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1、679487JOMXXX10.1177/0149206316679487JournalofManagementHollenbeck,Wright/Harking,Sharking,andTharkingeditorial2016JournalofManagementVol.43No.1,January20175–18DOI:10.1177/0149206316679487©TheAuthor(s)2016Reprintsandpermissions:sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.navEditorialCommentaryHarking,Sharking,an
2、dTharking:MakingtheCaseforPostHocAnalysisofScientificDataJohnR.HollenbeckMichiganStateUniversityPatrickM.WrightUniversityofSouthCarolinaInthiseditorialwediscusstheproblemsassociatedwithHARKing(HypothesizingAfterResultsAreKnown)anddrawadistinctionbetweenSharking(SecretlyHARKingintheIntroductionsectio
3、n)andTharking(TransparentlyHARKingintheDiscussionsection).Althoughthereisneveranyjustifica-tionfortheprocessofSharking,wearguethatTharkingcanpromotetheeffectivenessandefficiencyofbothscientificinquiryandcumulativeknowledgecreation.Wearguethatthediscussionsectionsofallempiricalpapersshouldincludeasub
4、sectionthatreportsposthocexploratorydataanalysis.Weexplainhowauthors,reviewers,andeditorscanbestleverageposthocanalysesinthespiritofscientificdiscoveryinawaythatdoesnotbiasparameterestimatesandrecognizesthelackofdefinitivenessassociatedwithanysinglestudyoranysinglereplication.Wealsodiscusswhythefail
5、uretoTharkinhigh-stakescontextswheredataisscarceandcostlymayalsobeunethical.Keywords:philosophyofscience;microtopics;researchdesign;researchmethods;statisticalmethods;macrotopicsStudy#1Agraduatestudent,desperatetogetajob,takes30oftheshortestandmosteasilyobtainedsurveymeasuresandcreatesapairoflongque
6、stionnaires.Thefirstquestionnaireincludes15oftheindicesandcategorizesthemasindependentvariables(IVs),andthesecondCorrespondingauthor:PatrickM.Wright,DepartmentofManagement,DarlaMooreSchoolofBusiness,Univer-sityofSouthCarolina,1705CollegeStreet,Columbia,SC29208,USA.E-mail:WrightJOM@moore.sc.edu56Jour
7、nalofManagement/January2017questionnaireincludestheremainingindicescategorizedasdependentvariables(DVs).Thestudentthenrecruits2,000MechanicalTurkworkersforpenniesperhour,andsendsoutthequestionnairesse
