecanfeelthehorrorsinceifsomeone’sface“gowhite”,itmeansthatsomeoneissofrightenedthatthhisfaceturnsicklywhite(OxfordLearner’sDictionary,7edition),thusitintriguetheoldnurseaswellasthereader’scuriosityinfindingoutwhytheorganismakingnoises,whypeoplearehesitatedtotalkaboutit.Thewriterwillfocusontranslatingthesentencevividly,sothetranslatedreadershavethesamecuriosityandquestions.Example3:ST:IthoughtatfirstthatitmightbeMissFurnivallwhoplayed,unknowntoBessy;butonedaywhenIwasinthehallbymyself,Iopenedtheorganandpeepedallaboutitandaroundit,asIhaddonetotheorganinCrosthwaiteChurchoncebefore,andIsawitwasallbrokenanddestroyedinside,thoughitlookedsobraveandfineandthen,thoughitwasnoonday,myfleshbegantocreepalittle,andIshutitup,andrunawayprettyquicklytomyownbrightnursery;andIdidnotlikehearingthemusicforsometimeafterthat,anymorethanJamesandDorothydid.TT:起先我以为贝斯不知道是芬尼伏夫人在演奏风琴；但是有一天我亲自来到大厅，打开风琴，仔细查看风琴四周，之前我在克罗斯维特教堂时就会拉风琴，50 我看到它里外已经完全破损，尽管我自诩很勇敢，但在中午时分，我还是有点毛骨悚然，我合上风琴，飞快地奔向我那明亮的育婴室；从那之后很长一段时间我没听到音乐了，而且詹姆斯和桃丽丝也没听到。Theoldnurseatfirstdidnotpaymuchattentiontothenoisefromtheorgan,thoughBessytoldherthatitmaybeplayedbythe“oldlord”,asshedoesnotknowwhotheoldlordis,sheisnotfrighteneduntiloneday,shefoundoutthattheorganistotallybrokenthatitcannotbeplayed,shestartedto“creepalittle”.Thisiswhatthisexampledescript,weneedtopayattentiontothetranslationofthephrase“itwasnoonday,myfleshbegantocreepalittle”,whichshowedtheoldnurse’sfrightenlively,howtotranslatethisfeelingcorrectlytothereaderisthefiscalproblemintranslation.Example4:ST:Ineverlookedatherfeet,butsheheldmyhandfastandtightinherlittleone,anditwasvery,verycold.ShetookmeuptheFell-path,uptotheholly-trees;andthereIsawaladyweepingandcrying;butwhenshesawme,shehushedherweeping,andsmiledveryproudandgrand,andtookmeonherknee,andbegantolullmetosleep;andthat’sall,Hester—butthatistrue;andmydearmammaknowsitis,’saidshe,crying.TT:我也没在意她的脚印，她冰凉冰凉的小手紧紧拉着我的手。她带领我向费尔斯山路走去直到冬青树那里，我看见一个女士在那里哭喊；但是当她看到我她就不哭了，流露出自豪安详的微笑，把握抱到她的膝盖上，开始哄我睡觉；就这些，海斯特—但这都是真的；我亲爱的妈妈知道我没说谎，”她哭着说道。Therealwayssupernaturalthingslikeghost,phantomappearedingothictale,thissentencedescribedthefirstscenewhensupernaturalthingsappearedinthisgothictale.MissRosamondwasmissing,andwhenshewasfound,shewaslying”underthe51 holly-trees”inthecoldweather.Whenshewakeup,shetoldshesawalittlegirlwhotookhertothetree,thissentencedescribedwhatthatlittlegirllooklike,fromtheword“cold”,“crying”,“lull”,wecanfeelthislittlegirlandthatwomanisverystrange,thatistosay,theyarenothuman,but“phantom”.Thesentenceissaidbyalittlegirl,andshedoesnotthinkthatlittlegirlandwomanarestrange,sowhentranslatingit,weneedtothinkfromMissRosamond’sperspective,onlyinthiswaycangainanequivalenceeffect.Example5:ST:Iturnedtowardsthelongnarrowwindows,andthere,sureenough,Isawalittlegirl,lessthanmyMissRosamond—dressedallunfittobeout-of-doorssuchabitternight—crying,andbeatingagainstthewindow-panes,asifshewantedtobeletin.Sheseemedtosobandwail,tillMissRosamondcouldbearitnolonger,andwasflyingtothedoortoopenit,when,allofasudden,andcloseupuponus,thegreatorganpealedoutsoloudandthundering,itfairlymademetremble;andallthemorewhenIrememberedmethat,eveninthestillnessofthatdead-coldweather,Ihadheardnosoundoflittlebatteringhandsuponthewindow-glass,althoughthePhantomChildhadseemedtoputforthallitsforce;and,althoughIhadseenitwailandcry,nofaintesttouchofsoundhadfallenuponmyears.WhetherIrememberedallthisattheverymoment,Idonotknow;thegreatorgansoundhadsostunnedmeintoterror;butthisIknow,IcaughtupMissRosamondbeforeshegotthehalldooropened,andclutchedher,andcarriedheraway,kickingandscreaming,intothelargebrightkitchen,whereDorothyandAgneswerebusywiththeirmince-pies.TT:我朝狭长的窗户那里看了看，千真万确，我看到一个比罗莎蒙德要小一点的小女孩—在寒冷的夜晚里却衣衫褴褛—正在叫喊着，在猛烈地敲着窗户玻璃，似乎想要进来。她似乎要嚎啕大哭了，直到罗莎蒙德再也忍不住飞快地奔向门口去开门，就在那时，闭合的风琴突然发出雷鸣般的声响，我简直吓坏了，我的全身都在颤抖；那天晚上冷得出奇，静得可怕，所有我能记起52 的是尽管那个幽灵般的孩子用小手使劲地敲打窗户，但是我听不到任何声响。而且，尽管我看到她在哀嚎叫喊，我也没听见任何啜泣声。我不太清楚，我就记得当时那些情况。那巨大的风琴声让我陷入一片恐慌；但是我还记得，在罗莎蒙德打开大厅的门之前，我一把将她抱住，带她离开，而她挣扎着，尖叫着进了宽敞明亮的厨房，桃丽丝和艾格尼丝正忙着做肉馅。InNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,therearefourkindsofequivalence:wordequivalence,syntacticequivalence,textualequivalenceandstylisticequivalence.Thereasonwhychoosethisparagraphasanexampleisbecausethisparagraphdescribedthefirstscenewhentheoldnursesawthelittlephantomchild,thatlittlegirl’scryingplusthebigorgan’sloudlynoisereallymadepeoplewhoheardtremble,thisparagraphincludemanyhorror-relatedexpressionsweneedtopayattentionduringthetranslation,like“sobandwail”,“loudandthundering”,“battering”,“stuninto”,“putforth”,etc.throughtheseadjectiveandverbphrases,horroratmosphereisshowed.Inthisparagraph,weneedtofocusonthewordequivalencesyntacticequivalenceaswellastextualequivalenceinthisoneparagraph,byequivalenceinthesewords,syntacticandtextual,equivalenceofthehorroreffectcanbegained.Example6:ST:‘Shewon’tletmeopenthedoorformylittlegirltocomein;andshe’lldieifsheisoutontheFellsallnight.Cruel,naughtyHester,’shesaid,slappingme;butshemighthavestruckharder,forIhadseenalookofghastlyterroronDorothy’sface,whichmademyverybloodruncold.TT:“她不让我开门放我的小女孩进来；如果她整夜呆在费尔斯山上她会冻死的。残忍无情的海斯特，”她边说边打我；但是她更加剧烈地拍打我时，我看到满脸惊恐的桃丽丝，这简直让我毛骨悚然，我快吓死了。Fromthewords“ghastly”and“bloodruncold”,wecanfeelthehorroratmospherewhenDorothyandtheoldnurseheardwhatMissRosamondsaid.Theword“ghastly”53 meansveryfrighteningandunpleasant,becauseitinvolvespain,death,etc(OxfordthLearner’sDictionary,7edition),andthephrase“makesomebodybloodruncold”meanstomakesomebodyveryfrightenedorfillthemwithhorror(OxfordLearner’sthDictionary,7edition).Afteranalysisthedetailedmeaningofthetwowords,howtotranslatethetwowordsintonaturalChineselanguage,weneedtofindappropriatewordsthathadequivalenceeffectinChinese,thuswecanacquiretheequivalenceinthishorroratmosphere.Example7:ST:IsaidIhadbeenfrightenedenoughwiththeoldlord’sorgan-playing;butnow,thatIhadseenformyselfthislittlemoaningchild,alldeckedoutasnochildintheneighborhoodscouldbe,beatingandbatteringtogetin,yetalwayswithoutanysoundornoise—withthedarkwoundonitsrightshoulder;andthatMissRosamondhadknownitagainforthephantomthathadnearlyluredhertoherdeath(whichDorothyknewwastrue);Iwouldstanditnolonger.TT:我说我已经被老勋爵的风琴声吓怕了；但是现在我又亲眼看到那个呻吟的小女孩，很明显附近一带没有小孩在拍打撞击玻璃试图进来，而且听不到任何哭声和响动—她的右边肩膀上甚至有道黑色伤口；在那之后罗莎蒙德又见到了那个劝诱她走向死亡的幽灵（桃丽丝知道这一切都是真的）；我真的再也无法忍受了。Thisisanothersentencedescribethefearoftheoldnurse,Hester,whenherfearhasclimbedtothehighestpointthatshecouldnotbearitanymore,whenreaderreadthissentence,theycanfeelHester’sdesperate,sowhentranslatethissentenceintoChinese,equivalenceeffectofthisfeelingofdesperateisexpectedinthetranslation.Example8:ST:Allatoncetheeastdoorgavewaywithathunderingcrash,asiftornopeninaviolentpassion,andtherecameintothatbroadandmysteriouslight,thefigureofa54 talloldman,withgreyhairandgleamingeyes.Hedrovebeforehim,withmanyarelentlessgestureofabhorrence,asternandbeautifulwoman,withalittlechildclingingtoherdress.TT:突然东边的房门传来雷鸣般的撞击声，仿佛被一阵狂暴的力量撕扯开了，神秘的光线照射进房间，里面有个满头白发，目光闪烁的高大的老年人身影。他驱赶着他前面的那个举止间充满仇恨，表情严肃，面容娇好的女人，她身边有个小女孩抓住她的裙子。Thissentenceisjustlikeahorriblesceneinthehorrormovie,ittellsusthesecretintheeastwingofthehouse,intheformertext,theoldnursehaveheardthestoryaboutthisfamily,aboutthis“dreadful”house,thenonenight,thisscenehappened,MissFurnivallandMissRosamondseemtohavebeenhaunted,everyoneinthishousehaveseenthisfearfulscene.Justbyreadthissentence,thereadercanvividlyfeelthisterror,sowhentranslatethissentence,thewritertriestotranslateitintoamoviescene,sotheChinesereaderhavethesamefeelingofwatchingahorrormovie.Fromtheaboveexamples,wecanfindsomestrategiesintranslatingthehorroratmosphereingothictale,firstinthechoiceofproperexpressions,accordingtodifferentleveloffrighten,weneedtousedifferentexpressionsthatshoweddifferentleveloffearinChinese.Forexample,whentheoldnursefirstheardthenoisefromtheorganandwhenshefoundtheorganisbroken,she“creepalittle”sothewritertranslateitinto“毛骨悚然”,thenforthesecondtime,sheknowheexistofthatphantomgirl,thesoundofthatlittlegirlandthebrokenorgan“madehertremble”,sothewritertranslateditinto“我简直吓坏了，我的全身都在颤抖”,thenthefearfromtheoldlordplusthefearofthephantomgirl,theoldnurse“wouldstanditnolonger”,sothewritertranslatedthisleveloffearinto“我真的再也无法忍受了”,thenatlastwhenDorothytoldtheoldnurseallthestoryinthehouse,theoldnursesaid:“Iwasmorefrightenedthanever.”Thatisthehighestfearoftheoldnurse,sothewritertranslateditinto“我害怕的要死”.Second,inordertotranslatethehorroratmosphereingothictales,theliteraltranslationispreferred.Onlyinthiswaycanthereaderfeelthishorrorvividly,55 cantheequivalenceeffectisgained.Literaltranslationdoesnotmeantotranslatethesentencewordbyword,buttotranslateunderdetailedanalysis,thenchoosethewordthatfitforthehorroratmosphere.Inconclusion,onlywhentheword,syntacticandtextualisequivalenceinthetranslatedtext,cantheequivalenceofthestylistic,whichishorroratmosphereingothictale,beachieved.3.2.2EquivalenceTranslationStrategyoftheThemeinTheOldNurse’sStoryBeforeanalysistheequivalencetranslationstrategyofthisgothictale,thewriterwouldliketogiveathoroughintroductionofthisgothictale.Throughthesimpleandsympatheticwordsofanoldnursemaid,weareintroducedtoGraceFurnivall,mistressofagreatmanoronNorthumberlandFells,thelastheirandnamesakeofthedeceasedLordFurnivall.Manyyearsearlier,whenGracewasayoungandbeautifulwoman,sheandhersisterMaudelovedandcompetedforthesameman—adark,foreignmusicianwhowasafriendandmusicteacheroftheirfather’s.Becauseofthis,sisterlyloveandfamilyloyaltywereforgottenand,eventually,theoldersisterMaudemarriedthemansecretlyandtheirchildwasasecrettoo.ButatlatthemandisappearedandbothMaudeandGracearesadaboutthissotheybegantohateeachother.Andthen,tragically,GracediscoveredMaude’sdisgracefulsecret;jealousyconsumedherandshetoldalltoLordFurnivall.TheenragedLord,intrueGothicform,turnedagainstMaudeandherchild.Heraisedhiscane,struckhisgrandchild,andbanishedbothmotherandchildoutintothestormywinternight.Thenextmorning,thechildwasfoundfrozentodeathinthedarkwoods,inthearmsofhermother,whosegriefhadgivenwaytoinsanity.Grace,nowanoldwoman,haslivedwiththeresultsofheractionsallthesemanyyears.Shehasnevermarried;shestaysinthemansionalone,tendedtoonlybyservants;andeachwinter,asthestormshowl.Butthisparticularwinter,Gracehasaward,asmallgirlnamedRosamond,whoisdrawntothisphantomchild,andputsherownlifeindanger56 inordertobewithher.Finally,oneparticularlyviolent,stormynight,Grace’spastandherguiltconcerningitmanifestsinfrontofherandherservants:AsGracecriesandbegstheghostofherfathertohavepityonthe“innocentchild,”anewspectralfigureemergesinthemidstofthehorrificscene:Thus,Graceisforcedtorelivetheactionsandconsequencesofherpast.Afteranintroductionofthisgothictale,wecanfindoutthatthethemeof“TheOldNurse’sStory”liesinitshowshowfearandguiltcansurfacewhenforgivenessandredemptionarenotobtained.MissGraceishauntedbythepastandeventuallypaidforit.Therearemanysentencesinthisgothictaleindicatesthethemeofthisgothictale,buthowcanwetranslateitintounderstandableChinesesothattheChinesereaderscancomprehendthethemeofthisgothictaleisthekeyproblem.Thewriterwilltakethefollowingsentencesasexamples,todiscusshowequivalenceeffectisgainedinthetranslationofthethemeofthisgothictale.Example1:ST:Suchabeautyshemusthavebeen!butwithsuchaset,proudlook,andsuchscornlookingoutofherhandsomeeyes,withhereyebrowsjustalittleraised,asifshewerewonderinghowanyonecouldhavetheimpertinencetolookather;andherlipcurledatus,aswestoodtheregazing.TT:她曾经肯定是个美人！她表情安静孤傲，眉毛微微抬起,清秀的双眸里里折射出藐视一切的神情，她似乎在想任何人盯着她看都是多么的鲁莽；我们这样盯着她的时候，她的嘴角也还是微微上扬。Thissentenceseemstohavenoconnectionwiththeme,butcomparedwithwhatMissFurnivalllookslikenow,thoughproudasshewas,shewasusedtobeabeautifulanddelicatewoman.Butjustbecauseofthisproudandscorn,whenshefoundoutthathersistermarriedthemanthatshelovedaswellandhadababy,shetookherrevengetotoldherfatherallthesethingswhichleadingtothedeathofhersisterandthatlittlebaby,sheishauntedbecauseofherself,sothissentenceisalkindofforeshadowingofthe57 forwardtragiclife.Whentranslatingthissentence,inordertoacquiretheequivalenceeffect,thewriterchangedthewordorderalittlebitsoitfitsfortheChinesepeople’sspeakinghabitsaswell.Example2:ST:Iremember,onedayatdinner,MissFurnivalllifteduphersad,heavyeyes,andsaidtoMrs.Stark,‘Iamafraidweshallhaveaterriblewinter,’inastrangekindofmeaningway.TT:我记得，有一天在晚餐时，芬尼伏夫人用她那忧伤沉重的眼神看着斯达克说，“可怕的冬天又要来临了，”话里透着一种奇怪的意思。Fromthissentence,wecancometotheconclusionthatMissFurnivallsuffersfrompainfulmemories,intenseguilt,andishaunted,bothliterallyandemotionally,bythepast.Her“sad,heavy”eyesindicatethatshevirtuallyradiatesaquiet,gloomyatmosphere.And,ofcourse,shedreadstheoncoming“terriblewinter”.Whentranslating“Iamafraidweshallhaveaterriblewinter”,thewriterdoesnotusethefuturetenseastheoriginaltext,buttranslatedinto“可怕的冬天又要来临了”,inthiswaythefeelingthatMissFurnivallisdreadstheoncoming“terriblewinter”ismoreobviousthatliteraltranslateditinto“我恐怕我们要迎接一个可怕的冬天了”.Example3:ST:IhavenottoldyouthatMissFurnivallandMrs.Starkneverwenttochurch:theyusedtoreadtheprayerstogether,intheirquietgloomyway;theyseemedtofeeltheSundayverylongwithouttheirtapestry-worktobebusyat.TT:我还没告诉你们芬尼伏夫人和斯达克从不去教堂做礼拜：她们时常一起用她们安静忧郁的方式默读祈祷书；她们似乎不会在这漫长的周日里丢下手中的正忙着的壁毯针线活。Thoughthisisagothictale,thisisasentencethatcontainsnofearorothergothicfactors,butfromthissentence,wecangettoknowthatMissFurnivallnevergoto58 church,butwhy?Itisobviousthatbecauseoftheguiltshehascarriedwithheralltheseyearsandtheforcedviewingofherdeeds,herchoiceofnotgoingtochurchtoconfessioninsomedegreeleadtohertragicending.Duetotheculturedifferences,whentranslatingthissentence,thewriteraddedthephrase“做礼拜”totheword“church”intheoriginaltextinordertoexplainwhatpeopleusuallydointhechurch,sothetranslatedreadercanbetterunderstandit.Example4:ST:ItolditalltoMissFurnivall,shoutingclosetoherear;butwhenIcametothementionoftheotherlittlegirloutinthesnow,coaxingandtemptingherout,andwillingheruptothegrandandbeautifulladybytheholly-tree,shethrewherarmsup—heroldandwitheredarms—andcriedaloud,‘Oh!Heaven,forgive!Havemercy!’…ThenMrs.Starkhurriedmeoutoftheroom;where,indeed,Iwasgladenoughtogo;butMissFurnivallkeptshriekingout,‘Oh!Havemercy!WiltThouneverforgive!TT:我对着芬尼伏夫人的耳边大声对她讲了一切。但是当我提到外面雪地里有另外一个女孩劝诱小姐出去，带她到冬青树旁边的女士身边时，她举起胳膊—她那苍老萎缩的胳膊—大声哭喊，“啊！上帝，原谅我！仁慈的上帝！”……然后斯达克让我赶紧出去；的确，我不该在那儿，我很乐意走；但是芬尼伏夫人还在大吼大叫，“啊！仁慈的上帝！你永远都不会原谅我！”“TheOldNurse’sStory”containsnoreligiousdogma.Thereisnoconfessionhere,nosalvationorredemptionthroughChrist,butinsteadabeggingofforgivenessfromthoseharmed.GraceFurnivallisnotinherentlyevil.Heranguished,futilepleasformercyforherghostlynieceareproofofthis(II.445).Indeed,Gracedevotesherveryexistencetosorrowfulmourning,beggingforgivenessfromherlong-deadrelatives:“Havemercy!...Ohhavemercy!Wiltthouneverforgive!Fromthissentence,wecanfeelthedeepfearinMissFurnivall,thoughthereexistaculturaldifferencesinunderstandingoftheGod,thewriterchoosetouseliteraltranslationtoshowthisdeep59 fearvividly.Example5:ST:And,allthewhile,MissGracestoodbyhim,whiteandstillasanystone;andwhenhehadendedsheheavedagreatsigh,asmuchastosayherworkwasdone,andherendwasaccomplished.TT:而且，当时，格蕾丝脸色煞白一动不动地站在他身边；当他父亲说完她长叹一口气，她的复仇任务完成了，她的目的达到了。Inheryouth,Gracehadachoicetomake:graciousassistancetoMaudeinhertimeofneed,orrevenge.Shechoserevenge.BecauseofGrace,Maudelosesherchildandbecauseofthiswrongchoice,Gracenevermarriesandremainchildlessherentirelifeandsheishauntedeverfromthiswrongchoiceismade.Theimportantpointwhentranslatingthissentenceliesinthetranslationofthephrase“whiteandstillasanystone”,fromthisphrases,wecanfindoutMissFurnivalliskindofregretinherrevengewhichmadeheroldersisterandherchildoutofthehouseinsuchacoldwinter,butinChinese,thereisnoexpressionslikethis,sowhentranslatingthisphrase,thewriterbanishedthemetaphor“likeastone”,buttotranslateitinto“脸色煞白一动不动”inordertotheequivalenceeffectinChinese.Example6:ST:Justatthismoment—whenthetalloldman,hishairstreamingasintheblastofafurnace,wasgoingtostrikethelittleshrinkingchild—MissFurnivall,theoldwomanbymyside,criedout,‘Oh,father!Father!Sparethelittleinnocentchild!’…Ihadseenthatfigurebefore.ItwasthelikenessofMissFurnivallinheryouth;andtheterriblephantomsmovedon,regardlessofoldMissFurnivall’swildentreaty—andtheupliftedcrutchfellontherightshoulderofthelittlechild,andtheyoungersisterlookedon,stonyanddeadlyserene.Butatthatmomentthedimlights,andthefirethatgavenoheat,wentoutofthemselves,andMissFurnivall60 layatourfeetstrickendownbythepalsy—death-stricken.TT:就在那时—那个高大的老人，头发如同火炉爆炸般热气腾腾，正要鞭打那浑身颤抖的小女孩—芬尼伏夫人，在我身边的老妇人，大声喊叫，“啊，父亲！父亲！原谅无辜的孩子吧！”但是就在那时我看到—我们都亲眼目睹—又有另外一个鬼魂的样子，在大厅的朦胧的蔚蓝色光线中愈发清晰；我们之前都看不到站在老人身边的另一个女人，她满脸写着无尽的仇恨和胜利的蔑视。……我曾经见过这身影。它是芬尼伏夫人年轻时候的模样；那些可怕的鬼魂在向前移动。不管芬尼伏夫人野性的哀求—那落下的拐杖打在小女孩的右肩上，那个妹妹（芬尼伏）却冷酷无情，若无其事地看着这一切。但是就在那时昏暗的光线明亮起来，那冷冰冰的火苗也散发热量，而芬尼伏夫人全身瘫痪倒在我们脚上—致命一击。Thisistheendingofthestory,MissGraceisnotjusthauntedbyherniece;sheisalsohauntedwithguiltandrevulsionofherownpast.JustasLordFurnivallrailedagainstMaude,chasingheroutofhishome,henowrailsagainstGrace,hauntingtheManor,playinghisorgan,andchasingawayherpeaceofmind.Thoughsheshoutedouttoaskherfathertosparethatlittlechild,herselfwasnotforgiven.Thisisthehighlightofthisgothictale,thethemeofthisgothictaleofhowfearandguiltcansurfacewhenforgivenessandredemptionarenotobtainedisvividinthissentence,sowhentranslatedthissentence,thewriteralsouseliteraltranslationtoshowthisvividscene.Example7:ST:Shelaywithherfacetothewallmutteringlowbutmutteringaway:‘Alas!Alas!Whatisdoneinyouthcanneverbeundoneinage!Whatisdoneinyouthcanneverbeundoneinage!’TT:她躺在床上，面对墙壁，一直不停地低声自言自语：“唉！唉！覆水难收啊！覆水难收！”Thisisthelastsentenceofthisgothictale.Itseemedthatthelastsentencesuggested61 “plainresponsibilityforone’sownfate”,butitremainsquestionablewhethershehaspubliclyowneduptothatresponsibility.Certainly,shebegsforforgiveness,butdoessheevercommitatrueactofrepentance?Ordoesshejustprivatelyconfesswhatshedidandaskforgivenessforit?SoatlastMissFurnivallisdiedofherguiltybutinanothersense,sheisrelievedfromherhaunting.Whentranslatingthissentence,“whatisdoneinyouthcanneverbeundoneinage”isanEnglishproverbwhichmeansthingscannotbereversed,whatyouhavedoneinyouryouth,nomatterhowyouregretted,youcannotchangethefinalresultwhenyouareinyouroldage.InChineseproverbs,thereisalsoanproverbthathavethesimilarmeaningwhichis“覆水难收”,soinsteadofliteraltranslation,thewriterchoosetouseaChineseproverbsothatthereaderscanunderstandwhatMissFurnivallisthinkingwhenshewasdying.Fromtheexamplesabove,wecanfindoutthethemeofthegothictaleclearly,andbyusingdifferentkindsoftranslationstrategies,wecantransferthethemeofthisgothictalecorrectlyandvividly,sothetranslatedtextcanbeunderstoodbytheChinesereaderwhichinNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,theequivalenceeffectisexpectedinthefinaltranslation.62 ChapterFourConclusionTranslationisaprocessofreconstructionoftheoriginaltext,InNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheory,thetranslatorshouldnotonlypayattentiontotheuseofproperwordsandsentences,butalsototransferthestylisticandthemeoftheoriginaltextvividly.Asoneofthemostimportantfactorsingothictale,thehorroratmosphereisofsignificantimpactinthetranslationofgothictales,sincethroughthehorroratmosphere,thethemeofthegothictaleismanifested.ByapplyingNida'sFunctionalequivalencetheorytothetranslationofthisshortGothictale,thewriterwillsummarizetranslationstrategiesandmethodsintranslationoftheGothictale,soastoexplorehowthetranslationofthegothictaleacquiretheequivalenceeffectlikeNidasaid,sothatthetargetlanguagereaderscanobtainthesamereadingexperienceandperceptionwiththesourcelanguagereadersaswellastheuniqueBritishgothictradition.AfteradetailedanalysisofthetranslationbasedonNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheorysoastoexplorethestrategiesintranslatinggothictales,thefollowfindingscanbereached:1.Equivalencetranslationstrategiesoftheatmosphere:theatmosphereingothictaleisalwayshorrorandfrightening,inordertotheequivalenceeffectofthisatmosphere,literaltranslationispreferred,sincebyliteraltranslation,thehorrorfeelingofgothictaleismorevividandimpressing.2.Equivalencetranslationstrategiesofthetheme:themostcommonandoutstandingthemeofgothictaleslieintheireternalconflictsbetweengoodandevil.Sothewritertookvarioustranslationmethodsduringthetranslationofthetheme,sincethereisaculturaldifferencesbetweenBritishandChinese,sowhenthereexistadifference,thewriterneedtochangeitintotheexpressionsthatChinesereadercanunderstand.Therearemanyfour-characterphrasesusedinthetranslatedtextthroughwhichChinesereadercanbetterunderstandthethemeofthegothictale63 Howevertherearesomemissingpointsinthisreport,sincenobodyhaseveranalysisthisgothictaleanditstranslationbefore,allthesetranslationstrategiesandmethodsisconcludedbythewriter,andthisreportonlyinvolvestwoaspectsofthetranslationofgothictales.Researchesonthetranslationofgothictaleneedtobedeepexploredinotheraspects.ByapplyingNida'sFunctionalequivalencetheorytothetranslationofthisshortGothictale,thewriterwillsummarizetranslationstrategiesandmethodsintranslationoftheGothictale,soastoexplorehowthetranslationofthegothictaleacquiretheequivalenceeffectlikeNidasaid,andbywritingthisreport,otherpeoplewouldfurtherunderstandhowthistheoryisappliedinthetranslationofothergothictalesthuspeoplewillgettoknowtheBritishgothictale.64 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