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1、CLASSICALECONOMICS:THESUBSISTENCEWAGEANDDEMAND-SUPPLYANALYSISMarxandtheIronLawofWagesByWILLIAMJ.BAUMOL*MarxdenLaf[argue]sagte:Cequ'ilhavethepowertoraisewagessubstantiallyyadecertainc'estquemoijenesuisevenundercapitalism;MarxconsideredthepasMarxiste.ironlawofwagesamonstrosity.TheseareLetterfromEngel
2、stoBernsteinnotthingshesaidonceortwice,byindirec-London2/3,November1882tionandinobscureplaces.Theyrecuroverandover,inCapitalandinotherwritingsIfindfewthingsasdiscouragingastheincludingprivatenotesandcorrespondence.persistentattributionofpositionstoawriterMoreover,theseareviewsMarxheldtothewhosework
3、scontainrepeated,categorical,endofhislife.indeedemotional,denunciationsofthoseviews.Marx'sviewsonwagesareaprimeA.ValueofLaborPowerandPhysicalexample.BothvulgarMarxistsandvulgarSubsistenceopponentsofMarxhavepropoundedtwoassociatedmyths:thathebelievedwagesun-AkeystatementinCapitaldoesseemtodercapital
4、ismareinevitablydrivennearsomesupportthesubsistenceallegation:thevaluephysicalsubsistencelevel,andthathecon-oflaborpoweris"....thelabour-timeneces-sideredthistoconstituterobberyofthesaryfortheproductionandconsequentlyworkersandamajorevilofcapitalism.Yetalsothereproduction,ofthisspecialarticle"Marxa
5、ndEngelstellusagainandagain,(Capital,I,p.189).ButalmostatonceMarxsometimesinmostintemperatelanguage,thatpointsoutthattheseviewsaretheveryoppositeoftheirs.Theseobservations,incidentally,arehardly...thenumberandextentof[thenewdiscoveries.Thus,forexample,Romanworker's]so-callednecessarywants,asRosdols
6、ky(1977,p.287ff.)disposesofalsothemodesofsatisfyingthem,arethesubsistencewageallegationandRobertthemselvestheproductofhistoricalde-velopment,anddependthereforetoaTucker(1969,ch.3),andAllenWood(1972)greatextentonthedegreeofciviliza-coverMarx'sviewonthemoralityofcapi-tionofacountry,moreparticularlyon
7、talistdistributionveryeffectively.theconditionsunderwhich,andconse-quentlyonthehabitsanddegreeof1.WagesandSubsistencecomfortinwhich,theclassoffreelabourershasbeenformed.IwillshowthattoMarxthevalueoflabor[Ca
