cooperativeness prediction in p2p networks

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1、Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comExpertSystemswithApplicationsExpertSystemswithApplications35(2008)1267–1274www.elsevier.com/locate/eswaCooperativenesspredictioninP2PnetworksChangyongNiu*,JianWang,RuiminShen,LipingShen,HengLuoShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,

2、DepartmentofComputerScience,6thFloorHaoranBuilding,1954#HuashanRoad,Shanghai200030,ChinaAbstractPeer-to-peersystemsareopencommunities,inwhichnotonlyistherenooverarchingcontrol,butneitheristhereanyhierarchyofcontrolamongthesystemcomponents.Insuchopencommuniti

3、eswherepeerscanjoinandleavefreelyandbehaveautonomously,selectingappropriatepeerstocooperatewithisachallengingproblem,sincethecandidatepeersmaybeunreliableordishonest.Rep-utationsystemshavebeenproposedtoboosttrustandenhancecollaborationamongpeers.However,conv

4、entionalcomputationalrep-utationsystemstendtogeneratetrustbasedonadhocaggregationtechniquesthusproducereputationvalueswithambiguousmeanings.Inthispaperweproposeaprobabilisticcomputationalapproachtomodelandgeneratereputation.Byexplicitlyseparatingtherepu-tati

5、onbetweenprovidingservicesandgivingrecommendations,oursolutionrepresentstheestimateofservicequalityforaspecifictrans-actionasaprobabilityconditioneduponeachretrievedrecommendation,thustakingtheinnatebehavioursofreportersintoaccount.AKalmanfilterisappliedtolear

6、nfurthertheservicereputationfromtheestimate.Theproposedapproachworkswellevenwhenthereissparsefeedbackfromthereportingpeersgivingoutputwithwell-definedsemanticsandusefulmeanings.Ó2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Trust;Reputation;Peer-to-Peer;Cooperat

7、ion;Artificialintelligence1.Introductionofcomputationaltrust(ormorespecifically,reputation)model.P2PsystemsallowdynamiccreationofadhocgroupsofGiventheimportanceoftrustandreputationinopencollaboration.However,P2PcommunitiessuchasGnutel-systems,severalcomputatio

8、nalmodelsoftrustandreputa-la(2001)areoftenestablisheddynamicallywithpeersthattionhavebeendevelopedtomanagetrustinP2Psettingsareunrelatedandunknowntoeachother.Peershavetoforboostingtrustandenhanc